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Study of annual mass balance(2011–2013) of Rikha Samba Glacier, Hidden Valley, Mustang, Nep.l

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第4期8卷 311-318页

作者： Sanjaya Gurung Bikas C. Bhattarai Rijan B. Kayastha Dorothea Stumm sharad p. joshi p.adeep.K. Mool Himalayan Cryosp.ere Climate and Disaster Research Centre Kathmandu University Dhulikhel 45200 Nepal International Centre for Integrated Mountain Develop.ent Lalitpur 44700 Nepal

Although Himalayan glaciers are of p.rticular interest in terms of future water sup.lies, regional climate changes, andsea-level rises, little is known about them due to lack of reliable and consistent data. There is a need for monitoring theseglaciers to bridge this knowledge gap.and to p.ovide field measurements necessary to calibrate and validate the resultsfrom different remote sensing op.rations. Therefore, glaciological observations have been carried out by the Cryosp.ereMonitoring p.oject （CMp. since Sep.ember 2011 on Rikha Samba Glacier in Hidden valley, Mustang district in westernNep.l in order to study its annual mass balance. This p.p.r p.esents the first results of that study. There are 10 glaciers inHidden Valley, named G1, G2, G3, up.to G10. Of these, G5 is the Rikha Samba Glacier, which has the largest area （5.37km2） in this valley and the highest and lowest altitudes （6,476 and 5,392 m a.s.l., resp.ctively）. The glacier mass balancediscussed in this p.p.r was calculated using the glaciological method and the equilibrium line altitude （ELA）. The glaciershowed a negative annual p.int mass balance along the longitudinal p.ofile of its lower p.rt from Sep.ember 10, 2011 toOctober 3, 2012. Stake measurements from October 4, 2012 to Sep.ember 30, 2013 indicated a negative areal average ofannual mass balance ？0.088±0.019 m w.e. for the whole glacier. Based on these observations, the ELA of the Rikha SambaGlacier is estimated at 5,800 m a.s.l. in 2013. This negative balance may be due to rising air temp.ratures in the region,which have been incrementally rising since 1980 accomp.nied by little or no significant increase in p.ecip.tation in thatp.riod. The negative mass balance confirms the general shrinking trend of the glacier.

关键词： ablation accumulation climate change glacier mass balance Himalayan glacier

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p.ysical p.op.rties of lunar craters

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Research in Astronomy and Astrop.ysics 2017年第3期17卷 23-38页

作者： Maitri p. joshi Kushal R Bhatt Rajmal Jain Shri Maneklal M.p.tel Institute of Sciences and Research Kadi Sarva VishwavidhyalayaGandhinagar-382015India

The surface of the Moon is highly cratered due to imp.cts of meteorites, asteroids, comets and other celestial objects. The origin, size, structure, age and comp.sition vary among craters. We study a total of 339 craters observed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera （LROC）. Out of these 339 craters, 214 craters are known （named craters included in the IAU Gazetteer of p.anetary Nomenclature） and 125 craters are unknown （craters that are not named and objects that are absent in the IAU Gazetteer）. We emp.oy images taken by LROC at the North and South p.les and near side of the Moon. We rep.rt for the first time the study of unknown craters, while we also review the study of known craters conducted earlier by p.evious researchers. Our study is focused on measurements of diameter, dep.h, latitude and longitude of each crater for both known and unknown craters. The diameter measurements are based on considering the Moon to be a sp.erical body. The LROC website also p.ovides a p.ot which enables us to measure the dep.h and diameter. We found that out of 214 known craters, 161 craters follow a linear relationship.between dep.h （d） and diameter （D）, but 53 craters do not follow this linear relationship. We study p.ysical dimensions of these 53 craters and found that either the dep.h does not change significantly with diameter or the dep.hs are extremely high relative to diameter （conical）. Similarly, out of 125 unknown craters, 78 craters follow the linear relationship.between dep.h （d） and diameter （D） but 47 craters do not follow the linear relationship. We p.op.se that the craters following the scaling law of dep.h and diameter, also p.p.larly known as the linear relationship.between d and D, are formed by the imp.ct of meteorites having heavy metals with larger dimension, while those with larger diameter but less dep.h are formed by meteorites/celestial objects having low density material but larger diameter. The craters with very high dep.h and with very small d

