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Rice Transplanting Mechanization in Bangladesh: Way to Make It Sustainable

Agricultural Sciences 2022年第2期13卷 130-149页

作者： Md. Anwar Hossen Md. Mahir Shahriyar sharmin islam Haimonti Paul Md. Mizanur Rahman Farm Machinery and Post-Harvest Technology Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) Gazipur Bangladesh

“Rice transplanter” has brought a radical change in the method of rice seedlings transplanting in Bangladesh. The machine is gaining popularity with the increase of labor crisis during the peak period of transplanting, reduction time of in-between crops, rapid urbanization and industrialization, and changing socio-economic status of the farmers. Alternatively, the traditional way of rice transplanting is labor-intensive and involves high drudgery. Mechanical rice transplanter is cost-effective and operation-friendly. It is suitable to plant young seedlings maintaining plant to plant and line to line distance which plays an important role in increasing yield. Moreover, it is easy to take care of the crops planted in rows. It helps in maintaining soil physical properties and is considered to be better from a crop management and productivity point of view. In malignancy of having an edge over the traditional broadcasting, the adoption rate of mechanical transplanters is low due to high primary investment, lack of knowledge in growing mat type nursery, lack of repair and maintenance facility to the end-users, and unavailability of spare parts. Imparting these, available supply, entrepreneurship development, and encouraging custom hire services may be some of the practical results for adding the rice area under mechanical transplanting. This review summarizes the problems and prospects associated with seedling rice transplanting, technological gaps in the adoption of mechanical transplanters in a sustainable manner, and future ways to make transplanters more user-friendly and cost-effective.

关键词： Rice Establishment Transplanter Mechanization Mat Type Seedling Operator Training

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Determination of Optimum Seed Rate of Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties in Mat-Type Seedling Raising for Mechanical Transplanting

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第10期13卷 1031-1047页

作者： Md. Anwar Hossen Md. Kamruzzaman sharmin islam Haimonti Paul Md. Mahir Shahriyar Arafat Ullah Khan Farm Machinery and Post-harvest Technology Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) Gazipur Bangladesh

Rice is the most important and crucial to ensuring food and dietary energy security in most developing countries and is the staple food of more than half of the world’s population. This study was conducted to identify the seed rate of hybrid rice varieties for mechanical transplanting during Boro (irrigated dry season), 2021-22 season at BRRI research field, Gazipur. Slender grain type BRRI hybrid dhan3, BRRI hybrid dhan5, Ishpahani hybrid dhan6, and BRRI dhan89 were used in the study. The same growth medium was used to establish mat-type seedlings on plastic trays (280 × 80 × 25 mm) at seed rates of 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 g∙tray−1. Walk-behind type 04 rows rice transplanter (Daedong, model-DP 488) was used during transplanting in the field at the set of the plant to plant spacing of 140 mm while line-to-line spacing was fixed to 300 mm. The result depicted that regardless of the variety, seedling density increased linearly as seed rate increased, except for the 21 days following sowing. However, the seedling density of BRRI dhan89 decreased after the seed rate of 100 g∙tray−1 due to mortality. The seedling height of the BRRI hybrids dhan5 and Ishpahani hybrid dhan6 was significantly higher than that of the BRRI hybrid dhan3 and BRRI dhan89. After 21 days, the seedling height decreased significantly with the increase in seed rate. For the seed rates of 100, 110, and 120 g∙tray−1, identical numbers of hills per unit area and plants per hill were observed. On the other hand, regardless of the variety, the percentage of missing hills considerably decreased with the increased seed rate. The yield of the BRRI hybrid dhan5 variety was significantly higher at the seed rates of 100 and 110 g∙tray−1, although the yield of the Ishpahani hybrid dhan6 variety was comparable. In terms of yield among the four varieties, BRRI hybrid dhan5 gave a higher yield followed by Ishpahani hybrid

关键词： Slender Type Grain Seedling Density Seedling Height Missing Hill Plants Per Hill Yield

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Development and Fabrication of Manually Push-Pull Type Conical Weeder for Bangladesh Condition

