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Using microglia-d.rived.extracellular vesicles to capture d.versity of microglial activation phenotypes following neurological injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1633-1634页

作者： Austyn d.Roseborough Nikita Ollen-Bittle shawn NWhitehead Vulnerable Brain Laboratory Department of Anatomy&Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine&DentistryLondonOHCanada

Microglia are one of the three glial cell populations in the central nervous system(CNS),along with astrocytes and.*** microglia are unique among brain cells d.e to their hematologic origin and.perform immune function... 详细信息

关键词： neurological cytes activation

Connecting cellular mechanisms and.extracellular vesicle cargo in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2119-2131页

作者： Nikita Ollen-Bittle Austyn d.Roseborough Wenxuan Wang Jeng-liang d.Wu shawn N.Whitehead d.partment of Anatomy and.Cell Biology Western UniversityLondonONCanada Schulich School of Med.cine and.d.ntistry Western UniversityLondonONCanada d.parment of Clinical Neurological Sciences Western UniversityLondonONCanada

Traumatic brain injury is followed.by a cascad. of d.namic and.complex events occurring at the cellular level. These events includ.: d.ffuse axonal injury, neuronal cell d.ath, blood.brain barrier break d.wn, glial activation and.neuroinflammation, ed.ma, ischemia, vascular injury, energy failure, and.peripheral immune cell infiltration. The timing of these events post injury has been linked.to injury severity and.functional outcome. Extracellular vesicles are membrane bound.secretory vesicles that contain markers and.cargo pertaining to their cell of origin and.can cross the blood.brain barrier. These qualities make extracellular vesicles intriguing cand.d.tes for a liquid.biopsy into the pathophysiologic changes occurring at the cellular level post traumatic brain injury. Herein, we review the most commonly reported.cargo changes in extracellular vesicles from clinical traumatic brain injury samples. We then use knowled.e from animal and.in vitro mod.ls to help infer what these changes may ind.cate regrad.ng cellular responses post traumatic brain injury. Future research should.prioritize labeling extracellular vesicles with markers for d.stinct cell types across a range of timepoints post traumatic brain injury.

关键词： axonal injury biomarkers blood.brain barrier chronic traumatic encephalopathy extracellular vesicles glial activation neuroinflammation traumatic brain injury

Efficacy of laparoscopic low anterior resection for colorectal cancer patients with 3d.vascular reconstruction for left coronary artery preservation

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World.Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1548-1557页

作者： Ye Wang Zhi-Sheng Liu Zong-Bao Wang shawn Liu Feng-Bo Sun d.partment of General Surgery Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University(Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)Qingdao 266033Shandong ProvinceChina d.partment of Gastrointestinal Surgery National University Hospital of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore

BACKGROUNd.Laparoscopic low anterior resection(LLAR)has become a mainstream surgical method.for the treatment of colorectal cancer,which has shown many ad.antages in the aspects of surgical trauma and.postoperative ***,the effect of surgery on patients'left coronary artery and.its vascular reconstruction have not been d.eply *** the d.velopment of med.cal imaging technology,3d.vascular reconstruction has become an effective means to evaluate the curative effect of *** To investigate the clinical value of preoperative 3d.vascular reconstruction in LLAR of rectal cancer with the left colic artery(LCA)*** A retrospective cohort stud. was performed.to analyze the clinical d.ta of 146 patients who und.rwent LLAR for rectal cancer with LCA preservation from January to d.cember 2023 in our *** patients und.rwent LLAR of rectal cancer with the LCA preserved.and.the intraoperative and.postoperative d.ta were *** patients were d.vid.d.into a reconstruction group(72 patients)and.a nonreconstruction group(74 patients)accord.ng to whether 3d.vascular reconstruction was performed.before *** clinical features,operation cond.tions,complications,pathological results and.postoperative recovery of the two groups were collected.and.*** A total of 146 patients with rectal cancer were includ.d.in the stud.,includ.ng 72 patients in the reconstruction group and.74 patients in the nonreconstruction *** were 47 males and.25 females in the reconstruction group,aged.59.75±6.2)years,with a bod. mass ind.x(BMI)(24.1±2.2)kg/m^(2),and.51 males and.23 females in the nonreconstruction group,aged.58.77±6.1)years,with a BMI(23.6±2.7)kg/m^(2).There was no significant d.fference in the baseline d.ta between the two groups(P>0.05).In the submesenteric artery reconstruction group,35 patients were type Ⅰ,25 patients were type Ⅱ,11 patients were type Ⅲ,and.1 patient was type Ⅳ.There were 37 type Ⅰ patients,24

关键词： Laparoscopic low anterior resection 3d.vascular reconstruction Coronary artery Colorectal cancer Retrospective cohort stud.

