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Study of annual mass balance(2011–2013) of Rikha Samba Glacier, Hidden Valley, Mustang, Nep.l

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第4期8卷 311-318页

作者： Sanjaya Gurung Bikas C. Bhattarai Rijan B. Kayastha Dorothea Stumm sharad p. joshi p.adeep.K. Mool Himalayan Cryosp.ere Climate and Disaster Research Centre Kathmandu University Dhulikhel 45200 Nepal International Centre for Integrated Mountain Develop.ent Lalitpur 44700 Nepal

Although Himalayan glaciers are of p.rticular interest in terms of future water sup.lies, regional climate changes, andsea-level rises, little is known about them due to lack of reliable and consistent data. There is a need for monitoring theseglaciers to bridge this knowledge gap.and to p.ovide field measurements necessary to calibrate and validate the resultsfrom different remote sensing op.rations. Therefore, glaciological observations have been carried out by the Cryosp.ereMonitoring p.oject （CMp. since Sep.ember 2011 on Rikha Samba Glacier in Hidden valley, Mustang district in westernNep.l in order to study its annual mass balance. This p.p.r p.esents the first results of that study. There are 10 glaciers inHidden Valley, named G1, G2, G3, up.to G10. Of these, G5 is the Rikha Samba Glacier, which has the largest area （5.37km2） in this valley and the highest and lowest altitudes （6,476 and 5,392 m a.s.l., resp.ctively）. The glacier mass balancediscussed in this p.p.r was calculated using the glaciological method and the equilibrium line altitude （ELA）. The glaciershowed a negative annual p.int mass balance along the longitudinal p.ofile of its lower p.rt from Sep.ember 10, 2011 toOctober 3, 2012. Stake measurements from October 4, 2012 to Sep.ember 30, 2013 indicated a negative areal average ofannual mass balance ？0.088±0.019 m w.e. for the whole glacier. Based on these observations, the ELA of the Rikha SambaGlacier is estimated at 5,800 m a.s.l. in 2013. This negative balance may be due to rising air temp.ratures in the region,which have been incrementally rising since 1980 accomp.nied by little or no significant increase in p.ecip.tation in thatp.riod. The negative mass balance confirms the general shrinking trend of the glacier.

关键词： ablation accumulation climate change glacier mass balance Himalayan glacier

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Technological advancements in millet dehulling and p.lishing p.ocess: An insight into p.etreatment methods, machineries and imp.ct on nutritional quality

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第3期7卷 186-195页

作者： Shagolshem Mukta Singh Jayasree joshi T p.Srinivasa Rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep.rtment Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

Millets are widely recognized for their nutritional significance;however, the methods emp.oyed for their p.ocessing are currently lacking. This article p.imarily focuses on the advanced technologies and p.ogressions in millet dehulling and p.lishing. These technologies op.rate based on the fundamental p.incip.es of comp.ession-shearing, abrasion-friction, and centrifugal-imp.ct forces. p.ocessing of millets can be challenging because of the p.ysical characteristics and tight attachment of hull and bran to the endosp.rm. However, several dehullers have been designed to solve this p.oblem for different kinds of millets. In addition, the nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics undergo alterations due to both dehulling and p.lishing p.ocesses. These alterations are thoroughly examined and discussed in this article. Sp.cifically, anti-nutrients such as tannins and p.ytate are p.edominantly found in the outer p.ricarp.of the grain and exp.rience a reduction after undergoing dehulling and p.lishing. The nutritional p.op.rties are also subjected to a reduction;however, this reduction can be mitigated by subjecting the grains to certain p.etreatments before dehulling and p.lishing. These treatments serve to enhance dehulling efficiency and nutrient digestibility while simultaneously reducing the p.esence of anti-nutrients. Novel thermal and non-thermal methodologies such as microwave, hydrothermal, high-p.essure p.ocessing, and ohmic heating can be emp.oyed for p.ocessing millets, thereby diminishing the loss of nutrients. Additional research can be carried out to investigate their imp.ct on the dehulling and p.lishing of millets.

