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Proline and Glutamine Improve in vitro Callus Induction and Subsequent Shooting in Rice

Rice science 2015年第6期22卷 283-289页

作者： Bhausaheb pawar Prashant KALE Jyoti BAHURUPE Ashok JADHAV Anil KALE sharad pawar State Level Biotechnology Centre Mahatma Phule Agricultural University

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of proline and glutamine on in vitro callus induction and subsequent regeneration and to develop a reproducible and highly efficient plant regeneration protocol in four rice genotypes, viz. Pawana, Jaya, Indrayani and Ambemohar. Considerable variation in response to plant growth regulators and amino acid supplements used was observed in all the four genotypes. Medium supplemented with proline and glutamine was shown to be superior to medium without proline and glutamine. The best callusing from mature embryo was observed on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. Shoot induction was higher in the callus obtained from medium supplemented with 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. The highest shoot regeneration frequency （83.2%） was observed on MS medium with 2.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine, 0.5 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 500 mg/L proline, and 500 mg/L glutamine in the callus obtained from MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. Among the four genotypes, Pawana has the highest regeneration efficiency （83.2%）, whereas the regeneration efficiency of the rest three rice genotypes was in the range of 32.0% to 72.3%. This optimized regeneration protocol can be efficiently used for Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in rice.

关键词： callus induction glutamine proline rice Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Murashige and Skoog medium

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Energy Efficiency Evaluation in Pumping System

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2013年第4期3卷 171-180页

作者： sharad P. Jagtap Anand N. pawar Mechanical Engineering Department Government Polytechnic Amravati India Mechanical Engineering Department Government Polytechnic Murtizapur India

Like 3M’s (Man, Machine and Material), energy is one of the major inputs for economic development of the country. In case of developing countries like India, the energy sector assumes critical importance in the view of the ever increasing energy needs, requiring huge investments for new power plant erection. About 85% of total primary energy need comes from fossil fuels. Particularly, oil contributes to 31% primary energy sources and the existence of it from domestic source in India may last for only about 20 years only at the current reserve to production (R/P) ratio. Similarly, coal contributes to 54% primary energy sources and may last for about 114 years at the current reserve to production (R/P) ratio. Water Pumping System is one of the major utilities in SME’s as well as power & process industry, and consumes about 10% - 15% electrical power in Industrial and Agricultural sector. As per TERI Energy data directory yearbook, Industrial sector and Agricultural sector contribute to 45% and 7% of the total energy needed respectively in India. A measurable amount of Industrial production is delivered from small and medium industries operated with inefficient equipment, where it has been difficult to implement efficiency improvements. The objective of Water Pumping System in most cases is either to transfer liquid from one reservoir to another or to circulate liquid across the heat exchanger around a system. Since worldwide, centrifugal pumps account for the majority of electricity used by pumps, this paper focuses on energy saving in centrifugal pumping system with a case study work carried out in an industry.

关键词： Energy Audit Energy Saving Pumping System Performance Evaluation of Pumping System

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