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第5期14卷 685-709页

作者： Subrata Paul Bidhan Chandra Nath Anwar Hossen Kamruzzaman Pintu Haimonti Paul sharmin islam Arafat Ullah Khan Moudud Ahmmed Farm Machinery and Postharvest Technology Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh School of Civil Engineering and Surveying University of Southern Queensland Queensland Australia Workshop Machinery & Maintenance Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, the use of machinery in agriculture production is fast rising. Researchers are developing technology to replace traditional hand weeding to manage weeds in rice fields. The present study has been taken to increase weeding efficiency and reduce the drudgery in weeding and mulching. A line-to-line distance of 20 cm, the operation is push-pull, and field operating condition at 2 - 4 cm standing water (for softening the field) was the designed hypothesis. The weeder consists of a skid/float, float holder, float adjuster, main body frame, rotor, axel, bush, rotor holder, rotor holder adjuster, handle, handle griper, handle holder, handle height adjuster, nut, bolt, etc. The designed weeder was fabricated using MS sheet, MS pipe, MS flat bar, MS nut-bolt, etc. When the rotors perform back and forth, the weeder’s two conical rotors with six plain blades and six serrated blades work together to uproot and bury the weeds. It also contains a 2 mm thick float assembly with a precise angle of 22 degrees. Weeds are uprooted by the weeder’s blades and buried in the muddy soil. It causes topsoil disturbance and enhances aeration. The weeding efficiency and capacity of the conical weeder were 81.92% and 0.0203 ha/h respectively. With a push-pull operation, the weeder can uproot and bury the weeds in a single row at a time. The pushing force and weight of weeder were 43.42 N and 5.6 kg respectively. Farmers can use this weeder to increase their comfort and reduce the drudgery associated with weeding and mulching in their fields.

关键词： Conical Weeder Field Capacity Weeding Efficiency Weed Paddy

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Analysis of forest cover change at Khadimnagar National Park, Sylhet,Bangladesh, using Landsat TM and GIS data

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 393-400页

作者： Mohammad Redowan sharmin Akter Nusrat islam Department of Forestry and Environmental Science School of Agriculture and Mineral SciencesShahjalal University of Science and Technology

We mapped the forest cover of Khadimnagar National Park （KNP） of Sylhet Forest Division and estimated forest change over a period of 22 years （1988-2010） using Landsat TM images and other GIS data. Supervised classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） image classification approaches were applied to the images to produce three cover classes, viz. dense forest, medium dense forest, and bare land. The change map was produced by differencing classified imageries of 1988 and 2010 as before image and after image, respectively, in ERDAS IMAGINE. Error matrix and kappa statistics were used to assess the accuracy of the produced maps. Overall map accuracies resulting from supervised classification of 1988 and 2010 imageries were 84.6% （Kappa 0.75） and 87.5% （Kappa 0.80）, respec- tively. Forest cover statistics resulting from supervised classification showed that dense forest and bare land declined from 526 ha （67%） to 417 ha （59%） and 105 ha （13%） to 8 ha （1%）, respectively, whereas medium dense forest increased from 155 ha （20%） to 317 ha （40%）. Forest cover change statistics derived from NDVI classification showed that dense forest declined from 525 ha （67%） to 421 ha （54%） while medium dense forest increased from 253 ha （32%） to 356 ha （45%）. Both supervised and NDVI classification approaches showed similar trends of forest change, i.e. decrease of dense forest and increase of medium dense forest, which indicates dense forest has been converted to medium dense forest. Area of bare land was unchanged. Illicit felling, encroachment, and settlement near forests caused the dense forest decline while short and long rotation plantations raised in various years caused the increase in area of medium dense forest. Protective measures should be undertaken to check further degradation of forest at KNP.

