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中国共产党长期执政的历史逻辑、现实逻辑与能力建设

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学术探索 2024年第6期 34-41页

作者：马泽放邹绍清西南大学马克思主义学院西南大学马克思主义理论研究中心重庆400715

党的长期执政是以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴、实现共同富裕、建设社会主义现代化国家进程中面临的重大理论和实践问题,是党的建设的根本性问题。迈入新发展阶段,中国共产党对于自身长期执政有了更为清晰的认知。从历史维度... 详细信息

党的长期执政是以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴、实现共同富裕、建设社会主义现代化国家进程中面临的重大理论和实践问题,是党的建设的根本性问题。迈入新发展阶段,中国共产党对于自身长期执政有了更为清晰的认知。从历史维度考察,中国共产党长期执政并非出自自身利益的统筹考量,而是中国共产党的本质属性所决定的,是维护国家和人民利益所决定的。中国共产党自诞生以来,就始终将实现中华民族伟大复兴作为己任,带领全国人民实现了从站起来到富起来再到强起来的历史性跨越。从现实维度审视,中国共产党在长期执政过程中要观照现实,将立党为公、执政为民作为中国共产党最基本的实践逻辑,统筹考量了中国共产党长期执政所面临的世情、国情、党情和社情。始终坚持以人民为中心思想,为中国人民谋幸福。从未来发展角度考量,中国共产党要持续提升长期执政能力,就要坚持自我革新,深入推进全面从严治党,厚植执政基础,领导人民为实现中国特色社会主义共同理想和共产主义远大理想接续奋斗。

关键词：中国共产党执政能力历史规律矛盾转化自我革新

论我国鼓励仿制药品目录内首仿药市场独占期制度的构建

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中国卫生法制 2024年第2期32卷 33-38,110页

作者：孙旭丽马韶青北京中医药大学人文学院北京102488

《药品专利纠纷早期解决机制实施办法(试行)》的出台,标志着我国首仿药市场独占期制度的初步尝试,首个挑战专利成功并首个获批上市的化学仿制药给予12个月的市场独占期。但是,对鼓励仿制药品目录内品种而言,“双首”难度大,难以发挥市... 详细信息

《药品专利纠纷早期解决机制实施办法(试行)》的出台,标志着我国首仿药市场独占期制度的初步尝试,首个挑战专利成功并首个获批上市的化学仿制药给予12个月的市场独占期。但是,对鼓励仿制药品目录内品种而言,“双首”难度大,难以发挥市场独占期制度的激励功能。可以借鉴美国的制度设计,构建“专利挑战成功的首仿药”与“竞争不充分品种的首仿药”双轨并行的首仿药市场独占期制度。以首仿药市场独占期制度为主力点,配合鼓励仿制药品目录、优先审评审批制度、沟通交流机制等,形成政策合力,促进我国由仿制药大国向仿制药强国迈进。

关键词：市场独占期鼓励仿制药品目录首仿药

Multi-functional layered double hydroxides supported by nanoporous gold toward overall hydrazine splitting

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 61-69页

作者： Yongji Qin Huijie Cao Qian Liu shaoqing Yang Xincai Feng Hao Wang Meiling Lian Dongxing Zhang Hua Wang Jun Luo Xijun Liu ShenSi Lab Shenzhen Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen 518110China Institute for New Energy materials and Low-Carbon Technologies School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured MaterialsSchool of ResourcesEnvironment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China China National Coal Group Corporation Beijing 100120China Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Civil Aviation Energy Environment and Green Development School of Transportation Science and EngineeringCivil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300China