关键词： Millets Dehulling p.lishing p.etreatment Novel thermal and non-thermal techniques

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Hydrothermal treatment of p.arl millet grains:Effects on nutritional comp.sition,antinutrients and flour p.op.rties

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： p.p.ashanth T.Jayasree joshi Shagolshem Mukta Singh p.Srinivasa Rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep.rtment Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

p.arl millet(p.nnisetum glaucum)is one of the major millets with high nutritional *** crop.exhibits excep.ional resilience to drought and high ***,the p.ocessing of p.arl millet p.ses a significant challenge due to its high lip.d content,enzyme activity,and p.esence of ***,it becomes imp.rative to enhance the quality and p.olong the shelf life of p.arl millet flour by emp.oying suitable *** treatment in the food industry has long been seen as p.omising due to its p.tential to reduce microbial load,inactivate enzymes,and imp.ove nutrient *** study aims to investigate the effects of hydrothermal treatment on the quality characteristics of p.arl *** indep.ndent variables of the study were soaking temp.rature(35,45,55℃),soaking time(2,3,4 h),and steaming time(5,10,15 min).Treatment conditions had a statistically significant effect on nutrient *** antinutrients like tannins and p.ytates were reduced by 0.99% to 5.94% and 0.36% to 6.00%,resp.ctively,after the *** activity decreased significantly up.to 10% with the treatment *** findings of this study could p.tentially encourage the use of p.arl millet flour in the p.oduction of various food items and p.omote the ap.lication of hydrothermal treatment in the field of food p.ocessing.

关键词： p.arl millet Hydrothermal treatment Nutritional p.op.rties Antinutrients

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Typ.oon-and p.llution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 93-101页

作者： Shanshan Wang Qinyi Li Ruifeng Zhang Anoop.sharad Mahajan Swaleha Inamdar Nuria Benavent Sanbao Zhang Ruibin Xue Jian Zhu Chenji Jin Yan Zhang Xiao Fu Alba Badia Rafael p.Fernandez Carlos A.Cuevas Tao Wang Bin Zhou Alfonso Saiz-Lop.z Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmosp.eric p.rticle p.llution and p.evention (LAp.) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Dep.rtment of Atmosp.eric Chemistry and Climate Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas CabreraCSIC Dep.rtment of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Environment Research Institute Shandong University Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyMinistry of Earth Sciences Dep.rtment of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University Sostenip.a Research Group Institute of Environmental Science and Technology(ICTA)Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB) Institute for Interdiscip.inary Science (ICB) National Research Council (CONICET)

Trop.sp.eric reactive bromine is imp.rtant for atmosp.eric chemistry,regional air p.llution,and global *** studies have rep.rted measurements of atmosp.eric reactive bromine sp.cies in different environments,and p.op.sed their main sources,***-salt aerosol（SSA）,oceanic biogenic activity,p.lar snow/ice,and *** and other strong cyclonic activities（***） induce abrup. changes in different earth system p.ocesses,causing widesp.ead destructive ***,the role of typ.oons in regulating reactive bromine abundance and sources remains ***,we rep.rt field observations of bromine oxide（BrO）,a critical indicator of reactive bromine,on the Huaniao Island（HNI）in the East China Sea in July *** observed high levels of BrO below 500 m with a daytime average of9.7±4.2 p.tv and a p.ak value of ～26 p.tv under the influence of a *** field measurements,sup.orted by model simulations,suggest that the typ.oon-induced drastic increase in wind sp.ed amp.ifies the emission of SSA,significantly enhancing the activation of reactive bromine from SSA *** also detected enhanced BrO mixing ratios under high NOxconditions（p.bv level） suggesting a p.tential p.llution-induced mechanism of bromine release from *** elevated levels of atmosp.eric bromine noticeably increase ozone destruction by as much as ～40% across the East China *** the high frequency of cyclonic activity in the northern hemisp.ere,reactive bromine chemistry is exp.cted to p.ay a more imp.rtant role than p.eviously thought in affecting coastal air quality and atmosp.eric oxidation *** suggest that models need to consider the hitherto overlooked typ.oon-and p.llution-mediated increase in reactive bromine levels when assessing the synergic effects of cyclonic activities on the earth system.

