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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第4期3卷 338-342页

作者： Xuewen Wang shawn d.youngstedt department of Exercise Science University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208.USA division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouri 63110USA

Background： Poor sleep quality is associated with adverse effects on health outcomes. It is not clear whether exercise can improve sleep quality and whether intensity of exercise affects any of the effects. Methods： Fifteen healthy, non-obese （body mass index = 24.4 ± 2.1 kg/m^2, mean 4- Sd）, sedentary （〈20 min of exercise on no more than 3 times/week） older women （66.1 ± 3.9 years） volunteered for the study. Peak oxygen consumption （VO2peak） was evaluated using a graded exercise test on a treadmill with a metabolic cart. Following a 7-day baseline period, each participant completed two exercise sessions （separated by 1 week） with equal caloric expenditure, but at different intensities （60% and 45% VO2peak, sequence randomized） between 9：00 and 11：00 am. A wrist ActiGraph monitor was used to assess sleep at baseline and two nights following each exercise session. Results： The average duration of the exercise was 54 and 72 rain, respectively at 60% （moderate-intensity） and 45% VO2peak （light-intensity）. Wake time after sleep onset was significantly shorter （p = 0.016）, the number of awakenings was less （p = 0.046）, and total activity counts were lower （p = 0.05） after the moderate-intensity exercise compared to baseline no-exercise condition. Conclusion： Our data showed that a single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise session improved sleep quality in older women.

关键词： Actigraphy Activity counts Exercise Older adults Sleep quality Wake after sleep onset

The potential of a year-round school calendar for maintaining children’s weight status and fitness:Preliminary outcomes from a natural experiment

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 18-27,102页

作者： r.glenn weaver ethan hunt aaron rafferty michael w.beets keith brazendale gabrielle tumer-mcgrievy russell r.pate alberto maydeu-olivares brian saelens shawn youngstedt Separtment of exercise science university of south carolinacolumbiasc 29208usa department of health promotion educationand behavioruniversity of south carolinacolumbiasc 29208usa department of psychology university of south carolinacolumbiasc 29208usa Center for child health behavior and development seattle children's hospitalseattlewa 98105usa department of nursing and health innovation arizona state universitytempeaz 85281usa

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of a year-round school calendar (180-day school year distributed across 12 months) as an intervention comparedto a traditional school calendar (180-day school year distributed across 9 months) for mitigating children's weight gain and fitness loss viaa natural ***. Height, weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (i.e., Fitnessgram Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) were measured inchildren (5—12 years old) in 3 schools (2 traditional, 1 year-round, n = 990 students, age = 8.6 土 2.4 years, 53.1% male, 68.9% African American) from1 school district. Structure (represented by the presence of a school day) was the independent variable. Changes in body mass index (BMI), age- andsex-specific BMI z-scores (zBMI), BMI percentile, percent of overweight or obese children, and CRF (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular EnduranceRun laps completed) were assessed for summer 2017 (May—August 2017), school year 2017/2018 (August 2017—May 2018), and summer 2018(May—August 2018). Primary analyses examined the overall change in weight and CRF from summer 2017 until summer 2018 via multilevel mixedeffects regression, with group (traditional vs. year-round calendar), time, and a group-by-time interaction as the independent variables. Secondaryregression analyses estimated differences in change within and between groups during each time period, ***. Year-round students gained less BMI (difference in A = —0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): —0.67 to —0.03) and less CRF (differencein △ = — 1.92, 95%CI: —3.56 to —0.28) than students attending a traditional school overall. Compared with traditional students, during both sum・mers, year-round students gained less BMI (summer 2017 difference in A = —0.15, 95%CI: —0.21 to —0.08;summer 2018 difference in△ = —0.16, 95%CI: —0.24 to —0.07) and zBMI (summer 2017 difference in A = —0.032, 95%CI: —0.050 to —0.010;summer 2018 difference in△ = —0.033, 95%CI: —0.056 to —0.009

关键词： Children Intervention Obesity Overweight Policy School calendar

Endo-β-1,4-glucanases impact plant cell wall development by influencing cellulose crystallization

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 396-410页

作者： Magdalena Glass Sarah Barkwill Faride Unda shawn d.Mansfield department of Wood Science University of British Columbia

Cell walls are vital to the normal growth and development of plants as they protect the protoplast and provide rigidity to the stem. Here, two poplar and Arabidopsis orthologous endoglucanases, which have been proposed to play a role in secondary cell wall development, were examined. The class B endoglucanases, Pt GH9B5 and At GH9B5, are secreted enzymes that have a predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, while the class C endoglucanases, Pt GH9C2 and At GH9C2, are also predicted to be secreted but instead contain a carbohydrate-binding *** poplar endoglucanases were expressed in Arabidopsis using both a 35 S promoter and the Arabidopsis secondary cell wall-specific Ces A8 promoter. Additionally, Arabidopsis t-dNA insertion lines and an RNAiconstruct was created to downregulate At GH9C2 in Arabidopsis. All of the plant lines were examined for changes in cell morphology and patterning, growth and development, cell wall crystallinity, micro fibril angle, and proportion of cell wall carbohydrates. Misregulation of Pt GH9B5/At GH9B5 resulted in changes in xylose content, while misregulation of Pt GH9C2/At GH9C2 resulted in changes in crystallinity, which was inversely correlated with changes in plant height and rosette diameter. Together, these results suggest that these endoglucanases affect secondary cell wall development by contributing to the cell wall crystallization process.

