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Effects of of Habitats and Pesticides on Aerobic Capacity and Survival of Soil Fauna

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期18卷 169-175页

作者： G. TRIPATHI B. m. sharma Department of Zoology J. N. Vyas University Jodhpur-342 001 IndiaDepartment of Zoology J. N. Vyas University Jodhpur-342 001 India

Objective Faunal health is largely dependent on their soil environment and available litter quality. So the effects of different soil habitats and pesticides on citrate synthase (CS) activity of soil fauna and its population were studied. methods The soil animals were collected from different pedoecosystems for habitat study. Whereas Vigna radiata based system was selected for pesticidal observations. The field was divided into five equal plots for control and treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin. Soil fauna was collected by quadrat method and extracted by Tullgren funnel. Individuals of a species having similar sizes were collected for the estimation of CS activity. They were homogenized and fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation. The activity of CS was assayed spectrophotometrically. Results Citrate synthase (CS) activity of beetle (Rasphytus fregi), woodlouse (Porcellio laevis) and centipede (Scolopendra morsitans) varied significantly with respect to changes in different soil habitats. Though the CS activity of R. fregi, P. laevis, and S. morsitans differed among themselves but the highest activity of CS in these animals was in V. radiata and lowest in A. nilotica based pedoecosystem. The aerobic capacity of centipede was maximum followed by woodlouse and beetle. The treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin significantly reduced the CS activity of these animals. γ-BHC showed maximum reduction in CS activity indicating highly toxic effect of organochlorine on aerobic metabolism of soil fauna. However, minimum reduction was observed in response to carbaryl (in beetle) or cypermethrin (in woodlouse/centipede) leading to impairment of aerobic capacity. The differences in pesticide effects might be assigned to the differences in chemical nature of pesticides and their interactions with below-ground fauna. Treatment of γ-BHC and quinalphos reduced the population of Acari, Coleoptera, Collembola, other arthropods as

关键词： Citrate synthase Habitat Pesticide Soil fauna and desert

microstructures of co-axially folded vein segments and crenulation cleavage： Evidence for dissolution phenomena in the Chamba Thrust Sheet, western Himalayas

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Episodes 2004年第2期27卷 119-124页

作者： B.K.sharma A.m.Bhola DepartmentofGeology UniversityofDelhiDelhi-110007India.

The metasediments in the Chamba region experienced three phases of deformation: DF1, DF2 and *** quartz veins are co-folded with the F2 crenulation folds. Their geometric and tectonic significance is studied by microstructures and shortening adjacent to the discrete crenulation cleavage, S2. microstructures of folded vein segments, their geometric changes and truncation to cleavage (S2) are mainly due to pressure-solution phenomena and the estimated volume loss from reconstructed vein segments range from 16 to 25.5%,which is closely related to volume decrease (26%) calculated from the polydeformed slates of North Wales areas.

关键词：显微结构变质沉积物地质学石英纹理

Fauna-associated Changes in Chemical and Biochemical Properties of Soil

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2006年第6期19卷 422-426页

作者： G. TRIPATHI B. m. sharma Department of Zoology J. N. V. UniversityJodhpur-342 001India

Objective To study the impacts of abundance of woodlice, termites, and mites on some functional aspects of soil in order to elucidate the specific role of soil fauna in improving soil fertility in desert. methods Fauna-rich sites were selected as experimental sites and adjacent areas were taken as control, Soil samples were collected from both sites. Soil respiration was measured at both sites. The soil samples were sent to laboratory, their chemical and biochemical properties were analyzed. Results Woodlice showed 25% decrease in organic carbon and organic matter as compared to control site. Whereas termites and mites showed 58% and 16% decrease in organic carbon and organic matter. In contrast, available nitrogen （nitrate and ammonical both） and phosphorus exhibited 2-fold and 1.2-fold increase, respectively. Soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity at the sites rich in woodlice, termites and mites produced 2.5-, 3.5- and 2-fold increases, respectively as compared to their control values. Fauna-associated increase in these biological parameters clearly reflected fauna-induced microbial activity in soil. maximum decrease in organic carbon and increase in nitrate-nitrogen and ammonical-nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity were produced by termites and minimum by mites reflecting termite as an efficient soil improver in desert environment. Conclusion The soil fauna-associated changes in chemical （organic carbon, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonical-nitrogen, phosphorus） and biochemical （soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity） properties of soil improve soil health and help in conservation of desert pedoecosystem.

