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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第1期7卷 184-198页

作者： Nicholas Steyn Audrey Lustig shaun c.hendy Rachelle N.Binny Michael J.Plank Department of Physics University of AucklandNew Zealand School of Mathematics and Statistics University of CanterburyNew Zealand Te Punaha Matatini Centre of Research Excellence in Complex SystemsNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua LincolnNew Zealand

We couple a simple model of quarantine and testing strategies for international travellers with a model for transmission of SARS-coV-2 in a partly vaccinated population.We use this model to estimate the risk of an infectious traveller causing a community outbreak under various border control strategies and different levels of vaccine coverage in the population.Results are calculated from N¼100,000 independent realisations of the stochastic model.We find that strategies that rely on home isolation are significantly higher risk than the current mandatory 14-day stay in government-managed isolation.Nevertheless,combinations of testing and home isolation can still reduce the risk of a community outbreak to around one outbreak per 100 infected travellers.We also find that,under some circumstances,using daily lateral flow tests or a combination of lateral flow tests and polymerase chain reaction(PcR)tests can reduce risk to a comparable or lower level than using PcR tests alone.combined with controls on the number of travellers from countries with high prevalence of cOVID-19,our results allow different options for managing the risk of cOVID-19 at the border to be compared.This can be used to inform strategies for relaxing border controls in a phased way,while limiting the risk of community outbreaks as vaccine coverage increases.

关键词： vaccine testing border

An assessment of the potential impact of the Omicron variant of SARS-coV-2 in Aotearoa New Zealand

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第2期7卷 94-105页

作者： Giorgia Vattiato Oliver Maclaren Audrey Lustig Rachelle N.Binny shaun c.hendy Michael J.Plank School of Mathematics and Statistics University of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand Department of Physics University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua LincolnNew Zealand Department of Engineering Science University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

New Zealand delayed the introduction of the Omicron variant of SARS-coV-2 into the community by the continued use of strict border controls through to January 2022.This allowed time for vaccination rates to increase and the roll out of third doses of the vaccine(boosters)to begin.It also meant more data on the characteristics of Omicron became available prior to the first cases of community transmission.Here we present a mathematical model of an Omicron epidemic,incorporating the effects of the booster roll out and waning of vaccine-induced immunity,and based on estimates of vaccine effectiveness and disease severity from international data.The model considers differing levels of immunity against infection,severe illness and death,and ignores waning of infection-induced immunity.This model was used to provide an assessment of the potential impact of an Omicron wave in the New Zealand population,which helped inform government preparedness and response.At the time the modelling was carried out,the date of introduction of Omicron into the New Zealand community was unknown.We therefore simulated outbreaks with different start dates,as well as investigating different levels of booster uptake.We found that an outbreak starting on 1 February or 1 March led to a lower health burden than an outbreak starting on 1 January because of increased booster coverage,particularly in older age groups.We also found that outbreaks starting later in the year led to worse health outcomes than an outbreak starting on 1 March.This is because waning immunity in older groups started to outweigh the increased protection from higher booster coverage in younger groups.For an outbreak starting on 1 February and with high booster uptake,the number of occupied hospital beds in the model peaked between 800 and 3,300 depending on assumed transmission rates.We conclude that combining an accelerated booster programme with public health measures to flatten the curve are key to avoid overwhelming the healthcare system.

关键词： cOVID-19 Epidemiological modelling Immunity Infectious diseases Public health Vaccination

comparison of trigeminal lateralization with differing stimulants

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 66-69页

作者： Tiffany chen Nicolas S.Poupore Michael c.Shih Thomas S.Edwards shaun A.Nguyen Zachary M.Soler Rodney J.Schlosser Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Trigeminal-specific stimulants have been shown to activate different receptors preferentially and this likely accounts for variation in sensory perception.It is unclear whether trigeminal sensitivity is similar across different transient receptor potential(TRP)receptors or if dysfunction of different receptors results in differing patient symptoms.Therefore,a prospective cohort study was conducted,consisting of trigeminal lateralization testing with three different stimulants(eucalyptol,isothiocyanate,acetic acid),olfaction testing with Sniffin'Sticks,and measurement of various patient‐reported outcome measures(PROMs).A total of 50 participants were enrolled across the olfactory spectrum.Mean TDI score was 27.1±8.3(range 7.0–39.5)with 38%normosmic and 62%dysosmic.Mean trigeminal lateralization scores out of 20 in the overall cohort were 16.18(2.78)for eucalyptol,14.94(3.49)for mustard oil,and 15.28(3.68)for vinegar.Eucalyptol showed a significant correlation with threshold scores of Sniffin'Sticks.A significant correlation was found between acetic acid and various PROMs.None of the lateralization scores of the trigeminal stimulants correlated to each other significantly and there was no correlation to age.The lack of correlation suggests that the measured sensitivity of one type of TRP receptor may not translate to similar sensitivity of the other receptors.Additional investigations with TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists are needed to corroborate our findings.