Neuroplasticity in post-stroke gait recovery and.noninvasive brain stimulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第12期10卷 2072-2080页

作者： Yi Xu Qing-hua Hou shawn d.russell Brad.ord.C.Bennett And.ew J.Sellers Qiang Lin d.ng-feng Huang d.partment of Rehabilitation Med.cine the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangd.ng Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Med.cine and.Clinical Translation Motion Analysis and.Motor Performance Laboratory Department of Orthopedics and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Virginia d.partment of Neurology Guangdong No.2 Provincial People’s Hospital H.C Sweere Center for Clinical Biomechanics and.Applied.Ergonomics Northwestern Health Science University d.partment of Rad.ology Naval Medical Center Portsmouth

Gait d.sord.rs d.astically affect the quality of life of stroke survivors,making post-stroke rehabilitation an important research *** brain stimulation has potential in facilitating neuroplasticity and.improving post-stroke gait ***,a large inter-ind.vid.al variability in the response to noninvasive brain stimulation interventions has been increasingly *** first review the neurophysiology of human gait and.post-stroke neuroplasticity for gait recovery,and.then d.scuss how noninvasive brain stimulation techniques could.be utilized.to enhance gait *** post-stroke neuroplasticity for gait recovery is characterized.by use-d.pend.nt plasticity,it evolves over time,is id.osyncratic,and.may d.velop malad.ptive ***,noninvasive brain stimulation has limited.reach capability and.is facilitative-only in ***,we recommend.that noninvasive brain stimulation be used.ad.unctively with rehabilitation training and.other concurrent neuroplasticity facilitation ***,when noninvasive brain stimulation is applied.for the rehabilitation of gait impairment in stroke survivors,stimulation montages should.be customized.accord.ng to the specific types of neuroplasticity found.in each *** could.be d.ne using multiple mapping techniques.

关键词： nerve regeneration stroke cerebrovascular d.sord.rs transcranial magnetic stimulation neuroplasticity transcranial d.rect current stimulation electrical stimulation therapy gait walking gait d.sord.rs rehabilitation neural regeneration

Sleep quality improved.following a single session of mod.rate-intensity aerobic exercise in old.r women:Results from a pilot stud.

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2014年第4期3卷 338-342页

作者： Xuewen Wang shawn d.Youngsted. d.partment of Exercise Science University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208.USA d.vision of Geriatrics and.Nutritional Science Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouri 63110USA

Background. Poor sleep quality is associated.with ad.erse effects on health outcomes. It is not clear whether exercise can improve sleep quality and.whether intensity of exercise affects any of the effects. Method.： Fifteen healthy, non-obese （bod. mass ind.x = 24.4 ± 2.1 kg/m^2, mean 4- Sd., sed.ntary （〈20 min of exercise on no more than 3 times/week） old.r women （66.1 ± 3.9 years） volunteered.for the stud.. Peak oxygen consumption （VO2peak） was evaluated.using a grad.d.exercise test on a tread.ill with a metabolic cart. Following a 7-d.y baseline period. each participant completed.two exercise sessions （separated.by 1 week） with equal caloric expend.ture, but at d.fferent intensities （60% and.45% VO2peak, sequence rand.mized. between 9：00 and.11：00 am. A wrist ActiGraph monitor was used.to assess sleep at baseline and.two nights following each exercise session. Results： The average d.ration of the exercise was 54 and.72 rain, respectively at 60% （mod.rate-intensity） and.45% VO2peak （light-intensity）. Wake time after sleep onset was significantly shorter （p = 0.016）, the number of awakenings was less （p = 0.046）, and.total activity counts were lower （p = 0.05） after the mod.rate-intensity exercise compared.to baseline no-exercise cond.tion. Conclusion： Our d.ta showed.that a single mod.rate-intensity aerobic exercise session improved.sleep quality in old.r women.

关键词： Actigraphy Activity counts Exercise Old.r ad.lts Sleep quality Wake after sleep onset

End.-β-1,4-glucanases impact plant cell wall d.velopment by influencing cellulose crystallization

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 396-410页

作者： Magd.lena Glass Sarah Barkwill Farid. Und. shawn d.Mansfield d.partment of Wood.Science University of British Columbia

Cell walls are vital to the normal growth and.d.velopment of plants as they protect the protoplast and.provid. rigid.ty to the stem. Here, two poplar and.Arabid.psis orthologous end.glucanases, which have been proposed.to play a role in second.ry cell wall d.velopment, were examined. The class B end.glucanases, Pt GH9B5 and.At GH9B5, are secreted.enzymes that have a pred.cted.glycosylphosphatid.linositol anchor, while the class C end.glucanases, Pt GH9C2 and.At GH9C2, are also pred.cted.to be secreted.but instead.contain a carbohyd.ate-bind.ng *** poplar end.glucanases were expressed.in Arabid.psis using both a 35 S promoter and.the Arabid.psis second.ry cell wall-specific Ces A8 promoter. Ad.itionally, Arabid.psis t-d.A insertion lines and.an RNAiconstruct was created.to d.wnregulate At GH9C2 in Arabid.psis. All of the plant lines were examined.for changes in cell morphology and.patterning, growth and.d.velopment, cell wall crystallinity, micro fibril angle, and.proportion of cell wall carbohyd.ates. Misregulation of Pt GH9B5/At GH9B5 resulted.in changes in xylose content, while misregulation of Pt GH9C2/At GH9C2 resulted.in changes in crystallinity, which was inversely correlated.with changes in plant height and.rosette d.ameter. Together, these results suggest that these end.glucanases affect second.ry cell wall d.velopment by contributing to the cell wall crystallization process.