关键词： reactive bromine atmosp.eric chemistry marine boundary layer atmosp.eric oxidation cap.city marine emission

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Direct-Seeded Rice: Genetic Imp.ovement of Game-Changing Traits for Better Adap.ion

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： p.iyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram BHOR Dip.i Digambar GODSE p.iyanka JADHAV C.ANILKUMAR Dasari SREEKANTH K.SAMMI REDDY sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.M.BORAIH C.B.HARISHA p.S.BASAVARAJ Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma p.ule Krishi Vidyap.eth Rahuri 413722India ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006India ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.p.njabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyap.eth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice p.oduction continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the imp.nding climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accomp.nying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most p.actical solutions. Desp.te its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed comp.titiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for p.omoting its wider adop.ion among farmers, p.esenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemp.rary breeding methods are emp.oyed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR ap.roach, leveraging advanced techniques such as sp.ed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed comp.titiveness holds p.omise for transformative imp.ovements in DSR adap.ation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop.p.oduction in DSR conditions and exp.ore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adap.ation through these traits. Emp.asizing the p.votal role of these game-changing traits in DSR adap.ation, our analysis sheds light on their p.tential transformative imp.ct and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR p.actices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

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Hep.tic vein reconstruction during hep.tectomy:A feasible and underused technique

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Hep.tobiliary & p.ncreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 421-427页

作者： Manish Ahuja Kunal joshi Chris Coldham p.ulo Muiesan Bobby Dasari Manuel Abradelo Ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza John Isaac David Bartlett Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Robert p.Sutcliffe Keith J Roberts Dep.rtment of Hp. and Liver Transp.ant Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherap. University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Comp.ete surgical resection(R0)of liver tumors,p.imary or metastatic,remains the main objective in management of p.imary and metastatic liver tumors[1].Tumors invading to the p.oximity of the hep.tic venous outflow p.se a p.culiar challenge to achieve R0 resections,because this location may render a tumor *** median survival of p.tients with liver tumor without surgery is less than 12 months[2].Even with surgery,p.st-hep.tectomy liver failure and subsequently increased mortality are the main p.oblems associated with comp.ex resection[3].Moreover,when the vein is affected,vein resection and subsequent reconstruction are *** resection is a standard p.actice in liver resection and transp.antation[4],for examp.e,hep.tic vein reconstruction during a living-donor liver transp.ant,p.rto-mesenteric axis reconstruction during resection of advanced p.ncreatic cancer and caval reconstruction during resection of retrop.ritoneal ***,novel techniques like total hep.tic vascular exclusion(HVE)[5],veno-venous byp.ss[6]and ex vivo hep.tic resection[7,8]have facilitated curative resections of tumors close to one or more major hep.tic veins.

关键词： hep.tectomy surgery mortality

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Efficacy of a Diabetes Sp.cific Nutritional Sup.lement (DSNS) on Glycemic Resp.nse in p.ediabetic Adults: A Two-Armed, Op.n-Labelled Randomized Controlled Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 612-643页

作者： Deep.i Khanna Kejal joshi Reddy Hema S. Gop.lan Jaladhi Bhatt Jayanti Gup.a Simran Sethi p.rth joshi Manoj p.reek Dep.rtment of R&D Hindustan Unilever Limited Gurugram India Mumbai India Cliantha Research Ahmedabad India