关键词： chemosensory olfaction trigeminal TRP receptor

Systematic Errors Induced by the Elliptical Power-law model in Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Lens Modeling

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第2期22卷 143-172页

作者： Xiaoyue cao Ran Li J.W.Nightingale Richard Massey Andrew Robertson carlos SFrenk Aristeidis Amvrosiadis Nicola cAmorisco Qiuhan He Amy Etherington shaun cole Kai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences20A Datun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100012China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute for computational cosmology Physics DepartmentDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH13LEUnited Kingdom

The elliptical power-law model of the mass in a galaxy is widely used in strong gravitational lensing analyses.However,the distribution of mass in real galaxies is more complex.We quantify the biases due to this model mismatch by simulating and then analyzing mock Hubble Space Telescope imaging of lenses with mass distributions inferred from SDSS-Ma NGA stellar dynamics data.We find accurate recovery of source galaxy morphology,except for a slight tendency to infer sources to be more compact than their true size.The Einstein radius of the lens is also robustly recovered with 0.1%accuracy,as is the global density slope,with 2.5%relative systematic error,compared to the 3.4%intrinsic dispersion.However,asymmetry in real lenses also leads to a spurious fitted"external shear"with typical strengthγext=0.015.Furthermore,time delays inferred from lens modeling without measurements of stellar dynamics are typically underestimated by~5%.Using such measurements from a sub-sample of 37 lenses would bias measurements of the Hubble constant H0 by~9%.Although this work is based on a particular set of Ma NGA galaxies,and the specific value of the detected biases may change for another set of strong lenses,our results strongly suggest the next generation cosmography needs to use more complex lens mass models.

关键词： galaxies:structure galaxies:halos gravitational lensing:strong

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chinese Journal of chemistry 2012年第1期30卷 77-83页

作者： EI-Sayed, Wael A. Ali, Omar M hendy, Hend A AbdeI-Rahman, Adel A.-H.t Department of Photochemistry National Research Centre Cairo Egypt chemistry Department Northern Border University Afar Saudi Arabia Department of chemistry Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El-Koam Egypt

一系列新 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole 和 1,2,4-triazole 衍生物被酸一种肺结核特效药的 heterocyclization 综合 1 和 thiosemicarbazide 衍生物 2。而且，非循环的 c-nucleoside 类似物被反应被他们的相应的糖 hydrazones ... 详细信息

关键词：硫脲衍生物三唑衍生物抗菌活性二取代恶二唑合成糖核苷类似物

Vertebrate pesticide risk assessment by indigenous communities in New Zealand

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 37-43页

作者： shaun c.OGILVIE James M.ATARIA James WAIWAI James DOHERTY Aroha MILLER James G.ROSS charles T.EASON Ecology Department Lincoln UniversityLincolnCanterburyNew Zealand Landcare Research LincolnCanterburyNew Zealand Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration Trust TuaiNew Zealand Tuhoe Tuawhenua Trust MuruparaNew Zealand

In New Zealand,the vertebrate pesticide sodium fluoroacetate(compound 1080)is aerially applied in baits for control of the brush-tailed possum Trichosurus vulpecula(Kerr,1792).Maori,the indigenous people of New Zealand,have raised concerns about 1080 impacts on culturally-important species.Here,we outline two steps taken to help Maori assess 1080 risk.First,field research was undertaken to determine if naturally-occurring plants utilized by a Maori community for food and medicine would take up 1080 from baits.Single baits were placed at the base of individual plants of two species,pikopiko(Asplenium bulbiferum)and karamuramu(coprosma robusta).Plants were sampled at various times up to 56 days,and samples were analyzed for 1080 content.No 1080 was detected in any of the pikopiko samples,whereas 1080 was detected in karamuramu,at a maximum concentration of 5 ppb after seven days,and 2.5 ppb after 14 days.This concentration decreased to 0 at 28 days,indicating that 1080 was not persistent.The results of the present study suggest there is negligible risk of humans being poisoned by consum-ing plants that have taken up 1080 from baits.To allay community concerns that minute concentrations of 1080 might influence the medicinal properties of plants,it is suggested that a withholding period of 30 days after 1080 control operations could be adopted.Second,after further consultation we undertook a review of the scientific literature relating to 1080 impacts on additional non-target species of cultural importance to Maori.The information was presented on an interactive foodweb database that allowed the collection and presentation of a large volume of complex information about 1080 in a holistic and pictorial fashion.This database was presented to many Maori communities throughout New Zealand,and feedback was overwhelmingly positive.The database is likely to play a key role in informing these communities about 1080,and is seen as an important new tool to help these communities make their own risk assessments.

关键词： 1080 indigenous communities Maori risk assessment sodium fluoroacetate

Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir with or without ribavirin in hepatitis c genotype 3 compensated cirrhosis:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第6期14卷 1248-1257页

作者： Jing Hong Loo Wen Xin Flora Xu Jun Teck Low Wei Xuan Tay Le shaun Ang Yew chong Tam Prem Harichander Thurairajah Rahul Kumar Yu Jun Wong Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Education Resource center Medical BoardSingapore General HospitalSingapore 100059Singapore Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National University HospitalSingapore 119077Singapore Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Changi General HospitalSingapore 529889Singapore Duke-NUS Medicine Academic clinical Program Singapore 100059Singapore

BAcKGROUND Hepatitis c virus(HcV)is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma globally.Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir(SOF/VEL)is an effective pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combination for treatment of chronic HcV infection.While the addition of ribavirin(RBV)to SOF/VEL improved sustained virological response(SVR12)in genotype 3(GT3)decompensated cirrhosis patients,the benefits of RBV in GT3 compensated cirrhosis patients receiving SOF/VEL remains unclear.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SOF/VEL,with or without RBV in GT3 compensated cirrhosis patients.METHODS We searched four electronic databases(PubMed/Medline,Embase,cochrane Library and Web of Science)from inception up to June 2021 using both free text and MeSH terms.There was no restriction on language,geography,publication dates and publication status(full text or abstracts).All GT3 compensated cirrhosis patients treated with 12 wk of SOF/VEL,with or without RBV,were included,regardless of age,gender or prior treatment experience.The primary outcome was sustained virological response 12-wk posttreatment(SVR12).The secondary outcome was treatment-related adverse events,as defined by symptomatic anemia requiring transfusion or a drop in hemoglobin beyond 2 g/dL.The pooled relative risk(RR),95%cI and heterogeneity(I^(2))were estimated using Review Manager version 5.3.RESULTS From 1752 citations,a total of seven studies(2 randomized controlled trials,5 cohort studies)with 1088 subjects were identified.The SVR12 was similar in GT3 compensated cirrhosis patients,regardless of the use of RBV,for both the intention-to-treat RR 1.03,95%cI:0.99-1.07;I^(2)=0%)and the per-protocol analysis(RR:1.03,95%cI:0.99-1.07;I^(2)=48%).The overall pooled rate of treatment-related adverse events was 7.2%.Addition of RBV increased the pooled risk of treatment-related adverse events in GT3 compensated cirrhosis patients receiving SOF/VEL(RR:4.20,95%cI:1.29-13.68;I^(2)=0%).Subgroup analysis showed that RBV was associated with a higher SVR12 in GT3 compensa

关键词： Direct-acting antiviral Hepatitis c cirrhosis Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

Peptide asparaginyl ligases——renegade peptide bond makers

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Science china chemistry 2020年第3期63卷 296-307页

作者： James P.Tam Ning-Yu chan Heng Tai Liew shaun J.Tan Yu chen School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637551Singapore Synzymes and Natural Products center Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637551Singapore NTU Institute of Structural Biology Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 636921Singapore

Making peptide bonds is tightly controlled by genetic code and machinery which includes cofactors,ATP,and RNAs.In this regard,the stand-alone and genetic-code-independent peptide ligases constitute a new family of renegade peptide-bond makers.A prime example is butelase-1,an Asn/Asp(Asx)-specific ligase that structurally belongs to the asparaginyl endopeptidase family.Butelase-1 specifically recognizes a c-terminal Asx-containing tripeptide motif,Asn/Asp-Xaa-Yaa(Xaa and Yaa are any amino acids),to form a site-specific Asn-Xaa peptide bond either intramolecularly as cyclic proteins or intermolecularly as modified proteins.Our work in the past five years has validated that butelase-1 is a potent and versatile ligase.Here we review the advances in ligases,with a focus on butelase-1,and their applications in engineering bioactive peptides and precision protein modifications,antibody-drug conjugates,and live-cell labeling.