关键词： Soil fauna Organic carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Soil respiration Dehydrogenase activity

High-pressure investigations on Piplia Kalan eucrite meteorite using in-situ X-ray diffraction and ^(57)Fe mssbauer spectroscopic technique up to 16 GPa

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第2期7卷 265-271页

作者： Usha Chandra K.K. Pandey G. Parthasarathy Surinder m. sharma Department of Physics University of Rajasthan Jaipur 302 004 India High Pressure & Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai 400 085 India CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute Uppal Road Hyderabad 500 007 India

We report here high-pressure investigations on Piplia Kalan eucrite-a member of HED （Howardite -Eucrite-Diogenite） family from asteroid 4-Vesta based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction （up to 16 GPa） and ^57Fe mossbauer spectroscopy （up to 8 GPa）. Dominant with anorthite-rich plagioclase, pigeonite-rich pyroxene and clino-ferrosilite, the sample displayed various phase transitions attaining amorphous character at 16 GPa. These phase transitions of individual components could be explained simultaneously through variations in high-pressure XRD patterns and the mossbauer parameters. most prominent P21/c to C2/c transition of pigeonite and ferrosilite was exhibited both as sudden variation in mossbauer parameters and population inversion of Fe^2＋ in m1 and m2 sites between 2.9 and 3.8 GPa and variation in intensity profile in XRD patterns at 3.56 GPa. Anorthite seemed to respond more to such impact than other components in the sample. Complete amorphization in anorthite which occurred at lower pressure of - 12 GPa implied residual stress experienced due to shock impact. The presence of high pressure （monoclinic） phase of pigeonite and ferrosilite at ambient condition in this eucrite sample confirmed earlier suggestions of an early shock event. This report is an attempt to emphasize the role of anorthite in the determination of the residual stress due to impact process in the parent body thus to understand the behavioral differences amongst HED members.

关键词： meteorites High pressure X-ray diffraction mossbauer spectroscopy Eucrites synchrotron radiation Ferrosilite

Regeneration dynamics of dominant tree species along an altitudinal gradient in moist temperate valley slopes of the Garhwal Himalaya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第1期23卷 53-63页

作者： Sumeet Gairola C.m.sharma S.K.Ghildiyal Sarvesh Suyal Department of Botany Post Box No.51HNB Garhwal UniversitySrinagar Garhwal-246174Uttarakhand India

The present study was undertaken in moist temperate forest of mandal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim of the present study was to understand the regeneration dynamics of the dominant tree species along an altitudinal gradient in naturally regen- erating, restricted access forest. The overall regeneration status was fairly high in the study area. most of the native canopy and undercanopy domi- nants had frequent reproduction and expanding populations, which sug- gests the stability of forest structure/composition and further expansion of dominant species. The overall regeneration of trees in the forest had a greater contribution of middle and understurey species. Because of infre- quent rep＇roduction and declining populations of some of the dominant native species viz., Abies pindrow, Alnus nepalensis and Betula alnoides, structural/compositional changes in the future are expected in respective forests dominated by them..4bies pindrow and Taxus baccata need im- mediate attention by forest managers for their survival in the area. Seed- lings were found to be more prone to competition from herb and shrubs than saplings.

关键词： Garhwal environmental gradient forest structure regenera-tion curves species diversity

Composition and diversity of five major forest types in moist temperate climate of the western Himalayas

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Forestry Studies in China 2011年第2期13卷 139-153页

作者： Sumeet GAIROLA Chandra m. sharma Sarvesh SUYAL Sunil K. GHILDIYAL Department of Botany Post Box No. 51 HNB Garhwal University

The present study was undertaken in five major forest types （dominated by Quercus semecarpifolia, Quercusfloribunda, Acer acuminatum, Abiespindrow and Aesculus indica, respectively） between 2400 and 2850 m a.s.1, in a moist temperate forest of the mandal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim was to assess the variation in composition and diversity in different vegetation layers, i.e., herb, shrub and tree, among these five forest types. Diversity indices, such as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, density, total basal cover, Simpson＇s concentration of dominance index, Simpson＇s diversity index, Pielou＇s equitability, species richness, species heterogeneity and r-diversity, were calculated to understand community structures. Dominance-diversity curves were drawn to ascertain resource apportionment among various species in different forest types.

关键词： density diversity elevation fl-diversity dominance-diversity curves Garhwal Himalayas

Identification of Failure Years by modification of Yield model in Isapur Reservoir, India

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第16期6卷 1509-1516页

作者： Kalpeshkumar m. sharma Deepak V. Pattewar P. D. Dahe Civil Engineering Department MGM’s College of Engineering Nanded India Civil-Water management Department S.G.G.S’s College of Engineering and Technology Nanded India

The failure years for a desired annual reliability of a water use were prespecified in the yield model. These failure years were identified prior to the solution of the model by observing the critical period in the given annual flow record. Some initial trials of the yield model were usually sufficient to identify the failure years. Simulation can be employed for exact identification of these failure years. A method for determination of failure years through the yield model is presented in this paper, as an alternative to simulation. The yield model employing this method is useful when the reliability of water use is to be considered as a decision variable. The method for determination of failure years by yield model is adopted for further analysis and compare with the simulation model, one of the failure year is not matching with the common set of failure years in the simulation model.

