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Immunoregulatory and Anti-cancer Activities of Combination Treatment of Novel Four-Herb Formula and doxorubicin in 4T1-Breast Cancer Bearing Mice

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期30卷 311-321页

作者： Lea Ling-Yu Kan Ben Chung-Lap Chan Grace Gar-Lee Yue LI Pei-ting sharon Sze-Man Hon HUANG dan-qi Miranda Sin-Man Tsang Clara Bik-San Lau Ping-Chung Leung Chun-Kwok Wong Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine School of Health and Biomedical SciencesSTEM CollegeRMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia Li dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&d Centre for Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong SARHong KongChina

Objective To investigate the in vivo immunomodulatory and anti-tumor mechanisms of the combined treatment of novel Four-Herb formula(4HF)and doxorubicin in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods Murine-derived triple-negative mammary carcinoma cell line,4T1 cells,was cultured and inoculated into mouse mammary glands.Sixty-six mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups(n=11 in ench):naive,control,Ld 4HF(low dose 4HF),Hd 4HF(high dose 4HF),Ld 4HF+d(low dose and doxorubicin),and d(doxorubicin).Apart from the naive group,each mouse received subcutaneous inoculation with 5×10^(5)4T1 cells resuspended in 100µL of normal saline in the mammary fat pads.Starting from the day of tumor cell inoculation,tumors were grown for 6 days.The Ld and Hd groups received daily oral gavage of 658 and 2,630 mg/kg 4HF,respectively.The Ld 4HF+d group received daily oral gavage of 658 mg/kg 4HF and weekly intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin(5 mg/kg).The d group received weekly intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin(5 mg/kg).The treatment naive mice received daily oral gavage of 0.2 mL double distilled water and 0.1 mL normal saline via intraperitoneal injection once a week.The control group received daily oral gavage of 0.2 mL double-distilled water.The treatment period was 30 days.At the end of treatment,mice organs were harvested to analyze immunological activities via immunophenotyping,gene and multiplex analysis,histological staining,and gut microbiota analysis.Results Mice treated with the combination of 4HF and doxorubicin resulted in significantly reduced tumor and spleen burdens(Pd the hypoxia and overall immune lymphocyte landscape,and manipulated gut microbiota to favor the anti-tumor immunological activities.Moreover,immunosuppressive genes,cytokines,and chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine 2 and interleukin-10 of tumors were significantly downregulated(Pdoxorubicin combination treatment demonstrated synergetic activities and was most effective in activating the anti-tumor immune response(P<

关键词： adjunctivetherapy breast cancer cytokines Chinese medicine tumor microenvironment

Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island Effects and Tree Equity

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Jillian Gorrell sharon R. Jean-Philippe Paul d. Ries Jennifer K. Richards Neelam C. Poudyal Rochelle Butler School of Natural Resources University of Tennessee 203 Third Creek Building Knoxville Tennessee USA

In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced by the world’s most urbanized areas, including increased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead of vegetation and trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming radiation, and releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air conditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased developed land surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surrounding forested areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration recordings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for increased tree canopy coverage.

关键词： Spatial Analysis Land Cover Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) Evapotranspiration Tree Canopy Impervious Surface GIS Prediction Model GIS Machine Learning

Is the clinical head impulse test helpful in cochlear implantation candidacy evaluation?

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第1期9卷 45-52页

作者： Nicole T.Jiam Yi Cai Katherine C.Wai Colleen Polite Kurt Kramer Jeffrey d.sharon department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA

Objective:Vestibular dysfunction is a known risk of cochlear implantation(CI).However,the utility of the physical exam to screen CI candidates for vestibular dysfunction is not well-studied.The objective of this study is to evaluate the preoperative role of the clinical head impulse test(cHIT)in subjects undergoing CI surgery evaluation.Study design Setting,and Subjects:We conducted a retrospective review of 64 adult CI candidacy cases between 2017 and 2020 at a tertiary health care center.Methods:All patients underwent audiometric testing and evaluation by the senior author.Patients with an abnormal catch-up saccade contralateral to their worse hearing ear during cHIT were referred for formal vestibular testing.Outcomes included clinical and formal vestibular results,operated ear with regard to audiometric and vestibular results,and postoperative vertigo.Results:Among all CI candidates,44%(n=28)reported preoperative disequilibrium symptoms.Overall,62%(n=40)of the cHITs were normal,33%(n=21)were abnormal,and 5%(n=3)were inconclusive.There was one patient who presented with a false positive cHIT.Among the patients who endorsed disequilibrium,43%had a positive preoperative cHIT.Fourteen percent of the subjects(n=9)without disequilibrium had an abnormal cHIT.In this cohort,bilateral vestibular impairment(71%)was more common than unilateral vestibular impairment(29%).In 3%of the cases(n=2),surgical management was revisited or altered due to cHIT findings.Conclusion:There is a high prevalence of vestibular hypofunction in the CI candidate population.Self-reported assessments of vestibular function are often not congruent with cHIT results.Clinicians should consider incorporating cHITs as part of the preoperative physical exam to potentially avoid bilateral vestibular dysfunction in a minority of patients.

关键词： clinical head impulse test cochlear implant vestibular function vestibular loss vestibular testing

Practical issues concerning tear protein assays in dry eye

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Eye and Vision 2014年第1期1卷 34-45页

作者： sharon d’Souza Louis Tong Narayana Nethralaya Superspeciality Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute BangaloreKarnatakaIndia. Singapore Eye Research Institute 11Third Hospital AvenueSingapore 168751Singapore. Singapore National Eye Center SingaporeSingapore. duke-NUS Graduate Medical School SingaporeSingapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore.

dry eye is a common clinical condition diagnosed by cumulative evidence of symptoms and signs.Many new treatments in dry eye are either expensive,invasive,have potential for side effects,or are not easily accessible.In severe dry eye,the ideal modality of treatment to begin with is often not clear as specific molecular disturbances are not evident from just examination of clinical manifestations.Assessing the effects of ongoing treatment is not straight forward since there is lack of agreement between clinical signs and symptoms.There is a need to have more objective methods of selecting treatment for dry eye and monitoring the effect of treatment.Recently,there are many new technologies applied to the discovery of tear biomarkers,for e.g.,mass spectrometry based proteomics techniques and multiplex assays such as the bead-based sandwich indirect immunofluorescent assays.Tear proteins assays have even been made available as point-of-care devices.This review focuses on the evidence for the involvements of tear proteins in dry eye,possible changes in tear concentrations with therapy and the strength of evidence regarding dry eye pathology.Much remains to be done in terms of developing office-based assays and ascertaining their reliability,but current evidence suggests that tear proteins have a role in the clinical practice of dry eye.

关键词： Human dry eye Review Tear Proteomics Biomarker

Ultra-transparent nanostructured coatings via flow-induced one-step coassembly

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Nano Materials Science 2022年第2期4卷 97-103页

作者： Jingjing Liu Sonia E.Chavez Hao ding Maria M.Farooqui Zaili Hou sharon Lin Thomas d.d'Auria Julia M.Kennedy Anna Marie LaChance Luyi Sun Polymer Program Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269United States department of Chemical&Biomolecular Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269United States department of Biomedical Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269United States

Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/laponite(LP)nanocomposite coatings were fabricated via a facile one-step coassembly process.The formed nanocoatings contain a high concentration of LP nanosheets,which can be well aligned along the substrate surface during the coassembly process.due to the highly orientated structure,the flexible nanocoatings exhibit ultra-high transparency and superior mechanical properties,and can also act as excellent gas barriers.Such nanocoatings can be exceptional candidates for a variety of applications,such as food packaging.