Layered double hydroxides have demonstrated great potential for the oxygen evolution reaction,which is a crucial half-reaction of overall water splitting.However,it remains challenging to apply layered double hydroxides in other electrochemical reactions with high efficiency and stability.Herein,we report two-dimensional multifunctional layered double hydroxides derived from metalorganic framework sheet precursors supported by nanoporous gold with high porosity,which exhibit appealing performances toward oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions,hydrazine oxidation reaction,and overall hydrazine splitting.The as-prepared catalyst only requires an overpotential of 233 mV to reach 10 ma·cm^(-2) toward oxygen evolution reaction.The overall hydrazine splitting cell only needs a cell voltage of 0.984 V to deliver 10 ma·cm^(-2),which is far more superior than that of the overall water splitting system(1.849 V).The appealing performances of the catalyst can be contributed to the synergistic effect between the metal components of the layered double hydroxides and the supporting effect of the nanoporous gold substrate,which could endow the sample with high surface area and excellent conductivity,resulting in superior activity and stability.

关键词： layered double hydroxide oxygen evolution reaction hydrazine oxidation reaction overall hydrazine splitting hydrogen production

太赫兹辐射调控神经元突触传递的动力学特征提取方法

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燕山大学学报 2024年第3期48卷 255-264页

作者：马少卿龚士香路承彪李小俚李英伟燕山大学信息科学与工程学院河北秦皇岛066004 燕山大学河北省信息传输与信号处理重点实验室河北秦皇岛066004 新乡医学院河南省无创性神经调制国际联合实验室河南新乡453000 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京100875

突触后电位是神经元传递信息的重要载体,该信号的动力学分析是神经科学研究中的常用方法。但目前传统的分析方法中多采用手工提取动力学特征值,分析数据量有限。针对此缺陷,本文提出了一种神经元突触传递的动力学特征提取方法。在该方法... 详细信息

突触后电位是神经元传递信息的重要载体,该信号的动力学分析是神经科学研究中的常用方法。但目前传统的分析方法中多采用手工提取动力学特征值,分析数据量有限。针对此缺陷,本文提出了一种神经元突触传递的动力学特征提取方法。在该方法中,采用低通滤波器提取有效数据,降低了数据计算量和复杂性;采用中值滤波算法去除了信号中随机噪声、刺激伪迹,并校正基线漂移,利用曲线拟合提取了突触后电位信号波形斜率特征值,实现突触后电位信号变化趋势的可视化。该特征提取方法的平均绝对百分比误差一般在5%左右,幅度特征值的平均绝对百分比误差一般在3%左右。同时取95%的置信区间,降低波形的测量误差,使得有效数据正检率指标高达98%。结果表明该特征提取方法可提取信号中的有效数据,并能保证特征值提取的精度,减小了人工提取存在的误差。通过神经元响应数据,验证了该方法的可行性,提出了太赫兹调控神经元突触传递的猜想。

关键词：太赫兹突触传递突触后电位特征提取

Design and Synthesis of N-Alkylaniline-Substituted Low Band-Gap Electron Acceptors for Photovoltaic Application

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第4期41卷 424-430页

作者： Jiayao Li Hao Li Lijiao ma shaoqing Zhang Jianhui Hou State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083 China

A novel electron donating unit,namely N-octyl-N-phenyl-thiophene(OPT),was designed in preparing electron acceptors with non-fused ring chemical structures.By introducing different functional atoms/groups into the para-position of phenyl in the OPT units,three non-fused ring acceptors(NFREAs),C8-2F,FC8-2F and MeC8-2F,were synthesized.The absorption spectrum of the three acceptors can be extended to about 950 nm with band-gaps of 1.28—1.32 eV due to the strong electron donating ability of OPT.The frontier molecular orbital distribution of OPT based molecules obtained by quantum chemistry calculation results reveals that their energy alignment can be finely tuned to meet different requirements.Moreover,by changing the substituents on the OPT units,their Flory-Huggins interaction parameter(χ)with the donor will be greatly influenced and different phase separation behavior can be accomplished.After blended with PBDB-TF,the FC8-2F-based cell yields short circuit current density(J_(sc))of 23.21 ma·cm^(-2),fill factor(FF)of 72.11%and the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.42%.This work provides a new pathway for molecular design of new NFREAs,and demonstrates the application potential of OPT unit in realizing low band-gap photovoltaic materials.

