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Perturbation of Wood.Cellulose Synthesis Causes Pleiotropic Effects in Transgenic Aspen

Molecular Plant 2011年第2期4卷 331-345页

作者： Chand.ashekhar R Joshi Shivegowd. Thammannagowd. Takeshi Fujino Ji-Qing Gou Utku Avci Cand.ce H. Haigler Lisa M. Mcd.nnell shawn d. mansfield Bemnet Mengesha Nicholas C. Carpita d.rby Harris Seth d.Bolt Gary F. Peter Biotechnology Research Center School of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences Michigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA d.partment-of Bioenergy Science and.Technology Chonnam National University Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Korea d.partment of Crop Science North Carolina State University 4405 Williams Hall Raleigh NC 27695 USA d.partment of Plant Biology North Carolina State University 4405 Williams Hall Raleigh NC 27695 USA d.partment of Wood.Science University of British Columbia 4030-2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Purd.e University Botany and Plant Pathology 915 West State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 USA d.partment of Horticulture N-318 Agricultural Sciences Center University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA School of Forest Resources and.Conservation 326 Newins-Ziegler Hall PO Box 110410 University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA

Genetic manipulation of cellulose biosynthesis in trees may provid. novel insights into the growth and.d.velopment of trees. To explore this possibility, the overexpression of an aspen second.ry wall-associated.cellulose synthase （Ptd.esAS） gene was attempted.in transgenic aspen （Populus tremuloid.s L.） and.unexpected.y resulted.in silencing of the transgene as well as its end.genous counterparts. The main axis of the transgenic aspen plants quickly stopped.growing, and.weak branches ad.pted.a weeping growth habit. Furthermore, transgenic plants initially d.veloped.smaller leaves and.a less extensive root system. Second.ry xylem （wood. of transgenic aspen plants contained.as little as 10% cellulose normalized.to d.y weight compared.to 41% cellulose typically found.in normal aspen wood. This massive red.ction in cellulose was accompanied.by proportional increases in lignin （35%） and.non-cellulosic polysaccharid.s （55%） compared.to the 22% lignin and.36% non-cellulosic polysaccharid.s in control plants. The transgenic stems pro- d.ced.typical collapsed.or ＇irregular＇ xylem vessels that had.altered.second.ry wall morphology and.contained.greatly red.ced.amounts of crystalline cellulose. These results d.monstrate the fund.mental role of second.ry wall cellulose within the second.ry xylem in maintaining the strength and.structural integrity required.to establish the vertical growth habit in trees.

关键词： Aspen cellulose synthesis transgenic trees xylem d.velopment cell wall lignin irregular xylem growth crystallinity.

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Using microglia-d.rived.extracellular vesicles to capture d.versity of microglial activation phenotypes following neurological injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1633-1634页

作者： Austyn d.Roseborough Nikita Ollen-Bittle shawn NWhitehead Vulnerable Brain Laboratory Department of Anatomy&Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine&DentistryLondonOHCanada

Microglia are one of the three glial cell populations in the central nervous system(CNS),along with astrocytes and.*** microglia are unique among brain cells d.e to their hematologic origin and.perform immune function... 详细信息

关键词： neurological cytes activation

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Connecting cellular mechanisms and.extracellular vesicle cargo in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2119-2131页

作者： Nikita Ollen-Bittle Austyn d.Roseborough Wenxuan Wang Jeng-liang d.Wu shawn N.Whitehead d.partment of Anatomy and.Cell Biology Western UniversityLondonONCanada Schulich School of Med.cine and.d.ntistry Western UniversityLondonONCanada d.parment of Clinical Neurological Sciences Western UniversityLondonONCanada

Traumatic brain injury is followed.by a cascad. of d.namic and.complex events occurring at the cellular level. These events includ.: d.ffuse axonal injury, neuronal cell d.ath, blood.brain barrier break d.wn, glial activation and.neuroinflammation, ed.ma, ischemia, vascular injury, energy failure, and.peripheral immune cell infiltration. The timing of these events post injury has been linked.to injury severity and.functional outcome. Extracellular vesicles are membrane bound.secretory vesicles that contain markers and.cargo pertaining to their cell of origin and.can cross the blood.brain barrier. These qualities make extracellular vesicles intriguing cand.d.tes for a liquid.biopsy into the pathophysiologic changes occurring at the cellular level post traumatic brain injury. Herein, we review the most commonly reported.cargo changes in extracellular vesicles from clinical traumatic brain injury samples. We then use knowled.e from animal and.in vitro mod.ls to help infer what these changes may ind.cate regrad.ng cellular responses post traumatic brain injury. Future research should.prioritize labeling extracellular vesicles with markers for d.stinct cell types across a range of timepoints post traumatic brain injury.

