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A Full-Scale Optimization of a Crop Spatial Planting Structure and its Associated Effects

Engineering 2023年第9期28卷 139-152页

作者： Qi Liu Jun Niu Taisheng Du shaozhong kang Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources Beijing 100083China National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province Wuwei 733000China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Saving of the Ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100083China

Driven by the concept of agricultural sustainable development,crop planting structure optimization(CPSO)has become an effective measure to reduce regional crop water demand,ensure food security,and protect the environment.However,traditional optimization of crop planting structures often ignores the impact on regional food supply–demand relations and interprovincial food trading.Therefore,using a system analysis concept and taking virtual water output as the connecting point,this study proposes a theoretical CPSO framework based on a multi-aspect and full-scale evaluation index system.To this end,a water footprint(WF)simulation module denoted as soil and water assessment tool–water footprint(SWAT-WF)is constructed to simulate the amount and components of regional crop WFs.A multi-objective spatial CPSO model with the objectives of maximizing the regional economic water productivity(EWP),minimizing the blue water dependency(BWFrate),and minimizing the grey water footprint(GWFgrey)is established to achieve an optimal planting layout.Considering various benefits,a fullscale evaluation index system based on region,province,and country scales is constructed.Through an entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)comprehensive evaluation model,the optimal plan is selected from a variety of CPSO plans.The proposed framework is then verified through a case study of the upper–middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in Gansu province,China.By combining the theory of virtual water trading with system analysis,the optimal planting structure is found.While sacrificing reasonable regional economic benefits,the optimization of the planting structure significantly improves the regional water resource benefits and ecological benefits at different scales.

关键词： Planting structure optimization Full-scale evaluation index system Water footprint SWAT-WF module Interprovincial food trade Entropy weight TOPSIS

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Integrated model simulates bigger, sweeter tomatoes under changing climate under reduced nitrogen and water input

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Horticulture Research 2023年第5期10卷 61-71页

作者： Huiping Zhou shaozhong kang Michel Génard Gilles Vercambre Jinliang Chen Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province Wuwei 733009China INRAE UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon Cedex 9 F-84914France

When simulating the response of fruit growth and quality to environmental factors and cultivation practices,the interactions between the mother plant and fruit need to be considered as a whole system.Here,we developed the integrative Tomato plant and fruit Growth and Fruit Sugar metabolism(TGFS)model by coupling equations describing the biophysical processes of leaf gas exchange,water transport,carbon allocation,organ growth and fruit sugar metabolism.The model also accounts for effects of soil nitrogen and atmospheric CO_(2) concentration on gaseous exchange of water and carbon by the leaf.With different nitrogen and water input values,TGFS performed well at simulating the dry mass of the tomato leaf,stem,root,and fruit,and the concentrations of soluble sugar and starch in fruit.TGFS simulations showed that increasing air temperature and CO_(2) concentration has positive effects on fruit growth,but not on sugar concentrations.Further model-based analyses of cultivation scenarios suggest that,in the context of climate change,decreasing N by 15%–25%and decreasing irrigation by 10%–20%relative to current levels would increase tomato fresh weight by 27.8%–36.4% while increasing soluble sugar concentration by up to 10%.TGFS provides a promising tool to optimise N and water inputs for sustainable high-quality tomatoes.

关键词： soil sugar metabolism

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中国农业节水十年:成就、挑战及对策

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中国水利 2024年第10期 1-9页

作者：康绍忠中国农业大学农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室北京100083

水是农业的命脉。在水资源紧缺形势下,保障国家食物安全和农产品有效供给,必须实施农业节水,发展高水效农业。在系统总结过去10年我国农业节水在保障国家食物安全和农产品有效供给、促进区域农业可持续发展和生态环境改善、促进现代农... 详细信息

水是农业的命脉。在水资源紧缺形势下,保障国家食物安全和农产品有效供给,必须实施农业节水,发展高水效农业。在系统总结过去10年我国农业节水在保障国家食物安全和农产品有效供给、促进区域农业可持续发展和生态环境改善、促进现代农业转型升级和提质增效以及带动农业节水产业发展等方面取得的巨大成就基础上,分析了当前我国农业节水与国际先进水平的差距,以及在农业节水相关基础数据观测和长期积累、节水评价指标体系和考核标准、灌溉面积盲目扩张与农业适水发展、灌区续建配套节水改造和高标准农田建设衔接、高效节水灌溉与农艺技术配套、农业水价综合改革与节水灌溉工程设施可持续运行机制和政策、农业节水科技创新与节水产业发展等方面面临的问题和挑战,提出了促进农业节水高质量发展的建议。

关键词：农业节水适水发展评价指标藏水于技政策供给

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Modeling of hydrological processes in arid agricultural regions

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015年第4期2卷 283-294页

作者： Jiang LI Xiaomin MAO shaozhong kang David ABARRY College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Laboratoire de technologieécologique Institut d’ingénierie de l’environnementStation 2Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Understanding of hydrological processes,including consideration of interactions between vegetation growth and water transfer in the root zone,underpins efficient use of water resources in arid-zone agriculture.Water transfers take place in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum,and include groundwater dynamics,unsaturated zone flow,evaporation/transpiration from vegetated/bare soil and surface water,agricultural canal/surface water flow and seepage,and well pumping.Models can be categorized into three classes:(1)regional distributed hydrological models with various land uses,(2)groundwater-soil-plant-atmosphere continuum models that neglect lateral water fluxes,and(3)coupled models with groundwater flow and unsaturated zone water dynamics.This review highlights,in addition,future research challenges in modeling arid-zone agricultural systems,e.g.,to effectively assimilate data from remote sensing,and to fully reflect climate change effects at various model scales.