关键词： forest cover Landsat TM supervised classification NDVI,change statistics error matrix

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Impact of Temporal Population Distribution on Earthquake Loss Estimation:A Case Study on Sylhet,Bangladesh

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第4期5卷 296-312页

作者： sharmin Ara Department of Urban and Regional Planning Chittagong University of Engineering and TechnologyChittagong 4349Bangladesh

To estimate human loss in an earthquake-prone area, it is necessary to analyze the role played by the spatiotemporal distribution of the area’s resident population. In order to evaluate earthquake impact, this article focuses on the spatiotemporal distribution of population and five scenario earthquakes that form the basis for loss estimation in the city of Sylhet, Bangladesh. Four temporal contexts(weekday, weekly holiday, the 30 days of Ramadan, and strike days) expand the more typical daytime and nighttime settings in which to examine hazard risk. The population distribution for every 2 hour interval in a day is developed for each type of day. A relationship between the occupancy classes and average space(persons per 100 m^2)is used to distribute people in each building regardless of building locations. A total daytime and nighttime population is obtained for each building and the estimated nighttime population is used to model the population for four temporal scenarios in a year based on different factors and weights. The resulting data are employed to estimate population loss for each of the temporal and earthquake scenarios. This study used building-specific human vulnerability curves developed by the Central American Probabilistic Risk Assessment(CAPRA) to obtain possible loss of life estimates. The results reveal that there is a high positive correlation between the spatiotemporal distribution of population and the potential number of casualties.

关键词： Bangladesh CAPRA Distribution modeling Earthquake loss estimation Spatiotemporal population distribution Temporal scenarios

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Introduction of Zika virus in Bangladesh:An impending public health threat

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第9期10卷 925-928页

作者： A.K.M.Muraduzzaman sharmin Sultana Tahmina Shirin Selina Khatun MdTarikul islam Mahmudur Rahman Department of Virology Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control&Research(IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh Department of Epidemiology Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control&Research(IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics Institute for Developing Science and Health InitiativesDhakaBangladesh Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control&Research(IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh

Objective: To explore the presence of Zika virus(ZIKV) in Bangladesh and to understand the associated risk ***: A retrospective sero-surveillance was performed on stored serum samples of dengue surveillance conducted from 2013 to 2016. Real time RT-PCR was performed on randomly selected acute serum samples to detect the Zika virus nucleic ***: Of 200 samples screened, one was found positive for ZIKV by real time RTPCR and further confirmed by genome sequencing. The case was a 65 years old male from a metropolitan city of Bangladesh who had no history of travel outside *** analysis of partial E gene sequences from Bangladeshi isolates demonstrated a close relationship with ZIKV from Brazil and current South American strains clustering within a monophyletic clade distinct from African ***: Presence of ZIKV raises serious public health concerns in Bangladesh owing to its association with congenital anomalies/neurological-manifestations. We,therefore, recommend every suspected viral fever patient, particularly pregnant women be screened for ZIKV infection to rule out yet another emerging infection in Bangladesh.

关键词： Zika virus Bangladesh Public health impact

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Dynamic Characteristics of a Microhollow Cathode Sustained Discharge with Split Third Electrodes for Potential Flow Application to Flow Velocimetry

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第9期31卷 107-110页

作者： sharmin Sultana Jichul Shin Institute of E-vehicle Technology University of Ulsan Ulsan 680-749 Korea Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Ulsan Ulsan 680-749 Korea

The dynamic behavior of a microhollow cathode sustained discharge with split third electrodes is experimentally investigated. The sustained discharge swells isotropically in the presence of a small amount of argon gas flow that is not clearly detectable with a conventional single third electrode. At high flow rates, the sustained discharge transitions to a fast-moving constricted discharge with an are shape. The modified discharge structure causes a shift in current distribution over the third electrodes, and the current peak location varies linearly with the flow rate over a certain flow range. Such linear behavior may be applied to in situ flow velocity measurement.

