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An Unmitigated Disaster: Shifting from Response and Recovery to Mitigation for an Insurable Future

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第2期10卷 179-192页

作者： Eliza de Vet Christine Eriksen Kate Booth shaun french Australian Centre for Culture EnvironmentSociety andSpace(ACCESS)School of Geography and SustainableCommunitiesFaculty of Social SciencesUniversity ofWollongongWollongong NSW2522Australia Geography and Spatial Science University of TasmaniaHobart TAS7001Australia School of Geography Faculty of Social SciencesUniversityof NottinghamNottingham NG72RDEngland

Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critically examines the call for a shift in funding priority towards pre-disaster mitigation measures, in the context of growing concerns around the ability of households to access and afford insurance. It examines mitigation measures in the context of three prominent Australian disasters: the Black Saturday bushfires(Victoria, 2009), the Queensland floods(2010–2011), and Cyclone Yasi(Queensland, 2011). We argue that as a mode of disaster security, mitigation operates as a complex assemblage of logics and practices of protection, preparedness, and resilience, which problematizes simplistic protection/resilience binaries. On the one hand, mitigation serves as a mode of protection, which underscores the dominant maladaptive rationality of insurance. It promises a collective solution to uninsurability that is limited by government fiscal constraints and growing employment of risk-reflective insurance *** the other hand, there is evidence of an emergent rationality of household insurance as a path to resilience and preparedness—for example, in the development of insurance systems that price household retrofitting technologies and in the development of policyholder education campaigns. This resilience rationality holds the promise of securing individuals previously excluded from ***, for householders lacking the necessary physical,cognitive, and financial capacities to make themselves and their properties resilient, the transition to a pre-disaster mitigation mode of security will likely do little to alleviate disadvantage and marginalization.

关键词： Australia Disaster mitigation Household insurance Household marginalization Household resilience Natural hazards

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Comparison of trigeminal lateralization with differing stimulants

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 66-69页

作者： Tiffany Chen Nicolas S.Poupore Michael C.Shih Thomas S.Edwards shaun A.Nguyen Zachary M.Soler Rodney J.Schlosser Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Trigeminal-specific stimulants have been shown to activate different receptors preferentially and this likely accounts for variation in sensory *** is unclear whether trigeminal sensitivity is similar across different transient receptor potential(TRP)receptors or if dysfunction of different receptors results in differing patient ***,a prospective cohort study was conducted,consisting of trigeminal lateralization testing with three different stimulants(eucalyptol,isothiocyanate,acetic acid),olfaction testing with Sniffin'Sticks,and measurement of various patient‐reported outcome measures(PROMs).A total of 50 participants were enrolled across the olfactory *** TDI score was 27.1±8.3(range 7.0–39.5)with 38%normosmic and 62%*** trigeminal lateralization scores out of 20 in the overall cohort were 16.18(2.78)for eucalyptol,14.94(3.49)for mustard oil,and 15.28(3.68)for *** showed a significant correlation with threshold scores of Sniffin'Sticks.A significant correlation was found between acetic acid and various *** of the lateralization scores of the trigeminal stimulants correlated to each other significantly and there was no correlation to *** lack of correlation suggests that the measured sensitivity of one type of TRP receptor may not translate to similar sensitivity of the other *** investigations with TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists are needed to corroborate our findings.

关键词： chemosensory olfaction trigeminal TRP receptor

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Deforestation in Latin America in the 2000s predominantly occurred outside of typical mature forests

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 88-98页

作者： Zhiyu Zhang Wenjian Ni shaun Quegan Jingming Chen Peng Gong Luiz Carlos Estraviz Rodriguez Huadong Guo Jiancheng Shi Liangyun Liu Zengyuan Li Yating He Qinhuo Liu Yosio Shimabukuro Guoqing Sun Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Chinal of Mathematics and Statistics University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G3Canada Department of Earth Sciences and Department of Geography University of Hong KongHong KongChina Forest Science Department Luiz de Queiroz College of AgricultureUniversity of São PauloAv.Pádua Dias11Piracicaba 13418-900Brazil National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Research Institute of Forest Policy and Information Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Remote Sensing Department National Institute for Space Research(INPE)Av.dos Astronautas 1758São Josédos Campos 12227-010Brazil Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

The role of tropical forests in the global carbon budget remains controversial,as carbon emissions from deforestation are highly *** high uncertainty arises from the use of either fixed forest carbon stock density or maps generated from satellite-based optical reflectance with limited sensitivity to biomass to generate accurate estimates of emissions from *** space missions aiming to accurately map the carbon stock density rely on direct measurements of the spatial structures of forests using lidar and *** found that lost forests are special cases,and their spatial structures can be directly measured by combining archived data acquired before and after deforestation by space missions principally aimed at measuring ***,using biomass mapping,we obtained new estimates of carbon loss from deforestation ahead of forthcoming space ***,using a high-resolution map of forest loss and the synergy of radar and lidar to estimate the aboveground biomass density of forests,we found that deforestation in the 2000s in Latin America,one of the severely deforested regions,mainly occurred in forests with a significantly lower carbon stock density than typical mature forests.

关键词： forest Latin lidar

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Predicting the Thermal Behavior in Functional Textile Fibers Having Embedded Electronics

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第6期4卷 1609-1619页

作者： shaun Berry Shawn Redmond Tairan Wang Mordechai Rothschild MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood StreetLexingtonMA 02421USA

In this paper,both steady-state and transient thermal simulations were performed on functional fibers having an embedded electronic chip acting as a heat *** were conducted for a range of different fiber materials and arbitrary fiber cross-sectional *** show that under steady-state heating conditions,the thermal response for any arbitrary fiber shape and fiber material system was convection dominated regardless of the effective thermal conductivity of the fiber,and that the corresponding temperature rise within the fiber can be predicted analytically allowing for the maximum temperature to be estimated for any known heat load and fiber *** the case of transient heating,we show that for pulsed power operation of the embedded electronic device,the maximum temperature reached in the fiber is always greater than the maximum temperature of the equivalent steady-state average ***,high peak powers can be safely achieved if the power-on pulse time and duty cycle are selected to limit the maximum temperature reached in the *** on the results from the transient simulations,a set of criteria was developed to determine whether the operating conditions would be:(1)allowable for the fiber system,thus requiring no transient simulations,(2)requiring a transient simulation to verify that the maximum temperature is acceptable,and(3)the operating conditions are too severe and device operation at these conditions are not practical.

关键词： Functional fibers Smart fibers Thermal modeling Fabrics MOEMS

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Lattice strain suppresses point defect formation in halide perovskites

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5746-5751页

作者： Caner Deger shaun Tan K.N.Houk Yang Yang Ilhan Yavuz Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA Department of Physics Marmara UniversityZiverbeyIstanbul 34722Turkey Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA

We computationally investigate the impact of crystal strain on the formation of native point defects likely to be formed in halide perovskites;A-site cation antisite(I_(A)),Pb antisite(I_(Pb)),A-site cation vacany(V_(A)),I vacancy(V_(I)),Pb vacancy(V_(Pb)),and I interstitial(I_(i)).We systematically identify compressive and tensile strain to CsPbI_(3),FAPbI_(3),and MAPbI_(3)perovskite *** observe that while each type of defect has a unique behaviour,overall,the defect formation in FAPbI3 is much more sensitive to the *** compressive strain can enhance the formation energy of neutral I_(Pb)and I_(i)up to 15%for FAPbI_(3),depending on the growth *** show that the strain not only controls the formation of defects but also their transition levels in the band gap:A deep level can be transformed into a shallow level by the *** anticipate that tailoring the lattice strain can be used as a defect passivation mechanism for future studies.

关键词： perovskite solar cells halide perovskites defect formation lattice strain

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Analysis of temperature distribution in PV-integrated electrochemical flow cells

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Materials Futures 2023年第4期2卷 137-144页

作者： Dorian Santander shaun Whitley Jungmyung Kim Dowon Bae Institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering(IMPEE)School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH144ASUnited Kingdom Ecole nationale supérieure d’électricitéet de mécanique de Nancy Vandoeuvre-lès-NancyFrance AECOM EdinburghEH35DAUnitedKingdom

Photovoltaic(PV)-integrated flow cells for electrochemical energy conversion and storage underwent a huge *** advantages of this type of integrated flow cell system include the simultaneous storage of solar energy into chemicals that can be readily utilized for generating ***,most studies overlook the practical challenges arising from the inherent heat exposure and consequent overheating of the reactor under the *** work aims to predict the temperature profiles across PV-integrated electrochemical flow cells under light exposure conditions by introducing a computational fluid dynamics–based ***,we discuss the effects of the flow channel block architecture on the temperature profile to provide insights and guidelines for the effective remedy of overheating.

关键词： solar redox flow battery CFD redox flow cell energy conversion temperature profile

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Comparison of sublingual microcirculatory parameters measured by sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy in anesthetized pigs and adult humans

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2023年第5期6卷 499-503页

作者： Raushan Lala Ryan Homes shaun Pratt Wendy Goodwin Mark Midwinter School of Biomedical Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQldAustralia School of Veterinary Sciences The University of QueenslandGattonQldAustralia Jamieson Trauma Institute Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQldAustralia Traumatic Injury Sciences Group The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQldAustralia

Background:This study aimed to compare sublingual microcirculatory parameters between anesthetized pigs and conscious adult humans using sidestream darkfield *** overarching aim of the work was to validate the pig as an experimental model of changes in microcirculatory function following traumatic haemorrhagic shock and ***:Fourteen large white pigs and 14 humans were recruited for the *** sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy clips were captured in anesthetized pigs and conscious *** underwent manual analysis in Automated Vascular Analysis 3.2 *** total vessel density(TVD),perfused vessel density(PVD),proportion of perfused vessels(PPVs)and microvascular flow index(MFI)were *** independent samples t test was used for between species comparison of microcirculatory *** and Conclusions:Conscious humans had a significantly lower TVD,PVD and MFI than anesthetized *** significant difference in PPVs was observed between the *** of the microcirculation is a critical determinant of tissue metabolic function and *** it may not be surprising that some inter species differences in the sublingual microcirculatory anatomy were identified between pig and human subjects,it is interesting to report the insignificant difference in *** direct microcirculatory measure represents a relative change which should hold translatable value across *** therefore conclude the pig is a suitable model for microcirculatory research and may be a suitable species to investigate changes in microcirculatory perfusion following perturbations in cardiovascular homeostasis,for example during traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.

关键词： comparative anatomy microcirculation sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy

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韧性全球化:全球化的新方向

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探索与争鸣 2024年第4期 4-29,177页

作者：薛晓源刘雪莲肖恩·布雷斯林徐信高(翻译) 顾嘉伟(校对) 庞中英贾克防刘兴华北京师范大学全球化与文化发展战略研究院吉林大学行政学院英国华威大学南开大学周恩来政府管理学院上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院四川大学经济学院

近年来,随着科技的不断进步、经济结构的深刻调整以及国际政治格局的变迁,全球化正在步入一个崭新的阶段。与此同时,全球化也面临着严峻挑战,气候变化、资源短缺等全球性问题日益严重,经济的不稳定性愈发凸显,贸易保护主义显著抬头,地... 详细信息

近年来,随着科技的不断进步、经济结构的深刻调整以及国际政治格局的变迁,全球化正在步入一个崭新的阶段。与此同时,全球化也面临着严峻挑战,气候变化、资源短缺等全球性问题日益严重,经济的不稳定性愈发凸显,贸易保护主义显著抬头,地缘政治冲突不断加剧。这些挑战不仅影响了全球化的可持续发展,也促使各国对全球化进行深刻的反思和调整。

关键词：贸易保护主义资源短缺国际政治格局可持续发展全球性问题气候变化不稳定性地缘政治冲突

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A framework for quantifying properties of 3-dimensional movement-based signals

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 327-336页

作者： shaun TD NEW Richard A PETERS ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science Division of EvolutionEcology & GeneticsResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National University

Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate descriptionof the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted to a single plane, measurementsfrom a single viewpoint can be used to consider a range of viewing positions based on simple geometric ***, considerations of signal properties from a range of viewing positions for movements extending into three-dimensions(3D) are more problematic. We present here a new framework that overcomes this limitation, and enables us to quantify the extentto which movement-based signals are view-specific. To illustrate its application, a Jacky lizard tail flick signal was filmed withsynchronized cameras and the position of the tail tip digitized for both recordings. Camera alignment enabled the construction ofa 3D display action pattern profile. We analyzed the profile directly and used it to create a detailed 3D animation. In the virtualenvironment, we were able to film the same signal from multiple viewing positions and using a computational motion analysisalgorithm (gradient detector model) to measure local image velocity in order to predict view dependent differences in signalproperties. This approach will enable consideration of a range of questions concerning movement-based signal design and evolutionthat were previously out of reach [Current Zoology 56 (3): 327-336, 2010].

关键词：信号特性三维运动框架量化几何计算属性依赖信息传输变动范围

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Early evolution of vertebrate photoreception: lessons from lampreys and lungfishes

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 87-98页

作者： shaun P.COLLIN Sensory Neurobiology Group School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia

Lampreys(Agnatha)and lungfish(Dipnoi)are representatives of the earliest and the intermediate stages in ver-tebrate evolution,respectively,and survived in the Cambrian(approximately 540 mA,lampreys)and Devonian(approximately 400 mA,lungfishes)*** unique phylogenetic position of these two groups presents us with an exciting opportunity to understand life in ancient times and to begin to trace the evolution of vision and photoreception in *** a multidisciplinary approach employing anatomical and molecular techniques,the evolution of photoreception is explored in these extant,living fossils to predict the environmental lighting conditions to which our vertebrate ancestors were *** to expectations,the retinae of the southern hemisphere lamprey(Geotria australis Gray,1851)and the Australian lungfish(Neoceratodus forsteri Krefft,1870)are far from“primitive,”each possessing five types of photoreceptors,many with spectral filters for tuning the *** ultrastructural analysis reveals that all five receptor types in *** are cone-like,whereas *** possesses four cone types and a single type of *** receptor type also contains a different visual pigment(opsin gene);that is,LWS,SWS1,SWS2,RhA and RhB in *** and LWS,SWS1,SWS2,Rh1 and Rh2 in ***,all of which are expressed within the retina and are sensitive to different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum,providing the potential for pentachromatic and tetrachromatic color vision,respectively.

关键词： color vision evolution fishes photoreceptors retina.

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