关键词： hydrological processes irrigation area SPAC crop growth groundwater canal seepage

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Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016年第1期3卷 55-64页

作者： Hui RAN shaozhong kang Fusheng LI Ling TONG Taisheng DU Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Scientific irrigation and nitrogen management is important for agricultural production in arid areas. To quantify the effect of water and nitrogen management on yield components, biomass partitioning and harvest index(HI) of maize for seed production with plastic filmmulching, field experiments including different irrigation and N treatments were conducted in arid north-west China in 2013 and 2014. The results indicated that kernel number per plant(KN) was signi ficantly affected by irrigation and N treatments. However, 100-kernel weight was relatively stable. Reducing irrigation quantity signi ficantly increased stem partitioning index(PI_(stem)) and leaf partitioning index(PIl_(eaf)), and decreased ear partitioning index(PI_(ear)) at harvest, but lowering Nrate(from 500 to 100 kg N$hm^(–2))did not signi ficantly reduce PI_(stem), PI leaf, andPIl_(eaf) at harvest. HI was signi ficantly reduced by reducing irrigation quantity, but not by reducing Nrate. Linear relationships were found between KN, PI_(stem), PI leaf,PIl_(eaf) at harvest and HI and evapotranspiration(ET).

关键词： yield components biomass partitioning harvest index irrigation nitrogen maize for seed production

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Effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in arid Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第2期5卷 143-154页

作者： Jing JIANG ZaiLin HUO ShaoYuan FENG shaozhong kang FenXing WANG ChaoBo ZHANG College of Water Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Centre for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Water Science and Engineering Yangzhou University

Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to study the effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in an arid region of Northwest China. Nine treatments included three salinity levels sl, s2 and s3 （0.65, 3.2, and 6.1 dS/m） in combination with three water levels wl, w2 and w3 （375, 300, and 225 mm）. In 2008, for most treatments, deficit irrigation showed adverse effects on wheat growth; meanwhile, the effect of saline irrigation was not apparent. In 2009, growth parameters of wl treatments were not always optimal under saline irrigation. At 3.2 and 6.1 dS/m in 2008, the highest yield was obtained by wl treatments, however, in 2009, the weight of 1,000 grains and wheat yield both followed the order w2 〉 wl 〉 w3. In this study, spring wheat was sensitive to water deficit, especially at the booting to grain-filling stages, but was not significantly affected by saline irrigation and the combination of the two factors. The results demonstrated that 300-mm irrigation water with a salinity of less than 3.2 dS/m is suitable for wheat fields in the study area.

关键词： saline water irrigation leaf area index （LAI） leaf potential yield components

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Comparison of evapotranspiration and energy partitioning related to main biotic and abiotic controllers in vineyards using different irrigation methods

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第4期7卷 490-504页

作者： Lei GAO Peng ZHAO shaozhong kang Sien LI Ling TONG Risheng DING Hongna LU Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Wuwei Experimental Station for Efficient Water Use in Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuwei 733000China

Knowledge of evapotranspiration(ET)and energy partitioning is useful for optimizing water management,especially in areas where water is scarce.A study was undertaken in a furrow-irrigated vineyard(2015)and a drip-irrigated vineyard(2017)in an arid region of northwest China to compare vineyard ET and energy partitioning and their responses to soil water content(SWC)and leaf area index(LAI).ET and soil evaporation(E)and transpiration(T)were determined using eddy covariance,microlysimeters,and sap flow.Seasonal average E/ET,T/ET,crop coefficient(Kc),evaporation coefficient(Ke),and basal crop coefficient(Kcb)were 0.50,0.50,0.67,0.35,and 0.29,respectively,in the furrow-irrigated vineyard and 0.42,0.58,0.57,0.29,and 0.43 in the dripirrigated vineyard.The seasonal average partitioning of net radiation(Rn)into the latent heat flux(LE),sensible heat flux(H)and soil heat flux(G)(LE/Rn,H/Rn,and G/Rn),evaporative fraction(EF)and Bowen ratio(β)were 0.57,0.26,0.17,0.69 and 0.63,respectively,in the furrowirrigated vineyard and 0.46,0.36,0.17,0.57 and 0.97 in the drip-irrigated vineyard.The LE/Rn,H/Rn,EF,andβwere linearly correlated with LAI.The E,Kc,Ke,E/ET,LE/Rn,LEs/Rn(ratio of LE by soil E to Rn),H/Rn,EF andβwere closely correlated with topsoil SWC(10 cm depth).Responses of ET and energy partitioning to the LAI and SWC differed under the two irrigation methods.Drip irrigation reduced seasonal average E/ET and increased average T/ET.From the perspective of energy partitioning,seasonal average H/Rn increased whereas LE/Rn,especially LEs/Rn,decreased.Compared with furrow irrigation,drip irrigation decreased the proportion of unproductive water consumption thereby contributing to enhanced water use efficiency and accumulation of dry matter.

