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Soil-Plant-Microbe Interactions in Stressed Agriculture Management:A Review

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 177-192页

作者： Shobhit Raj VIMAL Jay shankar singh Naveen Kumar ARORA Surendra singh Department of Environmental Microbiology Babashaeb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University Lucknow 226025 (India) Department of Botany Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 (India)

The expected rise in temperature and decreased precipitation owing to climate change and unabated anthropogenic activities add complexity and uncertainty to agro-industry. The impact of soil nutrient imbalance, mismanaged use of chemicals, high temperature, flood or drought, soil salinity, and heavy metal pollutions, with regard to food security, is increasingly being explored worldwide. This review describes the role of soil-plant-microbe interactions along with organic manure in solving stressed agriculture problems. Beneficial microbes associated with plants are known to stimulate plant growth and enhance plant resistance to biotic （diseases） and abiotic （salinity, drought, pollutions, etc.） stresses. The plant growth-promoting rhizobemteria （PGPR） and mycorrhizae, a key component of soil microbiota, could play vital roles in the maintenance of plant fitness and soil health under stressed environments. The application of organic manure as a soil conditioner to stressed soils along with suitable microbial strains could further enhance the plant-microbe associations and increase the crop yield. A combination of plant, stress-tolerant microbe, and organic amendment represents the tripartite association to offer a favourable environment to the proliferation of beneficial rhizosphere microbes that in turn enhance the plant growth performance in disturbed agro-ecosystem. Agriculture land use patterns with the proper exploitation of plant-microbe associations, with compatible beneficial microbial agents, could be one of the most effective strategies in the management of the concerned agriculture lands owing to climate change resilience. However, the association of such microbes with plants for stressed agriculture management still needs to be explored in greater depth.

关键词： beneficial microbes fungi microbial agents rnycorrhiza organic manure pathogen plant health plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

Preventive Regulation of Jelly Seed Disorder in ‘Amrapali' Mango (Mangifera indica) by Preharvest Spray

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2019年第2期5卷 70-78页

作者： Shivashankar Seshadri Sumathi Manoharan Hari shankar singh Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural ResearchHesaraghatta Lake PO ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management Pusa Campus

Jelly seed, a physiological disorder in ‘Amrapali' mango fruit, is characterized by the excessive softening of pulp around the stone in ripe fruits. The disorder is caused by the onset of germination associated events in the seed of developing fruit due to decreased level of very-longchain fatty acids(VLCFAs) in seed. Field trials involving preharvest application of spray formulations on developing fruits, between 50% and 60%maturity, showed that formulation V(10 g·L^(-1) NaCl, 25 g·L^(-1) CaCl_2, 0.5 g·L^(-1) KCl, 0.01 g·L^(-1) H_3 BO_3, 0.01 g·L^(-1) Cu SO_4, 0.01 g·L^(-1) Zn SO_4,0.01 g·L^(-1) FeSO_4, 0.01 g·L^(-1) MnSO_4, and 0.002 g·L^(-1) EDTA) was the most effective in preventing the jelly seed disorder. Further studies to understand the mode of action of the formulation in controlling jelly seed development, revealed increased synthesis of VLCFAs in seed followed by the rapid production of ABA and germination-inhibiting phenolic acids, besides increased accumulation of calcium in seed. These factors acting in unison delayed seed germination and decreased the activities of pectinolytic enzymes in pulp to produce healthy fruits, free from jelly seed *** was an increase of mineral nutrient content in pulp of treated healthy fruits. Thus, the study helped to develop a remedy to prevent jelly seed besides revealing the biochemical mechanism by which formulation V acted to produce ‘Amrapali' mango fruits free of jelly seed with improved nutritional quality.

关键词： Amrapali mango jelly seed physiological disorder prevention preharvest treatment

Comparative measurement of CO_(2),CH_(4)and CO at two traffic interjunctions having inflated vehicular flow in Delhi

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 314-329页

作者： Komal Daya Soni Khem singh shankar G.Aggarwal CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr.K.S.Krishnan MargNew Delhi 110012India Academy of Scientific&Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002India

Vehicular emissions are considered one of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases and poor air quality in metropolitan *** study aims to see the correlation of CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO through monitoring over a period from December 2020 to October 2021 covering three seasons’winter,summer,and monsoon at two different traffic locations of Delhi having different traffic volumes,road patterns,and traffic *** annual average morning concentration of CO_(2),CH_(4)and CO was found(533±105),(7.3±3.1),(10.7±3.0)ppm at Najafgarh and(480±70),(5.2±1.8),(7.8±2.8)ppm at Rajendra Place,respectively.A relationship between concentration of all three gases and meteorological parameters such as temperature,humidity,wind speed and wind direction has also been investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient and pollution rose diagram.A comparable pattern in concentration was observed for all three gases in spatial(location)and temporal(diurnal)*** concentration trend of CO_(2)in different seasons is winter>summer>monsoon,while in the case of CH_(4)winter=summer>monsoon but not any seasonal trend was noted in CO *** is observed that CO_(2)has a good relation with CO(a tracer for vehicular emission)in terms of diurnal variation,whereas,CH_(4)does not represent a relation with CO and CO_(2)diurnally,suggesting that vehicles are the source of CO_(2)but not much contributing to other greenhouse gases like CH_(4).

关键词： Vehicular emission Greenhouse gases Harmful pollutants Meteorological parameters

A comprehensive review of rectangular duct solar air heaters featuring artificial roughness

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Clean Energy 2024年第5期8卷 186-217页

作者： Ravi shankar Rajeev Kumar Arun Kumar Pandey Deep singh Thakur Department of Mechanical Engineering Rajkiya Engineering College BandaUttar Pradesh 210201India Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Engineering&TechnologyLucknowUttar Pradesh 226021India Department of Mechanical Engineering Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering&TechnologyJhansiUttar Pradesh 284128India

Solar air heaters(SAHs)are widely used solar thermal systems with applications in diverse ***,its effectiveness is re-strained by low convective heat transfer(HT)coefficients at the absorber plate,leading to inefficient HT,and the elevated temperature of the absorber plate causes significant heat losses,reducing thermal *** study addresses these challenges by introducing ribs or roughness on the absorber plate creating turbulence in the airflow,resulting in significant *** research inves-tigates various rib configurations,the influence of rib parameters,performance methods,and arrangements to evaluate their HT and friction *** these rib configurations,a comparative analysis is done on various factors such as the Nusselt number ratio,thermal enhancement factor,friction factor ratio,and thermal efficiency to optimize distinct roughness parameters and rib ar-rangement *** study also provides valuable recommendations from existing literature,offering insights into the effective design,prospects,and implementation of SAH systems.

关键词： solar air heater artificial roughness low heat transfer heating solar energy

Gas hydrate saturation from NGHP 02 LWD data in the Mahanadi Basin

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 279-289页

作者： Uma shankar Pradeep Kumar Yadav Sneha Devi Udham singh Yadav Department of Geophysics Institute of ScienceBHUVaranasi221005India Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. Gas Hydrate Research&Technology Centre(GHRTC)Panvel410221Navi MumbaiIndia

During the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program(NGHP)Expedition 02,Logging-while-drilling(LWD)logs were acquired at three sites(NGHP-02-11,NGHP-02-12,and NGHP-02-13)across the Mahanadi Basin in area *** applied rock physics theory to available sonic velocity logs to know the distribution of gas hydrate at site NGHP-02-11 and *** physics modeling using sonic velocity at well location shows that gas hydrate is distributed mainly within the depth intervals of 150-265 m and 100 -215 mbsf at site NGHP-02-11 and NGHP-02-13,respectively,with an average saturation of about 4%of the pore space and the maximum concentration of about 40%of the pore space at 250 m depth at site NGHP-02-11,and at site NGHP-02-13 an average saturation of about 2%of the pore space and the maximum concentration of about 20%of the pore space at 246 m depth,as gas hydrate is distributed mainly within 100-246 mbsf at this *** of gas hydrate estimated from the electrical resistivity method using density derived porosity and electrical resistivity logs from Archie's empirical formula shows high saturation compared to that from the sonic ***,estimates of hydrate saturation based on sonic P-wave velocity may differ significantly from that based on resistivity,because gas and hydrate have higher resistivity than conductive pore fluid and sonic P-wave velocity shows strong effect on gas hydrate as a small amount of gas reduces the velocity significantly while increasing velocity due to the presence of *** site NGHP-02-11,gas hydrate saturation is in the range of 15%e30%,in two zones between 150-180 and 245-265 *** NGHP-02-012 shows a gas hydrate saturation of 20%e30%in the zone between 100 and 207 *** NGHP-02-13 shows a gas hydrate saturation up to 30%in the zone between 215 and 246 *** observations from rock physics modeling and Archie’s approximation show the gas hydrate concentrations are relatively low(<4%of the pore space)at the sites of the

关键词： Mahanadi Basin Gas hydrate Sonic log Effective medium modeling Electrical resistivity log Archie’s analysis Gas hydrate saturation

Exploring Deep Learning Methods for Computer Vision Applications across Multiple Sectors:Challenges and Future Trends

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 103-141页

作者： Narayanan Ganesh Rajendran shankar Miroslav Mahdal Janakiraman SenthilMurugan Jasgurpreet singh Chohan Kanak Kalita School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaram522502India Department of Control Systems and Instrumentation Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringVSB-Technical University of OstravaOstrava70800Czech Republic Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering CollegeChennai600062India Department of Mechanical Engineering and University Centre for Research&Development Chandigarh UniversityMohali140413India Department of Mechanical Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyAvadi600062India

Computer vision(CV)was developed for computers and other systems to act or make recommendations based on visual inputs,such as digital photos,movies,and other *** learning(DL)methods are more successful than other traditional machine learning(ML)methods *** techniques can produce state-of-the-art results for difficult CV problems like picture categorization,object detection,and face *** this review,a structured discussion on the history,methods,and applications of DL methods to CV problems is *** sector-wise presentation of applications in this papermay be particularly useful for researchers in niche fields who have limited or introductory knowledge of DL methods and *** review will provide readers with context and examples of how these techniques can be applied to specific areas.A curated list of popular datasets and a brief description of them are also included for the benefit of readers.

关键词： Neural network machine vision classification object detection deep learning

Role of Information Technology in Manufacturing

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 256-页

作者： shankar singh A V Muley Division of Manufacturing Processes & Automation Engineering Netaji Subhas Institute of TechnologyDivision of Manufacturing Processes & Automation Engineering Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology Dwarka IndiaDwarka India

Manufacturing of a product is constituted of the va ri ous attributes such as quality, cost, performance, and time to market. Manufactu ring can also be understood as the entire product realization process, from spec ification through design and production to marketing and distribution. The induc tion of Information Technology (IT) in manufacturing includes the hardware that computes and communicates, the software that provides data, knowledge, and infor mation while at the same time controlling the hardware, and the interfaces betwe en computers and the tools and machines on the shop floor. The manufacturing pro cess utilizes IT in the design of products and processes, production, and manufa cturing-related business practices. IT applications applied to manufacturing helps in rapid shifts in production fro m one product to another, faster implementation of new concepts in products, fas ter delivery of products to customers, full utilization of capital and human res ources, streamlining of operations to focus on essential business needs, and eli mination of unnecessary or wasteful activities. IT can be used to meet a range of needs of manufacturing decision makers. It can be said that IT is an enabler and facilitator of radical change to culture of manufacturing which is highly co nservative for many good reasons. With increasing global competition, applications of global information technolog y is giving manufacturing unit an opportunity to increase control and enhance co ordination, while opening doors to new global markets and businesses. In some st udies conducted it ahs been shown that how information technology can produce pr oductivity gains and job losses in specific areas, whereas dynamic stability was also achieved through IT in some cases. In a study of an industry the IT has cu t manufacturers cost from eProcurement to web based supply chain management and after sales service. IT has certainly revolutionized the manufacturing and the i ndustries have com

关键词： Role of Information Technology in Manufacturing

3D and 2D topographic correction to estimated geothermal gradient from the base of gas hydrate stability zone in the Andaman Forearc Basin

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 314-320页

作者： Uma shankar Department of Geophysics Institute of ScienceBHUVaranasiIndia

Methane gas hydrate related bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs)are imaged based on the in-line and cross-line multi-channel seismic(MCS)data from the Andaman Forearc *** depth of the BSR depends on pressure and temperature and pore water *** these assumptions,the BSR depth can be used to estimate the geothermal gradient(GTG)based on the availability of in-situ temperature *** calculation is done assuming a 1D conductive model based on available in-situ temperature measurement at site NGHP-01-17 in the study ***,in the presence of seafloor topography,the conductive temperature field in the subsurface is affected by lateral refraction of heat,which focuses heat in topographic lows and away from topographic *** 1D estimate of GTG in the Andaman Forearc Basin has been validated by drilling results from the NGHP-01 expedition.2D analytic modeling to estimate the effects of topography is performed earlier along selected seismic profiles in the study *** study extended to estimate the effect of topography in 3D using a numerical *** corrected GTG data allow us to determine GTG values free of topographic *** difference between the estimated GTG and values corrected for the 3D topographic effect varies up to~5℃/*** conclude that the topographic correction is relatively small compared to other uncertainties in the 1D model and that apparent GTG determined with the 1D model captures the major features,although the correction is needed prior to interpreting subtle features of the derived GTG maps.

关键词： Gas hydrate BSR Geothermal gradient 3D and 2D topographic modeling Andaman Forearc Basin

Dynamics of some new solutions to the coupled DSW equations traveling horizontally on the seabed

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第2期9卷 154-163页

作者： Raj Kumar Ravi shankar Verma Department of Mathematics Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyVeer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal UniversityJaunpur 222003India

The system of(1+1)-coupled Drinfel’d-Sokolov-Wilson equations describes the surface gravity waves travelling horizontally on the *** objective of the present research is to construct a new variety of analytical solutions for the *** invariants are derived with the aid of Killing form by using the optimal algebra classification via Lie symmetry *** invariant solutions involve time,space variables,and arbitrary *** adequate constraints on arbitrary constants,solutions are represented graphically to make them more applicable in designing sea *** behavior of solutions shows asymptotic,bell-shaped,bright and dark soliton,bright soliton,parabolic,bright and kink,kink,and periodic *** constructed results are novel as the reported results[26,28,29,30,33,38,42,49]can be deduced from the results derived in this *** remaining solutions derived in this study,are absolutely different from the earlier *** this study,the physical character of analytical solutions of the system could aid coastal engineers in creating models of beaches and ports.

关键词： Coupled Drinfel’d-Sokolov-Wilson model Invariants Killing form Optimal sub algebra Lie symmetry reductions