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Deforestation in Latin America in the 2000s predominantly occurred outside of typical mature forests

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 88-98页

作者： Zhiyu Zhang Wenjian Ni shaun Quegan Jingming Chen Peng Gong Luiz Carlos Estraviz Rodriguez Huadong Guo Jiancheng Shi Liangyun Liu Zengyuan Li Yating He Qinhuo Liu Yosio Shimabukuro Guoqing Sun Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Chinal of Mathematics and Statistics University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G3Canada Department of Earth Sciences and Department of Geography University of Hong KongHong KongChina Forest Science Department Luiz de Queiroz College of AgricultureUniversity of São PauloAv.Pádua Dias11Piracicaba 13418-900Brazil National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Research Institute of Forest Policy and Information Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Remote Sensing Department National Institute for Space Research(INPE)Av.dos Astronautas 1758São Josédos Campos 12227-010Brazil Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

The role of tropical forests in the global carbon budget remains controversial,as carbon emissions from deforestation are highly uncertain.This high uncertainty arises from the use of either fixed forest carbon stock density or maps generated from satellite-based optical reflectance with limited sensitivity to biomass to generate accurate estimates of emissions from deforestation.New space missions aiming to accurately map the carbon stock density rely on direct measurements of the spatial structures of forests using lidar and radar.We found that lost forests are special cases,and their spatial structures can be directly measured by combining archived data acquired before and after deforestation by space missions principally aimed at measuring topography.Thus,using biomass mapping,we obtained new estimates of carbon loss from deforestation ahead of forthcoming space missions.Here,using a high-resolution map of forest loss and the synergy of radar and lidar to estimate the aboveground biomass density of forests,we found that deforestation in the 2000s in Latin America,one of the severely deforested regions,mainly occurred in forests with a significantly lower carbon stock density than typical mature forests.

关键词： forest Latin lidar

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经济认知制度

Predicting the Thermal Behavior in Functional Textile Fibers Having Embedded Electronics

理论经济学 2022年第12期

作者： Enrico Petracca shaun Gallagher

文章引入“认知”制度概念并讨论其与制度经济学的相关性。认知制度的概念建立在思维哲学对扩展思维定义的基础之上，并使之得以在社会、制度和规范性这三个维度有所拓展。认知制度不仅是使行动者在社会领域实施特定认知过程的制度，而... 详细信息

文章引入“认知”制度概念并讨论其与制度经济学的相关性。认知制度的概念建立在思维哲学对扩展思维定义的基础之上，并使之得以在社会、制度和规范性这三个维度有所拓展。认知制度不仅是使行动者在社会领域实施特定认知过程的制度，而且更重要的是，没有认知制度，一些行动者的认知过程将不存在或者不可能。外在主义扩展思维的观点已经在制度经济学中产生了一些影响：阿瑟·丹泽（Arthur Denzau）和道格拉斯·诺斯（Douglass North）首次依据“共享心智模型”引入制度概念进行理解，与此相关的是，哲学家安迪·克拉克（Andy Clark）介绍了“架构性制度”这一术语。本文讨论共享心智模型和架构性制度，同时揭示认知制度概念可以描述经济制度很多根本性的问题，进而使相关研究有更进一步的发展。尤其是，本文特别将市场视为一种经济认知制度。

关键词：认知制度市场制度哲学外部性社会扩展思维

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第6期4卷 1609-1619页

作者： shaun Berry Shawn Redmond Tairan Wang Mordechai Rothschild MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood StreetLexingtonMA 02421USA

In this paper,both steady-state and transient thermal simulations were performed on functional fibers having an embedded electronic chip acting as a heat source.Simulations were conducted for a range of different fiber materials and arbitrary fiber cross-sectional shapes.We show that under steady-state heating conditions,the thermal response for any arbitrary fiber shape and fiber material system was convection dominated regardless of the effective thermal conductivity of the fiber,and that the corresponding temperature rise within the fiber can be predicted analytically allowing for the maximum temperature to be estimated for any known heat load and fiber geometry.In the case of transient heating,we show that for pulsed power operation of the embedded electronic device,the maximum temperature reached in the fiber is always greater than the maximum temperature of the equivalent steady-state average power.However,high peak powers can be safely achieved if the power-on pulse time and duty cycle are selected to limit the maximum temperature reached in the fiber.Based on the results from the transient simulations,a set of criteria was developed to determine whether the operating conditions would be:(1)allowable for the fiber system,thus requiring no transient simulations,(2)requiring a transient simulation to verify that the maximum temperature is acceptable,and(3)the operating conditions are too severe and device operation at these conditions are not practical.

关键词： Functional fibers Smart fibers Thermal modeling Fabrics MOEMS

Analysis of temperature distribution in PV-integrated electrochemical flow cells

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Materials Futures

Materials Futures 2023年第4期2卷 137-144页

作者： Dorian Santander shaun Whitley Jungmyung Kim Dowon Bae Institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering(IMPEE)School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH144ASUnited Kingdom Ecole nationale supérieure d’électricitéet de mécanique de Nancy Vandoeuvre-lès-NancyFrance AECOM EdinburghEH35DAUnitedKingdom

Photovoltaic(PV)-integrated flow cells for electrochemical energy conversion and storage underwent a huge development.The advantages of this type of integrated flow cell system include the simultaneous storage of solar energy into chemicals that can be readily utilized for generating electricity.However,most studies overlook the practical challenges arising from the inherent heat exposure and consequent overheating of the reactor under the sun.This work aims to predict the temperature profiles across PV-integrated electrochemical flow cells under light exposure conditions by introducing a computational fluid dynamics–based method.Furthermore,we discuss the effects of the flow channel block architecture on the temperature profile to provide insights and guidelines for the effective remedy of overheating.