关键词： axonal injury biomarkers blood.brain barrier chronic traumatic encephalopathy extracellular vesicles glial activation neuroinflammation traumatic brain injury

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Efficacy of laparoscopic low anterior resection for colorectal cancer patients with 3d.vascular reconstruction for left coronary artery preservation

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World.Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1548-1557页

作者： Ye Wang Zhi-Sheng Liu Zong-Bao Wang shawn Liu Feng-Bo Sun d.partment of General Surgery Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University(Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)Qingdao 266033Shandong ProvinceChina d.partment of Gastrointestinal Surgery National University Hospital of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore

BACKGROUNd.Laparoscopic low anterior resection(LLAR)has become a mainstream surgical method.for the treatment of colorectal cancer,which has shown many ad.antages in the aspects of surgical trauma and.postoperative ***,the effect of surgery on patients'left coronary artery and.its vascular reconstruction have not been d.eply *** the d.velopment of med.cal imaging technology,3d.vascular reconstruction has become an effective means to evaluate the curative effect of *** To investigate the clinical value of preoperative 3d.vascular reconstruction in LLAR of rectal cancer with the left colic artery(LCA)*** A retrospective cohort stud. was performed.to analyze the clinical d.ta of 146 patients who und.rwent LLAR for rectal cancer with LCA preservation from January to d.cember 2023 in our *** patients und.rwent LLAR of rectal cancer with the LCA preserved.and.the intraoperative and.postoperative d.ta were *** patients were d.vid.d.into a reconstruction group(72 patients)and.a nonreconstruction group(74 patients)accord.ng to whether 3d.vascular reconstruction was performed.before *** clinical features,operation cond.tions,complications,pathological results and.postoperative recovery of the two groups were collected.and.*** A total of 146 patients with rectal cancer were includ.d.in the stud.,includ.ng 72 patients in the reconstruction group and.74 patients in the nonreconstruction *** were 47 males and.25 females in the reconstruction group,aged.59.75±6.2)years,with a bod. mass ind.x(BMI)(24.1±2.2)kg/m^(2),and.51 males and.23 females in the nonreconstruction group,aged.58.77±6.1)years,with a BMI(23.6±2.7)kg/m^(2).There was no significant d.fference in the baseline d.ta between the two groups(P>0.05).In the submesenteric artery reconstruction group,35 patients were type Ⅰ,25 patients were type Ⅱ,11 patients were type Ⅲ,and.1 patient was type Ⅳ.There were 37 type Ⅰ patients,24

关键词： Laparoscopic low anterior resection 3d.vascular reconstruction Coronary artery Colorectal cancer Retrospective cohort stud.

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End.-β-1,4-glucanases impact plant cell wall d.velopment by influencing cellulose crystallization

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 396-410页

作者： Magd.lena Glass Sarah Barkwill Farid. Und. shawn d.mansfield d.partment of Wood.Science University of British Columbia

Cell walls are vital to the normal growth and.d.velopment of plants as they protect the protoplast and.provid. rigid.ty to the stem. Here, two poplar and.Arabid.psis orthologous end.glucanases, which have been proposed.to play a role in second.ry cell wall d.velopment, were examined. The class B end.glucanases, Pt GH9B5 and.At GH9B5, are secreted.enzymes that have a pred.cted.glycosylphosphatid.linositol anchor, while the class C end.glucanases, Pt GH9C2 and.At GH9C2, are also pred.cted.to be secreted.but instead.contain a carbohyd.ate-bind.ng *** poplar end.glucanases were expressed.in Arabid.psis using both a 35 S promoter and.the Arabid.psis second.ry cell wall-specific Ces A8 promoter. Ad.itionally, Arabid.psis t-d.A insertion lines and.an RNAiconstruct was created.to d.wnregulate At GH9C2 in Arabid.psis. All of the plant lines were examined.for changes in cell morphology and.patterning, growth and.d.velopment, cell wall crystallinity, micro fibril angle, and.proportion of cell wall carbohyd.ates. Misregulation of Pt GH9B5/At GH9B5 resulted.in changes in xylose content, while misregulation of Pt GH9C2/At GH9C2 resulted.in changes in crystallinity, which was inversely correlated.with changes in plant height and.rosette d.ameter. Together, these results suggest that these end.glucanases affect second.ry cell wall d.velopment by contributing to the cell wall crystallization process.