关键词： Yield model Simulation model Isapur Reservoir

Yield Estimation for a Single Purpose multi-Reservoir System Using LP Based Yield model

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第7期5卷 28-34页

作者： Deepak V. Pattewar Kalpeshkumar m. sharma P. D. Dahe Civil Engineering Department M. G. M’s College of Engineering Nanded India Civil Water management S. G. G. S College of Engineering and Technology Nanded India

Application of optimization techniques for determining the optimal operation policy for reservoir is a major area in water resources planning and management. Linear programming, ruled by evolution techniques, has become popular for solving optimization problems in diversified fields of science. An LP-based yield model (Ym) has been used to reevaluate the annual yield available from the reservoirs for irrigation. This paper extends the basic yield model and presents a yield model for a multiple-reservoir system consisting of single-purpose reservoirs. Optimum yield of reservoirs system is calculated by yield model. The objective is to achieve prespecified reliability for irrigation and to incorporate an allowable deficit in the annual irrigation target. The yield model is applied to a system of two reservoirs in themanarRiverinIndia. This model can act as a better screening tool in planning by providing outputs that can be very useful in improving the efficiency and accuracy of detailed analysis methods such as simulation.

关键词： Yield model Reservoir Operation Irrigation Releases manar River

Bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and coronavirus disease 2019 leading to cardiovascular disease:A narrative review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第3期12卷 215-237页

作者： Vijay Viswanathan Anudeep Puvvula Ankush D Jamthikar Luca Saba Amer m Johri Vasilios Kotsis Narendra N Khanna Surinder K Dhanjil misha majhail Durga Prasanna misra Vikas Agarwal George D Kitas Aditya m sharma Raghu Kolluri Subbaram Naidu Jasjit S Suri m Viswanathan Hospital for Diabetes M Viswanathan Diabetes Research CentreChennai 600013India Annu’s Hospitals for Skin and Diabetes Nellore 524101Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Electronics and Communications Visvesvaraya National Institute of TechnologyNagpur 440010MaharashtraIndia Department of Radiology University of CagliariMonserrato 09045CagliariItaly Department of medicine Division of CardiologyQueen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada 3rd Department of Internal medicine Hypertension CenterPapageorgiou HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 541-24Greece Department of Cardiology Indraprastha APOLLO HospitalsNew Delhi 110020India Stroke Diagnosis and monitoring Division AtheroPoint™LLCCA 95661United States Stroke Diagnosis and monitoring Division AtheroPoint™RosevilleCA 95661United States Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknow 226014Uttar PradeshIndia Departments of medicine Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknow 226014Uttar PradeshIndia Academic Affairs Dudley Group NHS Foundation TrustDudley DY12HQUnited Kingdom Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit Manchester UniversityManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Division of Cardiovascular medicine University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22908United States OhioHealth Heart and Vascular OhioOH 43082United States Electrical Engineering Department University of MinnesotaDuluthMN 55812United States

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic where several comorbidities have been shown to have a significant effect on *** with diabetes mellitus(Dm)have a higher mortality rate than non-Dm patients if they get *** studies have indicated that patients with a history of diabetes can increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ***,patients without any history of diabetes can acquire newonset Dm when infected with ***,there is a need to explore the bidirectional link between these two conditions,confirming the vicious loop between“Dm/COVID-19”.This narrative review presents(1)the bidirectional association between the Dm and COVID-19,(2)the manifestations of the Dm/COVID-19 loop leading to cardiovascular disease,(3)an understanding of primary and secondary factors that influence mortality due to the Dm/COVID-19 loop,(4)the role of vitamin-D in Dm patients during COVID-19,and finally,(5)the monitoring tools for tracking atherosclerosis burden in Dm patients during COVID-19 and“COVID-triggered Dm”*** conclude that the bidirectional nature of Dm/COVID-19 causes acceleration towards cardiovascular *** to this alarming condition,early monitoring of atherosclerotic burden is required in“Diabetes patients during COVID-19”or“new-onset Diabetes triggered by COVID-19 in Non-Diabetes patients”.

关键词： COVID-19 Diabetes mellitus Bidirectional association Cardiovascular disease Atherosclerotic burden Imaging tools