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PERFORMANCE OF SUSTAINABLE BUIL DINGS IN COLDER CLIMATES

Journal of Green Building 2016年第4期11卷 131-153页

作者： Mark Gorgolewski Craig Brown Anne-Mareike Chu Adrian Turcato Karen Bartlett Ghazal Ebrahimi Murray Hodgson shauna mallory-hill Mohamed Ouf Leila Scannell Ryerson University University of British Columbia University of Manitoba

Building performance evaluations(BPEs)were carried out for nine Canadian green buildings using a standardised assessment *** aim was to explore and measure the discrepancies between the operational performance of the buildings and their predicted performance,as well as to identify lessons for their owners,design teams and the construction *** objective of this paper is not to report individual buildings in detail(we refer the reader to the individual building reports)but to report on some general lessons that came from doing this *** these buildings performed well compared to ***,the findings suggest that occupancy is not well understood and often incorrectly predicted during design,and that this affects various aspects of performance,including energy and water *** energy and water use modelling is often undertaken principally for building code/green rating compliance purposes and does not necessarily represent an accurate prediction of likely operational *** with variations in occupancy this can lead to considerable discrepancies in performance from the modelled *** may be understood by experts but is often misleading to building owners and *** use is often not well predicted and also not carefully managed in buildings and there is a lack of understanding of what constitutes good water ***,it is important to recognise that each building has its own individual“story”that provides necessary context for effective management and improvement of the building during its ongoing *** is proposed that a BPE process allows that context to be better understood,and enables more effective decision making about building management,improvements,occupant satisfaction,energy use,etc.

关键词： building performance evaluation post occupancy evaluation indoor environment building energy use

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Classifying Cognitive Decline in Older Drivers from Behavior on Adverse Roads Detected Using Computer Vision

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2025年第1期15卷 135-154页

作者： Md Zahid Hasan Guillermo Basulto-Elias shauna Hallmark Jun Ha Chang Anuj Sharma Jeffrey D. Dawson Soumik Sarkar Matthew Rizzo Institute for Transportation Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA Department of Neurological Sciences University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA

As drivers age, roadway conditions may become more challenging, particularly when normal aging is coupled with cognitive decline. Driving during lower visibility conditions, such as inclement weather, is especially challenging for older drivers due to their sensitivity to glare and reduced visibility. As a result, older drivers may adjust their behavior during adverse weather. This paper explores the differential impacts of weather on older drivers with cognitive decline compared to older drivers with normal cognitive function. Data were from a naturalistic driving study of older drivers in Omaha, Nebraska. Driver speed and weather data were extracted and the correlation between speed compliance, road weather conditions, and the cognitive/neurological status of the drivers was examined. Speed compliance was used as the surrogate safety measure since driving at lower speeds can indicate that the driver is challenged by roadway or environmental conditions and can therefore indicate a risk. The percentage of time during a trip when drivers were 16.1 kph under the speed limit was modeled as the dependent variable using beta regression. The variables that resulted in the best fit model were mild cognitive impairment (MCI), age group, traffic density, and weather. Results indicated that the youngest group of older drivers (young-old) spent less time driving at impeding speeds and had the least variability compared to the other two age groups. The middle group of older drivers (middle-old) had the highest amount of time driving at impeding speeds and had more variability than young-old drivers. The oldest group of older drivers (old-old) were the most likely to drive at impeding speeds and had the most variability. In general, older drivers were more likely to drive at impeding speeds during peak hours than during non-peak hours. Additionally, in most cases, older drivers spent less time below the speed limit when the weather was clear than in adverse conditions. Results i

关键词： Traffic Safety Older Driver Cognitive Impairment Machine Learning Speed

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Heterotrophic ammonium removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium, Providencia rettgeri YL

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1336-1341页

作者： TAYLOR shauna M School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Bacterium Providencia rettgeri YL was found to exhibit an unusual ability to heterotrophically nitrify and aerobically denitrify various concentrations of ammonium （NH4^＋-N）. In order to further understand its removal ability, several experiments were conducted to identify the growth and ammonium removal response at different carbon to nitrogen （C/N） mass ratios, shaking speeds, temperatures, ammonium concentrations and to qualitatively verify the production of nitrogen gas using gas chromatography techniques. Results showed that under optimum conditions （C/N 10, 30℃, 120 r/min）, YL can significantly remove low and high concentrations of ammonium within 12 to 48 h of growth, respectively. The nitrification products hydroxylamine （NHzOH）, nitrite （NO2^-） and nitrate （NO3^-） as well as the denitrification product, nitrogen gas （N2）, were detected under completely aerobic conditions.