关键词： crop coefficient eddy covariance microlysimeter sap flow soil evaporation transpiration

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Alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high irrigation frequency improves root growth and reduces unproductive water loss by apple trees in arid north-west China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第2期5卷 188-196页

作者： Shaoqing DU Ling TONG shaozhong kang Fusheng LI Taisheng DU Sien LI Risheng DING Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation(APRI)can improve water use efficiency in arid areas. However,the effectiveness and outcomes of different frequencies of APRI on water uptake capacity and physiological water use have not been reported. A two-year field experiment was conducted with two irrigation amounts(400 and500 mm) and three irrigation methods(conventional irrigation, APRI with high and low frequencies). Root length density, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate, leaf water use efficiency, midday stem and leaf water potentials were measured. The results show that in comparison with conventional irrigation, APRI with high frequency significantly increased root length density and decreased water potentials and stomatal conductance.No differences in the above indicators between the two APRI frequencies were detected. A significantly positive relationship between stomatal conductance and root length density was found under APRI. Overall, alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high frequency has a great potential to promote root growth, expand water uptake capacity and reduce unproductive water loss in the arid apple production area.

关键词： alternate partial root-zone irrigation apple tree leaf water use efficiency root length density stomatal conductance water potential

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基于SWAT模型的武强溪流域非点源污染关键源区界定与控制策略

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农业工程学报 2024年第2期40卷 228-238页

作者：王慧琳邹民忠方伟文刘灵敏郝新梅康绍忠毛晓敏中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京100083 农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室北京100083 淳安县农业农村局杭州311700

随着点源污染的控制与处理技术日趋完善,非点源污染成为重要的水污染源。武强溪作为流入千岛湖的第二大支流,量化武强溪流域非点源污染负荷,解析非点源污染时空分布特征,提出适合削减武强溪流域污染物的最佳管理措施(best management pr... 详细信息

随着点源污染的控制与处理技术日趋完善,非点源污染成为重要的水污染源。武强溪作为流入千岛湖的第二大支流,量化武强溪流域非点源污染负荷,解析非点源污染时空分布特征,提出适合削减武强溪流域污染物的最佳管理措施(best management practices,BMPs)对千岛湖水污染高效治理至关重要。该研究基于土壤水分评估工具(Soil and water assessment tool,SWAT)分析了武强溪流域径流量、总氮输出负荷量的时空分布特征,探究了不同管理措施及组合的削减效果,提出了武强溪流域非点源污染针对性的治理措施。结果表明:1)SWAT模型对于武强溪流域径流量和总氮输出负荷量的模拟具有较好的适用性,径流量校准期和验证期的决定系数(coefficient of determination,R^(2))分别为0.86、0.97,纳什系数(nash-sutcliffe coefficient,NSE)分别为0.83、0.96,百分比偏差(percent bias,PBIAS)分别为15.8%、-6.3%,总氮校准期和验证期的决定系数分别为0.87、0.74,纳什系数分别为0.63、0.66,百分比偏差分别为31.6%、21.2%;2)该流域径流量和总氮负荷主要集中在3—7月,分别占全年输出量的71.67%和75.76%。综合考虑氮的来源和流失途径,将耕地和林地面积占比大、坡度陡的子流域设置为总氮的关键污染源区。考虑调整化肥施用量/配方、改变耕作方式和设置植被缓冲带等削减非点源污染的手段,进行总氮输出负荷削减效率的情景模拟,表明10 m植被缓冲带是减少总氮输出负荷的最佳单一控制策略,总氮削减率可达到69.90%;实施综合管理措施对总氮的污染削减效果更佳,10 m植被缓冲带与施肥量减少20%可使总氮削减率达到74.79%。研究结果可为千岛湖水质管理与控制提供理论基础。

关键词：模型氮径流关键污染源区最佳管理措施武强溪流域 SWAT

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Animal stem cells: the engineering development front of 2018

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第1期6卷 93-95页

作者： Wenye YUAN Jianxiang XU Chenying LI Lijuan SHI Aidong YANG Yan WANG Lu XING shaozhong kang Division of Scientific R&D China Agricultural University Division of Natural Science Academic Publishing Higher Education Press Library China Agricultural University Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University

The Engineering Fronts reports are important guidelines for the future development directions of engineering science and technology. The Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) has been conducting studies relevant to Eng... 详细信息

关键词： MA the engineering development front of 2018 Animal stem cells

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