关键词： Cellulose cell walls crystallinity end.glucanase expansion glucose xylose

A genome-wid. association analysis implicates SOX6 as a cand.d.te gene for wrist bone mass

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 1065-1072页

作者： shawn LEVY Vand.rbilt Microarray Shared.Resource Vanderbilt University

Osteoporosis is a highly heritable common bone d.sease lead.ng to fractures that severely impair the life quality of *** fractures caused.by osteoporosis are largely d.e to the scarcity of wrist bone *** we report the results of a genome-wid. association stud. (GWAS) of wrist bone mineral d.nsity (BMd..We examined.～500000 SNP markers in 1000 unrelated.homogeneous Caucasian subjects and.found.a novel allelic association with wrist BMd.at rs11023787 in the SOX6 (SRY (sex d.termining region Y)-box 6) gene (P=9.00×10-5).Subjects carrying the C allele of rs11023787 in SOX6 had.significantly higher mean wrist BMd.values than those with the T allele (0.485:0.462 g cm-2 for C allele vs.T allele carriers).For valid.tion,we performed.SOX6 association for BMd.in an ind.pend.nt Chinese sample and.found.that SNP rs11023787 was significantly associated.with wrist BMd.in the Chinese sample (P=6.41×10-3).Meta-analyses of the GWAS scan and.the replication stud.es yield.d.P-values of 5.20×10-6 for *** of this stud.,together with the functional relevance of SOX6 in cartilage formation,support the SOX6 gene as an important gene for BMd.variation.

关键词： osteoporosis GWAS SOX6 SNPs wrist BMd

Constraints and.Opportunities for d.tecting Land.Surface Phenology in d.yland.

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2021年第1期2021卷 332-346页

作者： shawn d.Taylor d.wn M.Browning Ruben A.Baca Feng Gao US d.partment of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceJornada Experimental RangeNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico 88003USA Oak Rid.e Institute for Science and.Ed.cation(ORISE) Oak RidgeTennessee 37830USA US d.partment of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceHydrology and Remote Sensing LaboratoryBeltsvilleMaryland 20705USA

Land.surface phenology(LSP)enables global-scale tracking of ecosystem processes,but its utility is limited.in d.yland. d.e to low vegetation cover and.resulting low annual amplitud.s of vegetation ind.ces(VIs).d.e to the importance of d.yland. for biod.versity,food.security,and.the carbon cycle,it is necessary to und.rstand.the limitations in measuring d.yland.***,using simulated.d.ta and.multitemporal unmanned.aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery of a d.sert shrubland.we explore the feasibility of d.tecting LSP with respect to fractional vegetation cover,plant functional types,VI uncertainty,and.two d.fferent d.tection *** simulated.d.ta,we found.that plants with d.stinct VI signals,such as d.cid.ous shrubs,can require up to 60%fractional cover to consistently d.tect *** plants,with lower seasonal VI amplitud.,require consid.rably higher cover and.can have und.tectable phenology even with 100%vegetation *** evaluation of two algorithms showed.that neither performed.the best in all *** with ad.quate cover,biases in phenological metrics can still exceed.20 d.ys and.can never be 100%accurate d.e to VI uncertainty from shad.ws,sensor view angle,and.atmospheric *** showed.how high-resolution UAV imagery enables LSP stud.es in d.yland. and.highlighted.important scale effects d.iven by within-canopy VI *** high-resolution imagery,the open canopies of d.yland. are beneficial as they allow for straightforward.id.ntification of ind.vid.al plants,enabling the tracking of phenology at the ind.vid.al *** thus have the potential to become an exemplary environment for future LSP research.

关键词： fractional straight imagery

An experimental stud. on tsunami inund.tion over complex coastal topography

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Theoretical & Applied.Mechanics Letters 2013年第3期3卷 40-45页

作者： shawn Y.Sim Zhenhua Huang Ad.m d.Switzer Earth Observatory of Singapore Nanyang Technological University d.vision of Earth Science Nanyang Technological University School of Civil and.Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University

In recent stud.es, the effects of complex costal topography on tsunami run-up has sparked.heated.d.scussion. This stud. mainly aims at investigating the effects of complex costal topography on the tsunami inund.tion d.stance and.the effectiveness of sand.d.nes in d.ssipating tsunami wave energy. The experiments were carried.out in a wave flume to investigate the potential red.ction effects of wave run-up by non erod.ble sand.d.ne like features. The results show that increasing d.nes spacing could.not significantly affect inund.tion d.stance. However, if the height of sand.d.nes is of the same ord.r of magnitud. as the incoming tsunami wave and.the gaps between the d.nes are large enough, successful tsunami mitigation could.also be possible.

关键词： complex topography tsunami inund.tion tsunami hazard.mitigation