关键词： Providencia rettgeri YL heterotrophic ammonium removal aerobic denitrification

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An Arabidopsis Lipid Flippase Is Required for Timely Recruitment of Defenses to the Host- Pathogen Interface at the Plant Cell Surface

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Molecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 805-820页

作者： William Underwood Andrew Ryan shauna C. Somerville Energy Biosciences Institute Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA USDA-ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit Fargo ND 58102-2765 USA Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego CA 92161 USA

Deposition of cell wall-reinforcing papillae is an integral component of the plant immune response. TheArabidopsis PENETRATION 3 （PEN3） ATP binding cassette （ABC） transporter plays a role in defense against numerous pathogens and is recruited to sites of pathogen detection where it accumulates within papillae. However, the trafficking pathways and regulatory mechanisms contributing to recruitment of PEN3 and other defenses to the host-pathogen interface are poorly understood. Here, we report a confocal microscopy-based screen to identify mutants with altered localization of PEN3-GFP after inoculation with powdery mildew fungi. We identified a mutant, aberrant localization of PEN3 3 （alp3）, displaying accumulation of the normally plasma membrane （PM）-Iocalized PEN3-GFP in endomembrane compartments. The mutant was found to be disrupted in the P4-ATPase AMINOPHOSPHOLIPID ATPASE 3 （ALA3）, a lipid flippase that plays a critical role in vesicle formation. We provide evidence that PEN3 undergoes continuous endocytic cycling from the PM to the trans-Golgi network （TGN）. In alp3, PEN3 accumulates in the TGN, causing delays in recruitment to the host-pathogen interface. Our results indicate that PEN3 and other defense proteins continuously cycle through the TGN and that timely exit of these proteins from the TGN is critical for effective pre-invasive immune responses against powdery mildews.

关键词： plant-microbe interactions defense responses protein traffic and secretion macromolecular trafficking papilla ABC transporter

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Network Analysis Reveals A Signaling RegulatoryLoop in PIK3CA-mutated Breast Cancer Predicting Survival Outcome

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第2期15卷 121-129页

作者： shauna R. McGee Chabane Tibiche Mark Trifiro Edwin Wang National Research Council Canada Montreal QC H4P 2R2 Canada Department of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B2 Canada Center for Bioinformatics McGill University Montreal QC H3G OB1 Canada Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital Montreal QC H3T 1E2 Canada Center for Health Genomics and Informatics Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology/Medical Genetics/Oncology University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada O'Brien Institute for Public Health Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada

Mutated genes are rarely common even in the same pathological type between cancer patients and as such, it has been very challenging to interpret genome sequencing data and difficult to predict clinical outcomes. PIK3 CA is one of a few genes whose mutations are relatively popular in tumors. For example, more than 46.6% of luminal-A breast cancer samples have PIK3 CA mutated, whereas only 35.5% of all breast cancer samples contain PIK3 CA mutations. To understand the function of PIK3 CA mutations in luminal A breast cancer, we applied our recentlyproposed Cancer Hallmark Network Framework to investigate the network motifs in the PIK3CA-mutated luminal A tumors. We found that more than 70% of the PIK3CA-mutated luminal A tumors contain a positive regulatory loop where a master regulator(PDGF-D), a second regulator(FLT1) and an output node(SHC1) work together. Importantly, we found the luminal A breast cancer patients harboring the PIK3 CA mutation and this positive regulatory loop in their tumors have significantly longer survival than those harboring PIK3 CA mutation only in their tumors. These findings suggest that the underlying molecular mechanism of PIK3 CA mutations in luminal A patients can participate in a positive regulatory loop, and furthermore the positive regulatory loop(PDGF-D/FLT1/SHC1) has a predictive power for the survival of the PIK3 CAmutated luminal A patients.

关键词： Network analysis PIK3CA mutation Network motif Breast cancer Genome sequencing Survival

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Skeletal muscle activity and CNS neuro-plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 69-70页

作者： Rachel Zhorne shauna Dudley-Javoroski Richard K.Shields Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa

The systemic health benefits of regular skeletal muscle activity are well *** skeletal muscle activity is associated with an improved systemic metabolic state,reduced incidence of diabetes and obesity,and improved function with *** these known systemic benefits,many healthy people do not meet the recommended daily dose of skeletal muscle activity（exercise）needed to prevent systemic metabolic disease,leading to an in-creased prevalence of obesity.