关键词： Nanocoating Coassembly Polyvinyl alcohol Laponite

Multifaceted Approaches to Engineer Fluorescence in Nanomaterials via a Focused Laser Beam

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第1期3卷 51-70页

作者： Eng Tuan Poh sharon Xiaodai Lim Chorng Haur Sow department of Physics National University of Singapore2 Science Drive 3Singapore 117551Singapore

Fluorescent nanomaterials have long been recognized as essential contributors to the advancement of material technologies.Over the years,the rapid expansion in this massive selection of materials has led to the emergence of systems with tunable and unique fluorescent properties,occupying pivotal roles across niche areas in imaging,photonics,micro-encryption,and steganographic applications.In recent years,research interest in the translation of laser-based operations towards the production and modulation of nanomaterial fluorescence has been reignited,owing to its ease of operation and low cost.In this paper,we summarize the assortment of laser operations for the fabrication,modification,and spatial positioning of various fluorescent nanomaterials,ranging from metallic nanoparticles,carbon dots,2d ultrathin films to wide-bandgap nanomaterials,and upconversion nanocrystals.In addition,we evaluate the importance of laser-modified fluorescence for various applications and offer our perspective on the role of laser-based techniques in the forthcoming advancement of nanomaterials.

关键词： Multifaceted Approaches Engineering Fluorescences Nanomaterials Focused

The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 781-788页

作者： sharon Schillewaert Amelie Vantaux Wim Van den Ende Tom Wenseleers Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution Biology Department Zoological Institute University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Institut Pasteur du Cambodge Unite d'Epidemiologie Moleculaire du Paludisme Phnom Penh Cambodia Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology Biology Department University of Leuven Leuven Belgium

Aphid species can be polyphagous, feeding on multiple host plants across genera. As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adap- tation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphisfabae were reared on 4 com- mon host plants： broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant in- teractions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. On the whole, this study demonstrates that aphid honeydew composition is influenced by complex herbivore-plant interactions. We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids.

关键词： aphids Aphis fabae ecological specialization fitness honeydew hostplants Melezitose polyphagous

A Focused Laser Beam:A Useful and Versatile Tool for 1d Nanomaterials Research:A Review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第6期31卷 616-629页

作者： Junpeng Lu sharon Xiaodai Lim Chorng Haur Sow department of Physics National University of Singapore department of Science drive National University of Singapore National University of Singapore

One-dimensional(1d) nanomaterials have generated considerable interest amongst researchers because of their potential as fundamental building block in future nano- and micro-electronic devices.In this article,we present a review of a focused laser beam system as a versatile tool for the manipulation,structural transformation,micropatterning and chemical modification of 1d nanomaterials.This tool was found to be effective in patterning and modifying various physical and chemical properties of the pristine1 d nanomaterials.It also aids in the fabrication process of heterostructures and 1d nanomaterial based devices.Finally,we present the implementation of the focused laser beam setup as a valuable tool in the study of the origins and photoresponse mechanism of the 1d nanomaterial devices.

关键词： Laser Nanomaterials Composite Optoelectronic Electronic

The most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2017年第1期36卷 1-7页

作者： Joseph T. S. Wee sharon Shuxian Poh division of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Centre duke-NUSMedicalSchool

Specific research foci:(1) Mouse models of gamma-herpes virus-68(γHV-68) and polyomavirus(Py V) infections during neonatal versus adult life.(2) For human papilloma virus(HPV)-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma(OPC)—(a) Asking the question: Is oral sex a powerful carcinogen?(b) Examining the evidence for the vertical transmission of HPV infection.(c) Examining the relationship between HPV and Epstein–Barr virus(EBV) infections and nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC) in West European, East European, and East Asian countries.(d) Examining the association between HPVpositive OPC and human leukocyte antigen(HLA).(3) For non-smoking East Asian female lung adenocarcinoma—(a) Examining the incidence trends of HPV-positive OPC and female lung adenocarcinoma according to birth cohorts.(b) Examining the association between female lung adenocarcinoma and HPV.(c) Examining the associations of lung adenocarcinoma with immune modulating factors.(4) For triple-negative breast carcinoma(TNBC) in East Asians—(a) Examining the association between TNBC and HPV.(b) Examining the unique epidemiological characteristics of patients with TNBC. A summary "epidemiological" model tying some of these findings together.

关键词： HPV The most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology