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Development of organic redox-active materials in aqueous flow batteries: Current strategies and future perspectives

SmartMat 2023年第4期4卷 85-104页

作者： Mingguang pan Minhua shao Zhong Jin State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic ChemistryMOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingChina Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Aqueous redox flow batteries,by using redox-active molecules dissolved in nonflammable water solutions as electrolytes,are a promising technology for grid-scale energy *** redox-active materials offer a new opportunity for the construction of advanced flow batteries due to their advantages of potentially low cost,extensive structural diversity,tunable electrochemical properties,and high natural *** this review,we present the emergence and development of organic redox-active materials for aqueous organic redox flow batteries(AORFBs),in particular,molecular engineering concepts and strategies of organic redox-active *** typical design strategies based on organic redox species for high-capacity,high-stability,and high-voltage AORFBs are outlined and *** engineering of organic redox-active molecules for high aqueous solubility,high chemical/electrochemical stability,and multiple electron numbers as well as satisfactory redox potential gap between the redox pair is essential to realizing high-performance *** molecular engineering,the redoxtargeting strategy is an effective way to obtain high-capacity *** further discuss and analyze the redox reaction mechanisms of organic redox species based on a series of electrochemical and spectroscopic approaches,and succinctly summarize the capacity degradation mechanisms of ***,the current challenges,opportunities,and future directions of organic redox-active materials for AORFBs are presented in detail.

关键词： aqueous redox flow batteries grid energy storage molecular engineering strategies organic redox-active materials redox reaction mechanisms

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Multiple scenario simulation and optimization of an urban green infrastructure network based on complex network theory:a case study in Harbin City,China

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 439-454页

作者： Shuang Song shao‑Han Wang Meng‑Xi Shi shan‑shan Hu Da‑Wei Xu College of Landscape Architecture Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150000China Key Lab for Garden Plant Germplasm Development&Landscape Eco‑Restoration in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150000China

Background:Urban green infrastructure(GI)networks play a significant role in ensuring regional ecological security;however,they are highly vulnerable to the influence of urban development,and the optimization of GI networks with better connectivity and resilience under different development scenarios has become a practical problem that urgently needs to be *** Harbin,a megacity in Northeast China,as the case study,we set five simulation scenarios by adjusting the economic growth rate and extracted the GI network in multiple scenarios by integrating the minimal cumulative resistance model and the gravity *** low‑degree‑first(LDF)strategy of complex network theory was introduced to optimize the GI network,and the optimization effect was verified by robustness ***:The results showed that in the 5%economic growth scenario,the GI network structure was more complex,and the connectivity of the network was better,while in the other scenarios,the network structure gradually degraded with economic *** optimization by the LDF strategy,the average degree of the GI network in multiple scenarios increased from 2.368,2.651,2.189,1.972,and 1.847 to 2.783,3.125,2.643,2.414,and 2.322,respectively,and the GI network structure connectivity and resilience were significantly enhanced in all ***:Economic growth did not necessarily lead to degradation of the GI network;there was still room for economic development in the study area,but it was limited under existing GI conditions,and the LDF strategy was an effective method to optimize the GI *** research results provide a new perspective for the study of GI network protection with urban economic growth and serve as a methodological reference for urban GI network optimization.

关键词： GI network Simulation Complex network theory LDF strategy Robustness

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Additive Hazards Regression with Random Effects for Clustered Failure Times

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第3期31卷 511-525页

作者： Deng pan Yan Yan LIU Yuan shan WU Department of Statistics Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University

Additive hazards model with random effects is proposed for modelling the correlated failure time data when focus is on comparing the failure times within clusters and on estimating the correlation between failure times from the same cluster, as well as the marginal regression parameters. Our model features that, when marginalized over the random effect variable, it still enjoys the structure of the additive hazards model. We develop the estimating equations for inferring the regression parameters. The proposed estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal under appropriate regularity conditions. Furthermore, the estimator of the baseline hazards function is proposed and its asymptotic properties are also established. We propose a class of diagnostic methods to assess the overall fitting adequacy of the additive hazards model with random effects. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the finite sample behaviors of the proposed estimators in various scenarios. Analysis of the Diabetic Retinopathy Study is provided as an illustration for the proposed method.

关键词： Additive hazards regression clustered failure times counting process empirical process,frailty model checking random effects

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Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Anthocyanins and Visual Color of Blood Orange Juice

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第12期10卷 1992-1997页

作者： CAO shao-qian LIU Liang pan Si-yi College of Biological and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Wanli University Ningbo 315100 PR.China Department of Applied Biology Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College Ningbo 315100 P.R.China College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R.China

Thermal degradation kinetics of anthocyanins and visual color （Hunter α value） of blood orange juice were studied at selected temperatures （70-90℃）. Results indicated that both the thermal degradation of anthocyanin and visual color all followed first-order reaction kinetics, and they could be expressed by Arrhenius equation. The activation energy values for the anthocyanins degradation and visual color degradation were 55.81 and 47.51 kJ tool-1, respectively. The linear relationship between visual color and anthocyanin content was obtained. Furthermore, during thermal processing of blood orange juice, the formulas about the linear relationships showed no significant difference at selected temperatures. So, the relationships between visual color and anthocyanins content during thermal processing at selected temperatures could be described by the same equation： α＊/αo＇=0.559（C/Co）＋0.43. It might be inferred that visual color measured instantaneously by tristimulus colorimeters for on-line quality control, could be used to predict the anthocyanins degradation during thermal processing of blood orange juice.

关键词： blood orange juice anthocyanins visual color degradation kinetics relationship

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Reactivity of ambient volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in summer of 2004 in Beijing

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第5期19卷 573-576页

作者： shan Huang Min shao Sihua Lu Ying Liu State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Ambient volatile organic compounds （VOCs） were sampled at six sites in Beijing in the summer of 2004 and analyzed by GCMS. The chemical reactivities of 73 quantified VOCs species were evaluated by OH loss rates （LOH） and ozone formation potentials （OFPs）. Top 15 reactive species, mainly alkenes and aromatics, were identified by these two methods, and accounted for more than 70% of total reactivity of VOCs. In urban areas, isoprene was the most reactive species in term of OH loss rate, contributing 11.4% to the LOH of VOCs. While toluene, accounting for 9.4% of OFPs, appeared to have a long-time role in the photochemical processes. Tongzhou site is obviously influenced by local chemical industry, but the other five sites showed typical urban features influenced mainly by vehicular emissions.

关键词： VOC Reactivity OH loss rate Ozone formation potential

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Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Three Kinds of Representative Anthocyanins Obtained from Blood Orange

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第4期10卷 642-649页

作者： LIU Liang CAO shao-qian pan Si-yi Department of Applied Biology Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College Ningbo 315100 P.R.China College of Biological and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Wanli University Ningbo 315190 P..R. China College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R.China

Cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-（6′′-malonyl）-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-glucoside-derived pyranoanthocyanins which were three major anthocyanins of blood orange, were obtained using a Toyopearl TSK HW-40S column chromatography. Then, thermal degradation kinetics of the three major anthocyanins was studied at selected temperatures （70, 80, and 90°C）. Degradation parameters such as k and t1/2 values were determined. The activation energy （Ea） values for cyanidin- 3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-（6′′-malonyl）-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside-derived pyranoanthocyanin were 75.4, 79.5, and 81.7 kJ mol-1, respectively. Ea values suggested that cyanidin-3-glucoside-derived pyranoanthocyanin had the highest stability, followed by cyanidin-3-（6′′-malonyl）-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside. However, t1/2 values indicated cyanidin- 3-glucoside-derived pyranoanthocyanin degraded faster than cyanidin-3-（6′′-malonyl）-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside at selected temperature.

关键词： blood orange anthocyanins purification identification degradation kinetics

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Relationship between population competitive intensity and yield in maize cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第6期16卷 1312-1321页

作者： ZHAI Li-chao XIE Rui-zhi LI shao-kun FAN pan-pan Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Development Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Competition is a common phenomenon in agriculture *** on the relationship between competitive ability and crop yield is extensive,but the results have been *** studies have focused on the relationship between population competitive intensity and yield of maize（Zea mays L.）*** main objective of this study was to determine if a consistent relationship exists between maize yield and competitive ability.A two-year field experiment was conducted,employing a de Wit replacement series *** two maize cultivars were grown in a mixture,yield was reduced for the modern cultivar and increased for the older *** each replacement series,per plant level yield of each cultivar,and population level yield of the mixture,decreased with increasing proportion of the older *** ratio（CR）reflected differences in competitive ability of the three maize *** each replacement series,population competition pressure（PCP）increased with increasing proportion of the older cultivar,indicating that the older cultivar was a strong *** yield,grain yield,harvest index,thousand-kernel weight,and kernel number per plant,were negatively correlated with *** results demonstrated that inter-cultivar competition affects maize productivity,and increasing PCP will decrease translocation of assimilates to grain and,ultimately,reduce ***,there is a negative correlation between population competitive intensity and yield performance in maize,breeders should develop a communal ideotype that would not perform well in competition in future.

关键词： maize competition competitive ability population competitive pressure yield

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Visual Analytics of Traffic Congestion Propagation Path with Large Scale Camera Data

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2018年第5期27卷 934-941页

作者： shan Zhenyu pan Zhigeng LI Fengwei XU Huihui LI Jiming Hangzhou Normal University Zhejiang Police College

Congestion analysis is essential to traffic control, especially in crowded urban road network. The recent traffic forecasting methods can provide travelers and traffic managers with early congestion warning, yet unable to reveal the relationship of congestion roads. This paper presented a congestion propagation path estimation method based on greedy algorithm to quickly extract these congestion relationships for visual analytics. The data from traffic cameras are applied to build the propagation network based on a directed weighted graph. It describes the process of congestion spreading among different *** to this network, congestion propagation path predicts the process of congestion spreading between different segments. In our visual design, it is applied to demonstrate the segments that will be influenced by the congested road. This is helpful for traffic managers to make effective and efficient decisions. The experimental result shows that our method achieves high accuracy thus prove the effective for the congestion propagation method.

关键词： Congestion propagation Propagation path Intelligent transportation system Visual analytics

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Oxidation Kinetics,Structural Changes and Element Migration during Oxidation Process of Vanadium-titanium Magnetite Ore

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2016年第11期23卷 1160-1167页

作者： Feng pan Qing-shan ZHU Zhan DU Hao-yan SUN State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

The oxidation kinetics, structural changes, and elements migration during the oxidation process of the va- nadium-titanium magnetite （VTM） ore were analyzed. Kinetics analysis indicated that the oxidation process was con- trolled by diffusion control and could be divided into interface diffusion and lattice diffusion with apparent activation energy of 99.69 kJ/mol and 144.08 kJ/mol in the range of 800--1000℃, respectively. The surface structure changed with the oxidization temperature as follows： dense surface→nano sized sheets→submicron particles→molten particles. The compact structure changed into porous one because of the elements migration and enrichment. Both Fe and Ti elements migrated in the opposite direction during the oxidation process. The V etement in the raw ore stably existed in the form of V^5＋ state, some vanadium migrated and occupied the tetrahedral sites of the hematite during the oxidation process.

关键词： vanadium-titanium magnetite ore oxidation kinetics structural change element migration

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HYDRODYNAMICS OF A FLAPPING FOIL IN THE WAKE OF A D-SECTION CYLINDER

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第4期23卷 422-430页

作者： shao Xue-ming pan Ding-yi State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control Department of Mechanics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

The water environment of swimming fish in nature is always complex which includes various vortices and fluctuations. In order to study the interaction between the fish and its surrounding complex flow, the physical model with a D-section cylinder placed at the front of a flapping foil is employed. The D-section cylinder is used to produce vortices to contact with the foil as well as the vortices shed from the foil. According to the experimental work of Gopalkrishnan et al., there are three interaction modes between vortices shed from the cylinder and the flapping foil, which are expanding wake, destructive interaction and constructive interaction. Here in this article, three of those typical cases are picked up to reproduce the vortices interaction modes with the modified immersed boundary methods and their hydrodynamic performances are studied further. Results show that, for expanding wake mode and destructive interaction mode, the incoming vortices contact with the foil strongly, inducing relative low pressure domains at the leading-edge of the foil and enlarging the thrust of foils. For constructive mode, the foil slalom between the shed vortices from the D-section cylinder do not contact with them obviously and the foil＇s thrust is only enlarged a little.

关键词： flapping foil fish propulsion vortices interaction thrust enlargement

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