关键词： Organic photovoltaics Non-fused ring acceptors N-Alkylaniline-substituted group Low band-gap Electron acceptors

Reduced energetic disorder enables over 14%efficiency in organic solar cells based on completely non-fused-ring donors and acceptors

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第12期65卷 2604-2612页

作者： Chenyi Yang Lijiao ma Ye Xu Junzhen Ren Jianhui Hou shaoqing Zhang School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

The large energetic disorder has been regarded as a limitation for the further advance of organic solar cells(OSCs).The intramolecular energetic disorder,which originates from the molecular conformational diversity,is quite different for various non-fused-ring materials and of great importance for the corresponding device performance.In this work,the 2-ethylhexyl on A4T-16,an efficient completely non-fused-ring acceptor,is replaced with the 3-ethylheptyl to obtain a novel acceptor of A4T-3.The out-shifted branching position of 3-ethylheptyl reduces the steric hindrance effect,endowing A4T-3 with a more coplanar structure.As a result,A4T-3 exhibits a lower intramolecular energetic disorder than A4T-16,leading to a more uniform surface-electrostatic potential(ESP)distribution.Therefore,A4T-3 exhibits a smaller barrier for intramolecular electron transport and a higher electron mobility.Meanwhile,the lower ESP endows A4T-3 with reduced non-radiative energy loss when blending with the donor.When using PTVT-T as the donor,the A4T-3-based OSC exhibited comprehensively improved photovoltaic properties in comparison with the A4T-16-based one,delivering a high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 14.26%.Notably,this is the first report of OSCs where both the donor and the acceptor are completely non-fused-ring materials.According to the material-only cost(MOC)evaluation,the cost of PTVT-T:A4T-3-based device is much lower than that of other high-performance OSCs,revealing the great potential of completely non-fused-ring photoactive materials for application-oriented OSCs.

关键词： completely non-fused-ring intramolecular energetic disorder charge transport energy loss low cost

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古基因组揭示河西走廊两千年以来的人群历史

Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 606-611页

作者：熊建雪王睿陈国科杨谊时杜盼新蒙海亮马敏敏安达陶乐王辉金力王传超文少卿 Institute of Archaeological Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in Gansu Province Lanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and DevelopmentSchool of Life Sciencesand Human Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai 201203China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology Department of Anthropology and Human GeneticsSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental ScienceLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Center for the Belt and Road Archaeology and Ancient Civilizations Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Anthropology and Ethnology Institute of AnthropologySchool of Sociology and AnthropologyFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences in BioanthropologyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China State Key Laboratory of marine Environmental Science Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

The Hexi Corridor in northwest China has for millennia served as a crossroads for interactions between East Asia,Central Asia and lands further west,while also connecting the Chinese heartland and the northern Mongolian Steppe and Tibetan Plateau(TP)to the south(Fig.1a).Previous studies have revealed the details of this cross-continental material and cultural transmission as early as the Bronze Age onwards.materials and technologies exchanged along the ancient Silk Road included East Asian millets and painted pottery,West Asian wheat and barley,bronze metal-lurgy,domesticated sheep,horses,and cattle[1].To date.

关键词： connecting details northwest

“三水”融合视角下湖库型城市水体多源污染统筹治理方法探讨

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给水排水 2024年第5期50卷 26-31页

作者：刘冠琦张春洋侯爱月范锦马步云吴志强王月陈少青中规院(北京)规划设计有限公司北京100044 厦门市集美区市政园林局厦门361022

厦门市杏林湾是一座围海筑堤而成的淡水湖库,由于污染来源复杂、生态基流匮乏,其水质一度恶化。近年来,随着村庄污水整治、环湾截污等治理工程实施,水质有所好转,但TN、TP指标不能稳定达到湖库Ⅴ类标准,呈现富营养化状态。聚焦杏林湾200... 详细信息