关键词： Velocity measurement

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Multiple Tuned Mass Damper Based Vibration Mitigation of Offshore Wind Turbine Considering Soil–Structure Interaction

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China Ocean Engineering 2017年第4期31卷 476-486页

作者： Mosaruf HUSSAN Faria sharmin Dookie KIM Department of Civil Engineering Kunsan National University 558 Daehak-ro Kunsan Jeonbuk 54150 Republic of Korea

The dynamics of jacket supported offshore wind turbine （OWT） in earthquake environment is one of the progressing focuses in the renewable energy field. Soil-structure interaction （SSI） is a fundamental principle to analyze stability and safety of the structure. This study focuses on the performance of the multiple tuned mass damper （MTMD） in minimizing the dynamic responses of the structures objected to seismic loads combined with static wind and wave loads. Response surface methodology （RSM） has been applied to design the MTMD parameters. The analyses have been performed under two different boundary conditions： fixed base （without SSI） and flexible base （with SSI）. Two vibration modes of the structure have been suppressed by multi-mode vibration control principle in both cases. The effectiveness of the MTMD in reducing the dynamic response of the structure is presented. The dynamic SSI plays an important role in the seismic behavior of the jacket supported OWT, especially resting on the soft soil deposit. Finally, it shows that excluding the SSI effect could be the reason of overestimating the MTMD performance.

关键词： soil-structure interaction multiple tuned mass damper vibration control response surface method jacket supported offshore wind turbine

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Numerical investigation of tunneling induced surface movement:A case study of MRT line 1,Dhaka

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Underground Space 2023年第5期12卷 116-136页

作者： Khondaker Sakil Ahmed Johana sharmin Mehedi Ahmed Ansary Department of Civil Engineering Military Institute of Science and TechnologyDhaka 1216 Bangladesh Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka 1216Bangladesh

The proposed underground tunnel for Mass Rapid Transit Line 1,Dhaka brings immense attention to the engineers and experts not only because of its construction challenges through a densely-built city,but also for the potential tunneling-induced ground *** very preliminary study investigates the ground surface movement due to the progression of the tunnel boring machine(TBM)using numerical analysis.A series of finite element(FE)models have been developed using PLAXIS 3D,in which Mohr–Coulomb(MC),modified Cam-Clay(MCC),and hardening soil(HS)have been *** in-field data of Mashhad Metro Line-2 have been compared to verify PLAXIS 3D’s efficacy in tunnel ***,the outcomes of the FE analyses are compared with the existing empirical *** PLAXIS 3D analysis considering the MCC soil model exhibits strong agreement with the real monitored data,with a variance of only 3.85%.After simulating different stages of the tunnel construction,results are reported in terms of the distance of the inflexion point from the center,the settlement trough pattern,the maximum transverse settlements,and the vertical *** are also compared with the established empirical *** order to comprehend the surface settlement with various tunnel depths and diameters,a parameter dependency study has been carried *** analysis findings showed that increasing the TBM’s depth and radius causes the inflexion point’s distance from the center of the tunnel to increase by 4%and decrease by 5%,*** is also observed that as tunnel depth increases,the overall settlement of the tunnel lowers by 11%for every additional 5 meters of *** MCC model,out of the three,exhibits the most accurate value of the settlement compared to that obtained from the empirical solutions,and also the best-fit form to the Gaussian curve.

关键词： Surface settlement TBM Finite element analysis MC model MCC model

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Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Ready-Made Garment Industry of Bangladesh in Order to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals: A Study on Bangladeshi Garment Manufacturers

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Journal of Textile Science and Technology 2020年第4期6卷 232-246页

作者： Ummelewara Bristi Monirul islam Rajib sharmin Shoukat Apparel Manufacturing & Technology Knitwear Manufacturing & Technology BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology Dhaka Bangladesh

The Ready-Made Garment (RMG) sector has played the most momentous role for the economic development of Bangladesh. To achieve the culmination, this labor-intensive industry needs to go through sustainable practices with the adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in its garment manufacturing chain. CSR, being a fast-developing phenomenon in industrial arena, is drawing the attention of world-renowned apparel buyers working with Bangladesh. After a few tragic occurrences, for instance, Rana Plaza collapse & Tazreen Fashion fire, the reputation of the RMG sector of Bangladesh has been somewhat blemished. Presently, this scenario is being changed since a considerable number of Bangladeshi garment producers have adopted CSR practices spending a huge sum of money. This study shows the current status of sustainable development through the implementation of CSR practices in the RMG industry of Bangladesh.

关键词： Sustainability Sustainable Developments Goals Ready-Made Garments Corporate Social Responsibility

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