关键词： asparaginyl endopeptidase Asn-specific ligation bioorthogonal ligation butelase chemoenzymatic ligation live-cell labeling protein engineering protein modification site-specific labeling tandem ligation

cyber-Physical Production Systems for Data-Driven,Decentralized,and Secure Manufacturing-A Perspective

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Engineering 2021年第9期7卷 1212-1223页

作者： Manu Suvarna Ken shaun Yap Wentao Yang Jun Li Yen Ting Ng Xiaonan Wang Department of chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore 138634Singapore School of Economics and Management Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Zhigui Internet Technology Beijing 100080China china Industrial control Systems cyber Emergency Response Team Beijing 100040China Department of chemical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

With the concepts of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing gaining popularity,there is a growing notion that conventional manufacturing will witness a transition toward a new paradigm,targeting innovation,automation,better response to customer needs,and intelligent systems.Within this context,this review focuses on the concept of cyber–physical production system(cPPS)and presents a holistic perspective on the role of the cPPS in three key and essential drivers of this transformation:data-driven manufacturing,decentralized manufacturing,and integrated blockchains for data security.The paper aims to connect these three aspects of smart manufacturing and proposes that through the application of data-driven modeling,cPPS will aid in transforming manufacturing to become more intuitive and automated.In turn,automated manufacturing will pave the way for the decentralization of manufacturing.Layering blockchain technologies on top of cPPS will ensure the reliability and security of data sharing and integration across decentralized systems.Each of these claims is supported by relevant case studies recently published in the literature and from the industry;a brief on existing challenges and the way forward is also provided.

关键词： Smart manufacturing cyber-physical production systems Industrial Internet of Things Data analytics Decentralized system Blockchain

Neck dissection does not add to morbidity or mortality of laryngectomy

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2019年第4期5卷 215-221页

作者： christopher c.Xiao Sarah A.Imam shaun A.Nguyen Marc P.camilon Andrew B.Baker Terry A.Day Eric J.Lentsch Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Kaiser PermanenteNorthern CaliforniaOaklandCA94612USA Department of Health and Human Performance The CitadelCharlestonSC29409USA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC29425USA Oregon Health&Science University Ear Nose&ThroatPortlandOR97239USA

Objectives:To examine the national rates of complications,readmission,reoperation,death and length of hospital stay after laryngectomy.To explore the risks of neck dissection with laryngectomy using outcomes.Methods:The American college of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program(AcS-NSQIP)database was reviewed retrospectively.The database was analyzed for patients undergoing laryngectomy with and without neck dissection.Demographic,perioperative complication,reoperation,readmission,and death variables were analyzed.Results:754 patients who underwent total laryngectomy during this time were found.Demographic analysis showed average age was 63 years old,566(75.1%)were white,and 598(79.3%)were male.Of these patients,520(69.0%)included a neck dissection while 234(31.0%)did not.When comparing patients who received a neck dissection to those who did not,there were no significant differences in median length of hospital stay(12.5 days w/vs.13.3 days w/o,P=0.99),rates of complication(40%w/vs.35%w/o,P=0.23),reoperation(13.5%w/vs.14%w/o,P=0.81),readmission(14%w/vs.18%w/o,P=0.27),and death(1.3%w/vs.1.3%w/o,P>0.99).Furthermore,neck dissection did not increase the risk of complication(P=0.23),readmission(P=0.27),reoperation(P=0.81),death(P=0.94),or lengthened hospital stay(P=0.38).conclusions:concurrent neck dissection does not increase postoperative morbidity or mortality in patients undergoing total laryngectomies.These results may help physicians make decisions regarding concurrent neck dissection with total laryngectomy.

关键词： Laryngectomy Neck dissection Total laryngectomy complication rates Outcomes