关键词： Cellulose cell walls crystallinity endoglucanase expansion glucose xylose

A genome-wide association analysis implicates SOX6 as a candidate gene for wrist bone mass

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 1065-1072页

作者： shawn LEVY Vanderbilt Microarray Shared Resource Vanderbilt University

Osteoporosis is a highly heritable common bone disease leading to fractures that severely impair the life quality of *** fractures caused by osteoporosis are largely due to the scarcity of wrist bone *** we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of wrist bone mineral density (BMd).We examined ～500000 SNP markers in 1000 unrelated homogeneous Caucasian subjects and found a novel allelic association with wrist BMd at rs11023787 in the SOX6 (SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 6) gene (P=9.00×10-5).Subjects carrying the C allele of rs11023787 in SOX6 had significantly higher mean wrist BMd values than those with the T allele (0.485:0.462 g cm-2 for C allele vs.T allele carriers).For validation,we performed SOX6 association for BMd in an independent Chinese sample and found that SNP rs11023787 was significantly associated with wrist BMd in the Chinese sample (P=6.41×10-3).Meta-analyses of the GWAS scan and the replication studies yielded P-values of 5.20×10-6 for *** of this study,together with the functional relevance of SOX6 in cartilage formation,support the SOX6 gene as an important gene for BMd variation.

关键词： osteoporosis GWAS SOX6 SNPs wrist BMd

Using microglia-derived extracellular vesicles to capture diversity of microglial activation phenotypes following neurological injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1633-1634页

作者： Austyn d.Roseborough Nikita Ollen-Bittle shawn NWhitehead Vulnerable Brain Laboratory Department of Anatomy&Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine&DentistryLondonOHCanada

Microglia are one of the three glial cell populations in the central nervous system(CNS),along with astrocytes and *** microglia are unique among brain cells due to their hematologic origin and perform immune function... 详细信息

关键词： neurological cytes activation

Connecting cellular mechanisms and extracellular vesicle cargo in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2119-2131页

作者： Nikita Ollen-Bittle Austyn d.Roseborough Wenxuan Wang Jeng-liang d.Wu shawn N.Whitehead department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Western UniversityLondonONCanada Schulich School of Medicine and dentistry Western UniversityLondonONCanada deparment of Clinical Neurological Sciences Western UniversityLondonONCanada

Traumatic brain injury is followed by a cascade of dynamic and complex events occurring at the cellular level. These events include: diffuse axonal injury, neuronal cell death, blood-brain barrier break down, glial activation and neuroinflammation, edema, ischemia, vascular injury, energy failure, and peripheral immune cell infiltration. The timing of these events post injury has been linked to injury severity and functional outcome. Extracellular vesicles are membrane bound secretory vesicles that contain markers and cargo pertaining to their cell of origin and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These qualities make extracellular vesicles intriguing candidates for a liquid biopsy into the pathophysiologic changes occurring at the cellular level post traumatic brain injury. Herein, we review the most commonly reported cargo changes in extracellular vesicles from clinical traumatic brain injury samples. We then use knowledge from animal and in vitro models to help infer what these changes may indicate regrading cellular responses post traumatic brain injury. Future research should prioritize labeling extracellular vesicles with markers for distinct cell types across a range of timepoints post traumatic brain injury.

关键词： axonal injury biomarkers blood-brain barrier chronic traumatic encephalopathy extracellular vesicles glial activation neuroinflammation traumatic brain injury

Constraints and Opportunities for detecting Land Surface Phenology in drylands

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2021年第1期2021卷 332-346页

作者： shawn d.Taylor dawn M.Browning Ruben A.Baca Feng Gao US department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceJornada Experimental RangeNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico 88003USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education(ORISE) Oak RidgeTennessee 37830USA US department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceHydrology and Remote Sensing LaboratoryBeltsvilleMaryland 20705USA