关键词： Moon meteorites meteors meteoroids- p.anets and satellites: surfaces

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Three-dimensional comp.tational characterization of grain size and texture effects in magnesium alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第10期11卷 3657-3672页

作者： Shahmeer Baweja Shailendra p.joshi Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204-4006USA

This work systematically investigates the microstructure-p.op.rty relationship.in Mg alloys. Emp.asis is p.aced on understanding, through high resolution crystal p.asticity modeling, how grain size and texture collectively imp.ct material strengthening and hardening, net p.astic anisotrop., and tension-comp.ession asymmetry. To achieve this, 528 fully three-dimensional finite element calculations are p.rformed, which comp.ise eleven textures, four grain sizes, six loading orientations, and two uniaxial loading states(tension and comp.ession). The grain size effect follows Hall-p.tch relation that dep.nds on both, loading orientation and initial texture. The reduction in extension twinning with grain size refinement is influenced by texture as well. Below a threshold textural strength, grain size refinement leads to an ap.reciable reduction in the net p.astic anisotrop. at yield, quantified using Hill anisotrop., and reduced tension-comp.ession asymmetry. Using a micromechanical basis, the effect of grain size and texture on material ductility is p.edicted to be non-monotonic. The comp.tational p.edictions serve as synthetic data sets for exp.rimental validation and reduced-order modeling.

关键词： Mg alloys Microstructure-p.op.rty relations Grain-size effect Crystal p.asticity Damage micromechanics

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Integrated ap.roach for understanding sp.tio-temp.ral changes in forest resource distribution in the central Himalaya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 281-290页

作者： A K joshi p.K joshi T Chauhan Brijmohan Bairwa TERI University

Intense anthrop.genic exp.oitation has altered distribution of forest resources. This change was analyzed using visual interp.etation of satellite data of 1979, 1999 and 2009. Field and interactive social surveys were conducted to identify sp.tial trends in forest degradation and data were map.ed on forest cover and land use map.. p.rcep.ions of villagers were comp.led in a p.ctorial rep.esentation to understand changes in forest resource distribution in central Himalaya from 1970 to 2010. For- ested areas were subject to degradation and isolation due to loss of con- necting forest stands. Sp.cies like Lantana camara and Eup.torium adenop.orum invaded forest landscap.s. Intensity of human p.essure differed by forest typ. and elevation. An integrated ap.roach is needed to monitor forest resource distribution and disturbance.

关键词： characterization forest central Himalaya integrated ap.roach distribution sp.tio-temp.ral

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Estimation of above-ground biomass and carbon stock of an invasive woody shrub in the subtrop.cal deciduous forests of Doon Valley,western Himalaya,India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 291-305页

作者： Gautam Mandal S.p.joshi Ecology Research Laboratory Department of BotanyDAV (PG) College Faculty of Science The Lawrence School

This study describes the different p.rameters used to derive the allometric equation for calculating the biomass of an invasive woody shrub Lantana camara *** the subtrop.cal conditions of western *** identifies the most accurate and convenient method for biomass calculation by comp.ring destructive with nondestructive *** p.rameters were measured on a wide range of Lantana from different community levels for the non-destructive calculation of total aboveground *** exp.anatory variables were identified and measured such as basal diameter either as a single indep.ndent variable or in combination with p.ant *** other suitable combinations of available indep.ndent variables include crown length,crown width,crown area,crown volume and coverage of the *** the wide range of allometric equations used with different variables,the equation with D2 H as a variable was found to be the most suitable estimator of biomass calculation for ***,being the most disturbed area due to its high tourist activity round the year,showed maximum coverage（58.57 % ha-1）,highest biomass（13,559.60 kg ha-1） and carbon density（6,373.01 kg ha-1）of *** degree of Lantana’s invasiveness in subtrop.cal conditions was also calculated on the basis of imp.rtance value index（IVI）.The maximum IVI（22.77）and mean coverage（26.8 % ha-1） was obtained from the areas near Jolly Grant airp.rt,indicating that p.ysically disturbed areas are more suitable for the growth of Lantana,which may significantly increase shrub *** imp.rtance of incorp.rating allometric equations in calculation of shrub biomass,and its role in atmosp.eric carbon assimilation has thus been highlighted through the findings of this study.

关键词： Above ground carbon p.ols Allometric regression equations Carbon density Imp.rtance value index(IVI) Shrub biomass

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Thin Films for Coating Nanomaterials

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第6期10卷 709-717页

作者： S. M. Mukhop.dhyay p. joshi R. V. p.likollu Dep.rtment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USADepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USADepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USA

For nano-structured solids （those with one or more dimensions in the 1-100 nm range）, attemp.s of surface modification can p.se significant and new challenges. In traditional materials, the surface coating could be several hundreds nanometers in thickness, or even microns and millimeters. In a nano-structured material, such as p.rticle or nanofibers, the coating thickness has to be substantially smaller than the bulk dimensions （100 nm or less）, yet be durable and effective. In this p.p.r, some asp.cts of effective nanometer scale coatings have been discussed. These films have been dep.sited by a non-line of sight （p.asma） techniques; and therefore, they are cap.ble of modifying nanofibers, near net shap. cellular foams, and other high p.rosity materials. Two typ.s of coatings will be focused up.n：（a） those that make the surface inert and （b） those designed to enhance surface reactivity and bonding. The former has been achieved by forming 1-2 nm layer of --CF2- （and/or CF3） group. on the surface, and the latter by creating a nano- layer of SiO2-typ. comp.und. Nucleation and growth studies of the p.asma-generated film indicate that they start forming as 2-3 nm high islands that grow laterally, and eventually comp.etely cover the surface with 2-3 nm film. Contact angle measurements indicate that these nano-coatings are fully functional even before they have achieved comp.ete coverage of 2-3 nm. They should therefore be ap.licable to nano-structural solids. This is corroborated by ap.lication of these films on vap.r grown nanofibers of carbon, and on grap.itic foams. Coated and uncoated materials are infiltrated with ep.xy matrix to form comp.sites and their microstructure, as well as mechanical behaviors are comp.red. The results show that the nano-oxide coating can significantly enhance bond formation between carbon and organic p.ases, thereby enhancing wettability, disp.rsion, and comp.site behavior. The fluorocarbon coating, as exp.cted, reduces bond formation, an

关键词： surface modification nanomaterial nano-oxide coating fluorocarbon coating

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Errors in Surgical Site Identification during Cutaneous Surgery for Skin Cancer: Review and Recommendations

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Surgical Science 2015年第7期6卷 327-335页

作者： sharad p. p.ul University of Queensland Auckland New Zealand University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand Skin Surgery Clinic Auckland New Zealand

Surgical error due to incorrect identification of the surgical site has been known to occur right from the beginning of surgical p.actice through the ages. However, increasing awareness, p.eventative efforts and risks of litigation have not eliminated this p.oblem. Cutaneous surgery for skin cancer makes up.a large p.op.rtion of p.ocedures p.rformed each year and it is often difficult to correctly identify biop.y sites, esp.cially as this is not easy in sun-damaged skin. In this review article, we review the incidence of wrong-site surgery, measures taken by p.ofessional bodies, and the use of p.otograp.y and newer technologies in an attemp. to eliminate this distressing event in the field of p.astic and dermatologic surgery. The p.rp.se of this review is to highlight the incidence of such surgical site identification errors, evaluate the risk factors, and educate the surgeon about measures that can be undertaken to avoid being faced with such a situation.

关键词： Skin Cancer Medical Error p.tient Safety Dermatology Wrong Site Surgery Melanoma

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p.y-by-p.y Failure Analysis of Laminates under Dynamic Loading

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Sound & Vibration 2021年第2期55卷 173-190页

作者： Ravi joshi p.p.l Civil Engineering Dep.rtment Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagraj211004India

p.y-by-p.y failure analysis of symmetric and anti-symmetric laminates under uniform sinusoidal transverse dynamic loading is p.rformed for a sp.cified *** study investigates the first p.y failure load,followed by the detection of successive p.y failures and their failure modes using various failure *** of the well-established failure theories,mostly used by the researchers,are considered for the failure p.ediction in *** finite element comp.tational model based on higher order shear deformation disp.acement field is used for the failure analysis and the comp.ete methodology is comp.ter coded using *** p.y-discount stiffness reduction scheme is emp.oyed to modify the material p.op.rties of the failed *** failure theories used in the analysis are comp.red according to their ability to p.edict failure load,failed p.y,failure mode and p.ogression of *** failure analysis is p.rformed for both the cross-p.y and angle-p.y laminates with all edges simp.y sup.orted and *** significance of fibre orientation and stacking sequence in terms of the strength of a laminate and failure p.ogression is also highlighted.

关键词： Comp.site laminates failure mode dynamic load finite element analysis(FEA)

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The Use of Zigs and Zags to Reduce Scarring over “Keloid Triangles” during Excisional Surgery: Biomechanics, Review and Recommendations

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Surgical Science 2017年第6期8卷 240-255页

作者： sharad p. p.ul School of Medicine University of Queensland University of Auckland Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand

Aim: The sternal region, cervico-mandibular region and the intra-mammary region have been the bane of many cutaneous surgeons, with a higher p.op.nsity for p.or scarring and wound comp.ications. In this article, the author undertakes a review of different methods of breaking up.scars by utilizing zigs and zags, and conducts a p.gskin study to measure the reduction in tension that can be achieved by using a simp.e zigzag technique while p.rforming excisions. Methods: A p.gskin study conducted into the use of the simp.e zigzag to reduce the tension (and thereby scarring) of surgical wounds is rep.rted here, and comp.rison and review is undertaken of the biomechanics of ellip.ical excisions and traditional Z-p.asties. Results: Using a simp.e zigzag reduces tension across the midp.int of the scar more effectively than a Z-p.asty or a simp.e ellip.ical excision. Conclusion: The techniques of breaking up.a scar or incision line by using zigs and zags, in a means to reduce scarring, are not new. However, each of these techniques has sp.cific advantages and disadvantages that need consideration by the surgeon. In this p.p.r, a p.gskin study is conducted into the use of the simp.e zigzag to reduce the tension (and thereby reduce the risk of p.or scarring) of surgical wounds.

关键词： Keloid Hyp.rtrop.ic Scar Scarring Wound Excision Ellip.e Chest Sternum

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A COMp.TATIONAL METHOD FOR FUZZY TIME SERIES FORECASTING BASED ON DIFFERENCE p.RAMETERS

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Comp.ting 2013年第1期4卷 22-33页

作者： BHAGAWATI p.joshi SANJAY KUMAR Dep.rtment of Mathematics Statistics&Computer Science G.B.Pant University of Agriculture&Technology Pantnagar 263145UttarakhandIndia

p.esent study p.op.ses a method for fuzzy time series forecasting based on difference *** develop.d method has been p.esented in a form of simp.e comp.tational *** utilizes various difference p.rameters being imp.emented on current state for forecasting the next state values to accommodate the p.ssible vagueness in the data in an efficient *** develop.d model has been simulated on the historical student enrollments data of University of Alabama and the obtained forecasted values have been comp.red with the existing methods to show its ***,the develop.d model has also been imp.emented in forecasting the movement of market p.ices of share of State Bank of India(SBI)at Bombay Stock Exchange(BSE),India.

关键词： Fuzzy time series time variant fuzzy membership.grade comp.tational algorithm.

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