关键词： solar redox flow battery CFD redox flow cell energy conversion temperature profile

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7种方式用掉你的假期

财经天下 2016年第13期 71-78页

作者： shaun

住进焕然一新的老牌酒店在你长居的城市中，总有些那么几个地方，让你自幼就开始向往——上学时每次考了满分，父母就会带你来这里奢侈一番作为奖励；你追过的明星是这里的常客，你敬重的各界名流经常聚首于此；在这里吃到的某种食物成... 详细信息

住进焕然一新的老牌酒店在你长居的城市中，总有些那么几个地方，让你自幼就开始向往——上学时每次考了满分，父母就会带你来这里奢侈一番作为奖励；你追过的明星是这里的常客，你敬重的各界名流经常聚首于此；在这里吃到的某种食物成为了你定义美味的标准；在这里的约会成为了一段感情中最难忘的回忆……

关键词：假期酒店城市常客明星

Comparison of sublingual microcirculatory parameters measured by sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy in anesthetized pigs and adult humans

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2023年第5期6卷 499-503页

作者： Raushan Lala Ryan Homes shaun Pratt Wendy Goodwin Mark Midwinter School of Biomedical Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQldAustralia School of Veterinary Sciences The University of QueenslandGattonQldAustralia Jamieson Trauma Institute Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQldAustralia Traumatic Injury Sciences Group The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQldAustralia

Background:This study aimed to compare sublingual microcirculatory parameters between anesthetized pigs and conscious adult humans using sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy.The overarching aim of the work was to validate the pig as an experimental model of changes in microcirculatory function following traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.Methods:Fourteen large white pigs and 14 humans were recruited for the study.Sublingual sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy clips were captured in anesthetized pigs and conscious humans.Clips underwent manual analysis in Automated Vascular Analysis 3.2 software.The total vessel density(TVD),perfused vessel density(PVD),proportion of perfused vessels(PPVs)and microvascular flow index(MFI)were quantified.An independent samples t test was used for between species comparison of microcirculatory parameters.Results and Conclusions:Conscious humans had a significantly lower TVD,PVD and MFI than anesthetized pigs.No significant difference in PPVs was observed between the species.Perfusion of the microcirculation is a critical determinant of tissue metabolic function and viability.Whilst it may not be surprising that some inter species differences in the sublingual microcirculatory anatomy were identified between pig and human subjects,it is interesting to report the insignificant difference in PPVs.This direct microcirculatory measure represents a relative change which should hold translatable value across species.We therefore conclude the pig is a suitable model for microcirculatory research and may be a suitable species to investigate changes in microcirculatory perfusion following perturbations in cardiovascular homeostasis,for example during traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.

关键词： comparative anatomy microcirculation sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy

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让宴请事半功倍

财经天下 2016年第15期 69-74页

作者： shaun

这种素宴，连肉食动物都经常思念经济需要应付商宴的人，偶尔回到家中，期盼的无非是一桌鲜蔬小菜，让肠胃和心情得到片刻的舒缓和放松。

关键词：事半功倍宴请经济需要

Lattice strain suppresses point defect formation in halide perovskites

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5746-5751页

作者： Caner Deger shaun Tan K.N.Houk Yang Yang Ilhan Yavuz Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA Department of Physics Marmara UniversityZiverbeyIstanbul 34722Turkey Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA

We computationally investigate the impact of crystal strain on the formation of native point defects likely to be formed in halide perovskites;A-site cation antisite(I_(A)),Pb antisite(I_(Pb)),A-site cation vacany(V_(A)),I vacancy(V_(I)),Pb vacancy(V_(Pb)),and I interstitial(I_(i)).We systematically identify compressive and tensile strain to CsPbI_(3),FAPbI_(3),and MAPbI_(3)perovskite structures.We observe that while each type of defect has a unique behaviour,overall,the defect formation in FAPbI3 is much more sensitive to the strain.The compressive strain can enhance the formation energy of neutral I_(Pb)and I_(i)up to 15%for FAPbI_(3),depending on the growth conditions.We show that the strain not only controls the formation of defects but also their transition levels in the band gap:A deep level can be transformed into a shallow level by the strain.We anticipate that tailoring the lattice strain can be used as a defect passivation mechanism for future studies.

关键词： perovskite solar cells halide perovskites defect formation lattice strain

大型氨燃料船舶设计难点如何突破?——访Foreship英国总经理shaun White先生

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中国船检 2023年第12期 51-55页

作者：薛龙玉 shaun White 不详 Foreship英国

作为船用替代燃料领域的“明日之星”,氨燃料的减排脱碳潜力正在得到越来越大规模的释放,氨动力船舶的开发也明显进入加速期。今年7月,由全球最大独立集装箱船船东/运营商塞斯潘(Seaspan Corporation)和马士基·麦克-凯尼·穆勒零碳航... 详细信息

作为船用替代燃料领域的“明日之星”,氨燃料的减排脱碳潜力正在得到越来越大规模的释放,氨动力船舶的开发也明显进入加速期。今年7月,由全球最大独立集装箱船船东/运营商塞斯潘(Seaspan Corporation)和马士基·麦克-凯尼·穆勒零碳航运中心(MMMCZCS)共同发起,与芬兰船舶设计公司Foreship合作开展的15000TEU氨燃料集装箱船概念设计获得了船级社的原则性认可(AIP)。

关键词：集装箱船船舶设计船级社氨燃料 AIP 明日之星航运中心 ship