关键词： plasticity skeletal obesity exercise benefits incidence stimulation likely peroxisome neuronal

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Survival outcomes in early-onset oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients:A systematic review and meta-analyses

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第38期30卷 4221-4231页

作者： Ashleigh Russell shauna Mitchell Richard C Turkington Helen G Coleman Centre for Public Health Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT126BAUnited Kingdom Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)has been reported to be increasing in many *** this trend,an increase in incidence of early-onset OAC,defined as OAC in adults aged under 50 years,has been *** is unclear whether survival outcomes for early-onset OAC patients differ from older age *** To investigate survival outcomes in early-onset OAC *** Ovid Medline and Embase were searched from inception to January 2022 for relevant studies relating to early-onset OAC and survival *** regarding the overall five-year survival and risk of death of younger and older patients with OAC were extracted and pooled using meta-analyses to produce pooled estimates and 95%CIs where *** Eleven studies which compared survival of early-onset OAC,defined as age at diagnosis of<50 years,with older patients were included.A narrative review of median and mean survival demonstrated conflicting results,with studies showing early-onset OAC patients having both better and worse outcomes compared to older age groups.A meta-analysis of five-year survival demonstrated similar outcomes across age groups,with 22%-25%of patients in the young,middle and older age groups alive after five years.A meta-analysis of four studies demon-strated that early-onset OAC patients did not have a significantly increased risk of death compared to middle-aged patients(hazard ratio 1.12,95%CI:0.85-1.47).INTRODUCTION There is concern that the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)in patients under 50,described as early-onset OAC,is ***,data regarding survival of younger patients with OAC is ***,while increasing age remains a major non-modifiable risk factor for cancer,the incidence of early-onset cancers,largely accepted to be in adults aged under 50 years,is increasing[1].This includes an observed increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies such as colorectal,oesophageal,gastric and he

关键词： Early-onset cancer Early-onset oesophageal adenocarcinoma Survival Cancer epidemiology Systematic review Meta-analysis

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Patient perceptions of stool DNA testing for pan-digestive cancer screening:A survey questionnaire

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 4972-4979页

作者： Dennis Yang shauna L hillman Ann M Harris Pamela S Sinicrope Mary E Devens David A Ahlquist Department of Internal Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55902United States Division of Biostatistics Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55902United States Survey Research Center Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55902United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55902United States

AIM: To explore patient interest in a potential multi-organ stool-DNA test (MUST) for pan-digestive cancer screening.

关键词： Stool-DNA testing Colorectal cancer screening Gastrointestinal cancer screening Patient perceptions

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Comparison of In-Use Operating Costs of Hybrid-Electric and Conventional School Buses

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2012年第2期2卷 158-164页

作者： shauna Hallmark Robert Sperry Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University Ames USA

Hybrid-electric school buses became available in the US through a national consortium designed to bring hybrid-electric school buses to market by creating enough demand among school districts to encourage manufacturers to invest in development of the technology. A number of school districts in the US joined the HESB project to purchase plug-in hybrid-electric school buses. Sixteen hybrid-electric school buses were purchased and piloted in 11 states. Two of the hybrid-electric school buses were purchased by the Nevada and Sigourney school districts in the state of Iowa, US. In-use fuel economy and electricity operating costs were monitored for the two Iowa hybrid school buses and two control buses (one in each district). Fuel consumption and other operational metrics were calculated and compared for each school district. The hybrid buses were deployed in January 2008 and data were recorded through May 2010. Valuation of the data indicated that the Nevada HESB had 29.6% better fuel economy than the control bus and the Sigourney HESB had 39.2% better fuel economy than the control bus. Electrical costs per mile were also calculated for the two hybrid-electric school buses. Total operating costs per mile were calculated based on fuel use per mile for all buses and electrical costs for the hybrid-electric school buses. The cost to operate the hybrid bus in Nevada was 37 cents/mile while the control bus cost 42 cents/mile, making the hybrid bus 13% less expensive to operate. The hybrid bus in Sigourney was 27 cents/mile while the control bus was 34 cents/mile, making the hybrid bus 21% less expensive to operate. All values are in US dollars.

关键词： Hybrid Vehicles Fuel Consumption School Bus Energy

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Evaluation of Transverse Markings as a Speed Transition Zone Countermeasures in Small, Rural Communities

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2021年第1期11卷 61-77页

作者： shauna Hallmark Neal Hawkins Skylar Knickerbocker Institute for Transportation at Iowa State University Ames USA

Small rural communities located along major state or county roadways typically find most of the traffic along their main thoroughfares is pass-through rather than local traffic. Unfortunately, drivers passing through these communities often enter at high rates of speeds, which are often significantly higher than the speed limit of the local segment. Speed management in rural areas requires different considerations compared to urban areas and, within the US, rural speed management is not as advanced with little experience or guidance for agencies to draw on. This paper summarizes the results of a study that evaluated, in part, several different types of transverse pavement markings within the speed transition zones in small rural communities. Three different countermeasures were evaluated: converging chevrons, transverse lane markings, and optical speed bars.

关键词： Community Entrance Converging Chevrons Optical Speed Bars Pedestrian Safety Speed Transitions Traffic Calming Traffic Safety Speed Management

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