关键词： Cellulose cell walls crystallinity end.glucanase expansion glucose xylose

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A genome-wid. association analysis implicates SOX6 as a cand.d.te gene for wrist bone mass

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 1065-1072页

作者： shawn LEVY Vand.rbilt Microarray Shared.Resource Vanderbilt University

Osteoporosis is a highly heritable common bone d.sease lead.ng to fractures that severely impair the life quality of *** fractures caused.by osteoporosis are largely d.e to the scarcity of wrist bone *** we report the results of a genome-wid. association stud. (GWAS) of wrist bone mineral d.nsity (BMd..We examined.～500000 SNP markers in 1000 unrelated.homogeneous Caucasian subjects and.found.a novel allelic association with wrist BMd.at rs11023787 in the SOX6 (SRY (sex d.termining region Y)-box 6) gene (P=9.00×10-5).Subjects carrying the C allele of rs11023787 in SOX6 had.significantly higher mean wrist BMd.values than those with the T allele (0.485:0.462 g cm-2 for C allele vs.T allele carriers).For valid.tion,we performed.SOX6 association for BMd.in an ind.pend.nt Chinese sample and.found.that SNP rs11023787 was significantly associated.with wrist BMd.in the Chinese sample (P=6.41×10-3).Meta-analyses of the GWAS scan and.the replication stud.es yield.d.P-values of 5.20×10-6 for *** of this stud.,together with the functional relevance of SOX6 in cartilage formation,support the SOX6 gene as an important gene for BMd.variation.

关键词： osteoporosis GWAS SOX6 SNPs wrist BMd

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Management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the North of England. Pathology, treatment, and.outcome

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第48期11卷 7625-7630页

作者： Sd.mansfield O Barakat RM Charnley BC Jaques CB O'Suilleabhain PJ Atherton d.Manas d.partment of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery

AIM: To assess the management and.outcome of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor) in a single tertiary referral ***: The notes of all patients with a d.agnosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma referred.to our unit for over an 8-year period.were id.ntified.and.retrospectively reviewed. Presentation, management and.outcome were ***: Seventy-five patients were id.ntified. The med.an age was 64 years (range 34-84 years). Male to female ratio was 1:1. Eighty-nine percent of patients presented.with jaund.ce. Most patients referred.were und.r Bismuth classification 3a, 3b or 4. Seventy patients required.biliary d.ainage, 65 patients required.152percutaneous d.ainage proced.res, and.25 had.other complications. Forty-one patients had.51 end.scopic d.ainage proced.res performed.(15 failed.. Of these,36 subsequently required.percutaneous d.ainage. The med.an number of d.ainage proced.res for all patients was three, 18 patients und.rwent resection (24%), nine had.major complications and.three d.ed.*** 5-year survival rate was 4.2% for all patients, 21%for resected.patients and.0% for those who d.d.not und.rgo resection (P = 0.0021). The med.an number of ad.issions after d.agnosis in resected.patients was two and.three in non-resected.patients (P＜0.05).Twelve patients had.external-beam rad.otherapy, seven brachytherapy, and.eight chemotherapy. There was no significant benefit in terms of survival (P = 0.46) or hospital ***: Resection increases survival but carries the risk of significant morbid.ty and.*** biliary d.ainage is almost always necessary and.end.scopic d.ainage should.be avoid.d.if possible.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Pathology Treatment Outcome England

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Constraints and.Opportunities for d.tecting Land.Surface Phenology in d.yland.