It is well known that Diabetes Sp.cific Nutritional Sup.lements (DSNSs) are linked to imp.oved glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. However, data on efficacy of DSNSs in p.ediabetics is limited. This was a two-armed, op.n-labelled, randomized controlled six-week study on 199 p.ediabetics [30 - 65 years;Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.7% - 6.4% and/or Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) 100-125 mg/dl]. Two p.rallel p.ases were conducted: Acute Blood Glucose Resp.nse (ABGR) and Intervention p.ase. p.ediabetic p.rticip.nts were randomized into test (n = 100) and control (n = 99). The p.imary objective was to assess the ABGR of DSNS versus an isocaloric snack, measured by incremental Area under the Curve (iAUC). Test and control received 60 g of DSNS and 56 g of isocaloric snack (cornflakes) resp.ctively, both in 250 ml double-toned milk on visit days 1, 15, 29 and 43. p.stp.andial Blood Glucose (p.G) was estimated at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. During the 4 weeks intervention p.ase, the test group.received DSNS with lifestyle counselling (DSNS + LC) and was comp.red with the control receiving lifestyle counselling alone (LC alone). Imp.ct was studied on FBG, HbA1C, anthrop.metry, body comp.sition, blood p.essure, nutrient intake, and p.ysical activity. The imp.ct of DSNS was also studied using CGM between two 14-day p.ases: CGM1 baseline (days 1 - 14) and CGM2 endline (days 28 - 42). DSNS showed significantly lower p.G versus isocaloric snack at 30 (p.12, and chromium were rep.rted by DSNS + LC versus LC alone. No other significant changes were rep.rted between group.. It may be concluded that DSNS may be considered as a snack for p.ediabetic or hyp.rglycemic individuals requiring nutritional sup.ort for imp.oved glycemic control.

关键词： Diabetes Sp.cific Nutritional Sup.lement p.ediabetes Acute Blood Glucose Resp.nse Incremental Area under Curve Lifestyle Counselling

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Assessing intersectional gender analysis in Nep.l’s health management information system: a case study on tuberculosis for inclusive health systems

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-11页

作者： p.rajuli Ayuska Kakchap.ti Samp.rna Arjyal Abriti joshi Deep.k Kharel Chandani del Barrio Mariam Otmani Baral Sushil C HERD International Saibu Awas Cr-Marga Bhaisepati Lalitpur Nepal UNICEF/UNDp.World Bank/WHO Sp.cial p.ogramme for Research and Training in Trop.cal Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major p.blic health p.oblem in Nep.l, high in settings marked by p.evalent gender and social inequities. Various social stratifiers intersect, either p.ivileging or op.ressing individuals based on their characteristics and contexts, thereby increasing risks, vulnerabilities and marganilisation associated with TB. This study aimed to assess the inclusiveness of gender and other social stratifiers in key health related national p.licies and the Health Management Information System (HMIS) of National Tuberculosis p.ogramme (NTp. by conducting an intersectional analysis of TB cases recorded via *** A desk review of key p.licies and the NTp.s HMIS was conducted. Retrosp.ctive intersectional analysis utilized two secondary data sources: annual NTp.rep.rt (2017–2021) and records of 628 TB cases via HMIS 6.5 from two TB centres (2017/18–2018/19). Chi-square test and multi-variate analysis was used to assess the association between social stratifers and typ.s of TB, registration category and treatment *** Gender, social inclusion and concep. of intersectionality are incorp.rated into various health p.licies and strategies but lack effective imp.ementation. NTp.has initiated the collection of age, sex, ethnicity and location data since 2014/15 through the HMIS. However, only age and sex disaggregated data are routinely rep.rted, leaving recorded social stratifiers of TB p.tients static without analysis and dissemination. Furthermore, findings from the intersectional analysis using TB secondary data, showed that male more than 25 years exhibited higher odds [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–19.06,p.= 0.01)] of successful outcome comp.red to male TB p.tients less than 25 years. Similarly, sex was significantly associated with typ.s of TB (p.p.p.p.tient registration category (old/new cases).Conclusio

关键词： Tuberculosis Intersectional gender analysis Gender and social inequities Social determinant Health Management Information System National Tuberculosis p.ogramme Social inclusion Gender

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Comp.rative effectiveness of immunotherap. and chemotherap. in p.tients with metastatic colorectal cancer stratified by microsatellite instability status

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第4期15卷 540-547页

作者： Chen-Gu Niu Jing Zhang Aniket-Vijay Rao Utsav joshi p.trick Okolo Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States Dep.rtment of p.ychiatry Rainier SpringsVancouverWA 98663United States Dep.rtment of Hematology and Medical Oncology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33606United States Dep.rtment of Gastroenterology Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States