Land surface phenology(LSP)enables global-scale tracking of ecosystem processes,but its utility is limited in drylands due to low vegetation cover and resulting low annual amplitudes of vegetation indices(VIs).due to the importance of drylands for biodiversity,food security,and the carbon cycle,it is necessary to understand the limitations in measuring dryland ***,using simulated data and multitemporal unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery of a desert shrubland,we explore the feasibility of detecting LSP with respect to fractional vegetation cover,plant functional types,VI uncertainty,and two different detection *** simulated data,we found that plants with distinct VI signals,such as deciduous shrubs,can require up to 60%fractional cover to consistently detect *** plants,with lower seasonal VI amplitude,require considerably higher cover and can have undetectable phenology even with 100%vegetation *** evaluation of two algorithms showed that neither performed the best in all *** with adequate cover,biases in phenological metrics can still exceed 20 days and can never be 100%accurate due to VI uncertainty from shadows,sensor view angle,and atmospheric *** showed how high-resolution UAV imagery enables LSP studies in drylands and highlighted important scale effects driven by within-canopy VI *** high-resolution imagery,the open canopies of drylands are beneficial as they allow for straightforward identification of individual plants,enabling the tracking of phenology at the individual *** thus have the potential to become an exemplary environment for future LSP research.

关键词： fractional straight imagery

An experimental study on tsunami inundation over complex coastal topography

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2013年第3期3卷 40-45页

作者： shawn Y.Sim Zhenhua Huang Adam d.Switzer Earth Observatory of Singapore Nanyang Technological University division of Earth Science Nanyang Technological University School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University

In recent studies, the effects of complex costal topography on tsunami run-up has sparked heated discussion. This study mainly aims at investigating the effects of complex costal topography on the tsunami inundation distance and the effectiveness of sand dunes in dissipating tsunami wave energy. The experiments were carried out in a wave flume to investigate the potential reduction effects of wave run-up by non erodible sand dune like features. The results show that increasing dunes spacing could not significantly affect inundation distance. However, if the height of sand dunes is of the same order of magnitude as the incoming tsunami wave and the gaps between the dunes are large enough, successful tsunami mitigation could also be possible.

关键词： complex topography tsunami inundation tsunami hazard mitigation

Predicting the Thermal Behavior in Functional Textile Fibers Having Embedded Electronics

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第6期4卷 1609-1619页

作者： Shaun Berry shawn Redmond Tairan Wang Mordechai Rothschild MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood StreetLexingtonMA 02421USA

In this paper,both steady-state and transient thermal simulations were performed on functional fibers having an embedded electronic chip acting as a heat *** were conducted for a range of different fiber materials and arbitrary fiber cross-sectional *** show that under steady-state heating conditions,the thermal response for any arbitrary fiber shape and fiber material system was convection dominated regardless of the effective thermal conductivity of the fiber,and that the corresponding temperature rise within the fiber can be predicted analytically allowing for the maximum temperature to be estimated for any known heat load and fiber *** the case of transient heating,we show that for pulsed power operation of the embedded electronic device,the maximum temperature reached in the fiber is always greater than the maximum temperature of the equivalent steady-state average ***,high peak powers can be safely achieved if the power-on pulse time and duty cycle are selected to limit the maximum temperature reached in the *** on the results from the transient simulations,a set of criteria was developed to determine whether the operating conditions would be:(1)allowable for the fiber system,thus requiring no transient simulations,(2)requiring a transient simulation to verify that the maximum temperature is acceptable,and(3)the operating conditions are too severe and device operation at these conditions are not practical.

关键词： Functional fibers Smart fibers Thermal modeling Fabrics MOEMS

Strong parallel evidence of selection during switchgrass sward establishment in hybrid and lowland ecotypes

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Grassland Research 2022年第1期1卷 31-42页

作者： Neal W.Tilhou shawn M.Kaeppler Michael d.Casler department of Agronomy University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA USdA-ARS U.S.Dairy Forage Research CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA

Background:Switchgrass sward establishment results in up to 90%seedling *** degree of selection during sward establishment has not been reported using modern genetic ***:Pooled leaf samples were sequenced from replicated swards of 46 half-sib families from two breeding groups(lowland and hybrid)before and through 3 years of stand *** allele frequencies were then assessed using fixation indices(Fst)and an independent data set was used to predict the polygenic impact of establishment selection on two traits(heading date and winter survivorship).Last,the dNA pools were assigned survival rankings to predict the sward survival genomically estimated breeding values within the training data ***:Strong and parallel selection occured in both breeding *** genomic regions exceeded the significant threshold of 99.9%in>10 families,indicating consistent selection across families and breeding *** trait predictions determined that establishment selection was partially associated with winter survivorship but resulted in variable heading date *** genomewide variation is consistent with selection for a small number of related parental ***:This study observed strong selection for a small number of hybrid and coastal ecotype individuals which are promising germplasm sources for improved sward *** confirms prior reports of sward selection during grassland establishment and highlights the strength of pooled dNA sequencing for survival traits.

关键词： genomic prediction grassland establishment Panicum virgatum polygenic traits selection