厦门市杏林湾是一座围海筑堤而成的淡水湖库,由于污染来源复杂、生态基流匮乏,其水质一度恶化。近年来,随着村庄污水整治、环湾截污等治理工程实施,水质有所好转,但TN、TP指标不能稳定达到湖库Ⅴ类标准,呈现富营养化状态。聚焦杏林湾200 km^(2)流域尺度,充分尊重自然规律、着眼长远开展顶层设计,近期“集中控P、放宽控N”,远期“严格控P、达标控N”,逐步改善湖泊富营养化,恢复清水草型湖泊稳态水生态系统。按照控污为先、生态修复、引水扩容、建管并重策略,探索水资源、水环境、水生态“三水”融合的系统治理路径。

关键词： “三水”融合多源污染流域治理富营养化生态修复

内蒙古呼和浩特地区儿童雷暴哮喘事件回顾性分析

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中华实用儿科临床杂志 2024年第5期39卷 364-368页

作者：刘德艳柴少卿李俊利苏学文朱华于少飞马春艳内蒙古自治区人民医院儿科呼和浩特010020

目的:描述性分析2023年9月2日呼和浩特地区儿童雷暴天气哮喘事件的临床特征,为儿童雷暴哮喘防治提供参考。方法:通过内蒙古自治区人民医院病案信息系统查询及电话随访获取患儿病历资料,回顾性分析雷暴发生后13 h内急诊就诊量、就诊时间... 详细信息

目的:描述性分析2023年9月2日呼和浩特地区儿童雷暴天气哮喘事件的临床特征,为儿童雷暴哮喘防治提供参考。方法:通过内蒙古自治区人民医院病案信息系统查询及电话随访获取患儿病历资料,回顾性分析雷暴发生后13 h内急诊就诊量、就诊时间、主要症状、过敏性疾病史、既往哮喘病史等资料以及72 h内住院患儿呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)、肺功能等特点,并对部分雷暴哮喘患儿进行追踪随访。结果:1.雷暴天气发生13 h内内蒙古自治区人民医院儿科急诊因哮喘急性发作就诊患儿为357例,雷暴天气开始0.5 h因哮喘就诊患儿增多,就诊高峰时间为雷暴天气开始后3~8 h。2.在13 h内急诊就诊患儿主要表现为胸闷350例(98.04%)、呼吸困难275例(77.03%)、喘息241例(67.51%),肺部可闻及肺部喘鸣音者301例(84.31%)。3.急诊患儿既往过敏性疾病史诊断为过敏性鼻炎者311例(87.11%),其中未预防性用药者216例(69.45%);诊断哮喘患儿47例(13.17%),未预防用药者34例(72.34%)。4.在72 h内累计住院患儿41例,当夜住院患儿26例(7.28%)。72 h内住院患儿哮喘急性发作病情重度及危重度10例(24.39%),外周血嗜酸性粒细胞百分比>0.05者41例(100%),血清特异性免疫球蛋白IgE>30 IU/mL者39例(95.12%),FeNO>35 ppb者24例(58.54%),肺功能为轻中度阻塞性通气功能异常29例(70.73%)。5.3个月随访到雷暴哮喘患儿199例,6个月随访到雷暴哮喘患儿151例。结论:呼和浩特地区雷暴天气开始0.5 h因哮喘就诊人数增多,高峰就诊时间为雷暴天气后3~8 h。急诊患儿以胸闷、呼吸困难及喘息为主要表现,有明显过敏性鼻炎病史,多数首次诊断为哮喘,既往诊断为鼻炎、哮喘患儿大多未规范用药。住院患儿的外周血嗜酸性粒细胞比值、FeNO、肺功能结果明显异常。需加强对雷暴哮喘患儿的长期管理。

关键词：儿童雷暴哮喘哮喘呼和浩特地区