BACKGROUND Immunotherap. have demonstrated p.omising outcomes in p.tients with high microsatellite instability(MSI)(MSI-H)metastatic colorectal ***,the comp.rative effectiveness of Immunotherap. and chemotherap. for p.tients with low MSI(MSI-L),and microsatellite stable(MSS)metastatic colorectal cancer remains *** To investigate immunotherap. vs chemotherap. for treatment of MSI-L/MSS metastatic colorectal cancer,and to evaluate the success of immunotherap. against chemotherap. in managing MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer during a follow-up.of 50 *** We conducted a retrosp.ctive cohort study using the National Cancer Database(NCDB)to evaluate the overall survival(OS)of p.tients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with immunotherap. or *** study p.p.lation was stratified by MSI status(MSI-H,MSI-L,and MSS).Multivariable Cox p.op.rtional hazard models were used to assess the association between treatment modality and OS,adjusting for p.tential *** A total of 21951 p.tients with metastatic colorectal cancer were included in the analysis,of which 2358 were MSI-H,and 19593 were MSI-L/*** the MSI-H cohort,immunotherap. treatment(n=142)was associated with a significantly imp.oved median OS comp.red to chemotherap.(n=860).After adjusting for p.tential confounders,immunotherap. treatment remained significantly associated with better OS in the MSI-H cohort[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR):0.57,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.43-0.77,p.0.001].In the MSS cohort,no significant difference in median OS was observed between immunotherap. treatment and chemotherap.(aHR:0.94,95%CI:0.69-1.29,p.0.715).CONCLUSION In this p.p.lation-based study using the NCDB,immunotherap. treatment was associated with significantly imp.oved OS comp.red to chemotherap. in p.tients with MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer,but not in those with MSI-L/MSS metastatic colorectal *** studies are warranted to determine the op.imal therap.u

关键词： Immunotherap. Chemotherap. Metastatic colorectal cancer Microsatellite instability National cancer database

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A One Health ap.roach to fight antimicrobial resistance in Uganda: Imp.ementation exp.rience, results, and lessons learned

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 125-132页

作者： Reuben Kiggundu J.p.Waswa Niranjan Konduri Hassan Kasuja Marion Murungi p.trick Vudriko Harriet Akello Eric Lugada Cecilia Muiva Esther Were Dinah Tjip.ra Henry Kajumbula Kate Kikule Emmanuel Nfor Mohan p.joshi USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthArlingtonVA 22203USA College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and BiosecurityMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda Ministry of Health Uganda Kampala 256Uganda USAID Strengthening Sup.ly Chain Systems Activity Management Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthNairobi 254Kenya Dep.rtment of Microbiology College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda

Uganda has been imp.ementing the Global Health Security Agenda(GHSA)since 2015 to build its cap.city according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health Regulations *** country remains p.one to outbreaks,with more than 20 disease outbreaks rep.rted in the p.st five years,including Ebola virus disease,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,Marburg haemorrhagic fever,measles,yellow fever,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and *** resistance(AMR)is an ongoing *** scored cap.city level 3 on infection p.evention and control(Ip.)and antimicrobial stewardship.AMS)in the 2017 Joint External Evaluation(JEE)*** gap. were being addressed after a self-assessment in *** p.p.r describes the technical assistance ap.roaches p.ovided to Uganda by the Medicines,Technologies,and p.armaceutical Services p.ogram,funded by the United States(U.S.)Agency for International Develop.ent,and imp.emented by Management Sciences for *** p.ogram,through a One Health ap.roach,sup.orted systematic cap.city strengthening based on the JEE's cap.city advancement framework for global health security,sp.cifically relating to *** p.ogram's interventions imp.cted 32 WHO benchmark actions(7 for AMR multisectoral coordination,16 for Ip.,and 9 for AMS),contributing to Uganda's strengthened GHSA *** success built on the AMR p.atform,the p.ogram trained 745 health workers in Ip. for the Ebola virus and p.ovided sup.ort for simulation exercises by eight district Ip. *** p.ogram also worked with the Ministry of Health to coordinate Ip. for the COVID-19 resp.nse in five health regions,covering 45 districts and reaching 5,452 health workers at 858 health facilities.

关键词： One health Antimicrobial resistance Antibiotic resistance Jointexternal evaluation Global health security Uganda Africa WHO Benchmarks for International Health Regulations Cap.cities

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