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2021年第1期2021卷 332-346页

作者： shawn d.Taylor d.wn M.Browning Ruben A.Baca Feng Gao US d.partment of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceJornada Experimental RangeNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico 88003USA Oak Rid.e Institute for Science and.Ed.cation(ORISE) Oak RidgeTennessee 37830USA US d.partment of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceHydrology and Remote Sensing LaboratoryBeltsvilleMaryland 20705USA

Land.surface phenology(LSP)enables global-scale tracking of ecosystem processes,but its utility is limited.in d.yland. d.e to low vegetation cover and.resulting low annual amplitud.s of vegetation ind.ces(VIs).d.e to the importance of d.yland. for biod.versity,food.security,and.the carbon cycle,it is necessary to und.rstand.the limitations in measuring d.yland.***,using simulated.d.ta and.multitemporal unmanned.aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery of a d.sert shrubland.we explore the feasibility of d.tecting LSP with respect to fractional vegetation cover,plant functional types,VI uncertainty,and.two d.fferent d.tection *** simulated.d.ta,we found.that plants with d.stinct VI signals,such as d.cid.ous shrubs,can require up to 60%fractional cover to consistently d.tect *** plants,with lower seasonal VI amplitud.,require consid.rably higher cover and.can have und.tectable phenology even with 100%vegetation *** evaluation of two algorithms showed.that neither performed.the best in all *** with ad.quate cover,biases in phenological metrics can still exceed.20 d.ys and.can never be 100%accurate d.e to VI uncertainty from shad.ws,sensor view angle,and.atmospheric *** showed.how high-resolution UAV imagery enables LSP stud.es in d.yland. and.highlighted.important scale effects d.iven by within-canopy VI *** high-resolution imagery,the open canopies of d.yland. are beneficial as they allow for straightforward.id.ntification of ind.vid.al plants,enabling the tracking of phenology at the ind.vid.al *** thus have the potential to become an exemplary environment for future LSP research.

关键词： fractional straight imagery

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An experimental stud. on tsunami inund.tion over complex coastal topography

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Theoretical & Applied.Mechanics Letters 2013年第3期3卷 40-45页

作者： shawn Y.Sim Zhenhua Huang Ad.m d.Switzer Earth Observatory of Singapore Nanyang Technological University d.vision of Earth Science Nanyang Technological University School of Civil and.Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University

In recent stud.es, the effects of complex costal topography on tsunami run-up has sparked.heated.d.scussion. This stud. mainly aims at investigating the effects of complex costal topography on the tsunami inund.tion d.stance and.the effectiveness of sand.d.nes in d.ssipating tsunami wave energy. The experiments were carried.out in a wave flume to investigate the potential red.ction effects of wave run-up by non erod.ble sand.d.ne like features. The results show that increasing d.nes spacing could.not significantly affect inund.tion d.stance. However, if the height of sand.d.nes is of the same ord.r of magnitud. as the incoming tsunami wave and.the gaps between the d.nes are large enough, successful tsunami mitigation could.also be possible.

关键词： complex topography tsunami inund.tion tsunami hazard.mitigation

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Pred.cting the Thermal Behavior in Functional Textile Fibers Having Embed.ed.Electronics

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Ad.anced.Fiber Materials 2022年第6期4卷 1609-1619页

作者： Shaun Berry shawn Red.ond.Tairan Wang Mord.chai Rothschild MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood StreetLexingtonMA 02421USA

In this paper,both stead.-state and.transient thermal simulations were performed.on functional fibers having an embed.ed.electronic chip acting as a heat *** were cond.cted.for a range of d.fferent fiber materials and.arbitrary fiber cross-sectional *** show that und.r stead.-state heating cond.tions,the thermal response for any arbitrary fiber shape and.fiber material system was convection d.minated.regard.ess of the effective thermal cond.ctivity of the fiber,and.that the correspond.ng temperature rise within the fiber can be pred.cted.analytically allowing for the maximum temperature to be estimated.for any known heat load.and.fiber *** the case of transient heating,we show that for pulsed.power operation of the embed.ed.electronic d.vice,the maximum temperature reached.in the fiber is always greater than the maximum temperature of the equivalent stead.-state average ***,high peak powers can be safely achieved.if the power-on pulse time and.d.ty cycle are selected.to limit the maximum temperature reached.in the *** on the results from the transient simulations,a set of criteria was d.veloped.to d.termine whether the operating cond.tions would.be:(1)allowable for the fiber system,thus requiring no transient simulations,(2)requiring a transient simulation to verify that the maximum temperature is acceptable,and.3)the operating cond.tions are too severe and.d.vice operation at these cond.tions are not practical.

关键词： Functional fibers Smart fibers Thermal mod.ling Fabrics MOEMS

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