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New advances in the study of Alpine glaciations

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： shangzhe zhou School of Geography South China Normal University

The European Alps is the birthplace of glaciology and in particular Quaternary glaciology and for over one hundred years has been a model region for studying mountain glaciations. In this paper, we review the achievements from this region, which will benefit glaciological studies of the Tibetan Plateau, China. According to new evidences of glaciofluvial de- posits discovered in valleys and forelands of the Alps, researchers have progressed from an original four Pleistocene gla- ciations to seven glaciations： Biber, Donua, Gtinz, Haslach, Mindel, Riss and WOrm. The earliest one Biber possibly oc- curred between the Pliocene and Pleistocene, but the chronology before Riss is still in doubt. Recent years, Riss and Wtirm glaciations have been supported by a large numbers of cosmogenic exposure dating. In particular, cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating has been carried out for different moraine boulders in numerous valleys, which reveals a series of climatic change events, and they are comparable to post-glacial age records of northern Europe. The advancement of glaciological studies in the Alps is important in promoting glaciological research in the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Alps Quaternary glacier research advance

Quaternary glacial geomorphology and glaciations of Kongur Mountain,eastern Pamir,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第4期54卷 591-602页

作者： WANG Jie zhou shangzhe ZHAO JingDong ZHENG JingXiong GUO XiangZhong MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Geographical Science College South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold andArid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Kongur Mountain is the largest center of modern glaciation on the Pamir *** the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Quaternary,Kongur Mountain was extensively and repeatedly glaciated,and the glacial landforms from multiple glaciations are well-preserved in valleys,in basins,and on the *** samples have been collected according to the distribution and weathering of the glacial tills,the relationship among the glacial deposits,and the loess or soil developed on the moraines. Electron spin resonance(ESR) dating of the samples was done using the germanium(Ge) centers in the glacial quartz grains,which are sensitive to both sunlight and *** ages of the glacial deposits can be divided into four clusters,i.e.,13.1±0.8-27.0±2.2,36.4±3.3-48.7±5.7,65.6±6.8-86.6±8.9,and 105.6±9.4-178.3±17.8 *** glacial advances in this region have been confirmed,which are equivalent in age to the Little Ice Age(LIA) ,Neoglaciation,marine oxygen isotope stages(MIS) 2,mid-MIS3,MIS4,and *** largest local last glacial maximum(LGML) occurred during MIS4 rather than the global Last Glacial Maximum(LGMG) of MIS2,and a glacial advance that occurred during mid-MIS3 was also larger than the ***,deeply weathered tills below 3500 m *** the western slope of Kongur Mountain,when compared with the ages of the oldest glaciation of the Muztag Ata region,likely occurred prior to the penultimate glacial *** glacial landforms prior to the penultimate glacial cycle on the northern slope are not well-preserved due to erosion after deposition. Several glacial deposits are only speculated to be distributed at higher elevations on the southwest side of the Gaizi Checkpoint. The extensive hummocky moraines on the western slope were formed by multiple glacial advances,and the latest glacial advance corresponded to mid-MIS3.

关键词： Kongur Mountain glacial geomorphology ESR dating Quaternary glaciation hummocky moraine

The morphological characteristics of glacial deposits during the Last Glaciation, taking the Parlung Zangbo River Basin as an example

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2013年第6期5卷 698-708页

作者： RenRong Chen shangzhe zhou YingBin Deng School of Geography South China Normal University Department of Geography University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Moraine morphology is a valuable indicator of climate change. The glacial deposits of ten valleys were selected in the Parlung Zangbo River Basin, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, to study the glacial characteristics of the Last Glaciation and the climate change processes as revealed by these moraines. Investigation revealed that a huge moraine ridge was formed by ancient glacier in the Marine Isotope Stage 2 （MIS2）, and this main moraine ridge indicates the longest sustained and stable climate. There are at least two smaller moraine ridges that are external extensions of or located at the bottom of the main moraine ridge, indicating that the climate of the glacial stage before MIS2 was severer but the duration was relatively shorter. This distribution may reflect the climate of MIS4 or MIS3b. The glacial valleys show multi-channel, small-scale moraine ridges between the contemporary glacial tongue and the main moraine ridge. Some of these multi-channel mo- raine ridges might be recessional moraine, indicating the significant glacial advance during the Younger Dryas or the Heinrich event. The moraine ridges of the Neoglaciation and the Little Ice Age are near the ends of the contemporary glaciers. Using high-precision system dating, we can fairly well reconstruct the pattern of climate change by studying the shape, extent, and scale characteristics of glacial deposits in southeastern Tibet. This is valuable research to understand the relationship between regional and global climate change.

关键词： Parlung Zangbo River Basin Last Glaciation terminal moraine

Evidence for glaciation predating MIS-6 in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, southeastern Tibet

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第4期64卷 559-570页

作者： shangzhe zhou Jinming XIE Xianjiao OU Liubing XU Yong SUN Xuezhen ZENG Xiaoxia WEN Renrong CHEN Hong YANG Xianmei HUANG Yazhong zhou Jinjin SUN Department of Geography Science South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Geography and Tourism Jiaying UniversityMeizhou 514015China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Southeastern Tibet is one of the most glaciated regions on the Tibetan Plateau both at present and during the Quaternary. Numerical dating of glacial deposits has allowed the establishment of a provisional chronology of Quaternary glacial fluctuations in this region, with the oldest glaciation(Guxiang Glaciation) occurring in marine oxygen isotope stage 6(MIS-6).During our recent field investigations, a morphostratigraphically older lateral moraine than that of the Guxiang Glaciation has been first identified, which is ~500–600 m above the Guxiang Glaciation moraine and discontinuously preserved on valley shoulders in the Bodui Zangbo River valley, eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range in southeastern Tibet. Considering the moraine is best preserved at Nitong Village, here we name the glacier advance which deposited the moraine as "Nitong Glaciation". Using electron spin resonance(ESR) technique, we dated the Nitong Glaciation moraine to 506.3±60.4 ka. Taking into account the age error and climatic conditions, we consider it most likely that the Nitong Glaciation occurred during MIS-12, although it might had happened sometime earlier.

关键词： Southeastern Tibet MIS-12 Glaciation ESR dating Quaternary Glaciation

Cosmogenic ^(10)Be dating of Guxiang and Baiyu Glaciations

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第10期52卷 1387-1393页

作者： zhou shangzhe XU LiuBing PATRICK M. Colgan DAVID M. Mickelson WANG XiaoLi WANG Jie ZHONG Wei Department of Geography South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China Department of Geology Grand Valley State University Allendale Michigan 49401 USA Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Geography Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Guxiang and Baiyu Glaciations are two previously recognized local glaciations of the Tibetan Plateau. They have been widely used as the reference standard for classifying Late Quaternary glaciations on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains. However, the numerical chronologies of both glaciations have been lacking. In this study, cosmogenic 10Be dating was undertaken to define the timing of these two glaciations. The surface boulders deposited by the glaciers of the Guxiang and Baiyu Glaciations have exposure ages of 112.9±16.7―136.5±15.8 ka BP and 11.1±1.9―18.5±2.2 ka BP, respectively. It is likely that the Guxiang and Baiyu Glaciations correspond to marine isotope stages 6 and 2, respectively.

关键词：宇宙核素铍10 测年冰川作用青藏高原

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论冰碛石的形态特征及其与泥石流石的区别

冰川冻土 2021年第3期43卷 683-689页

作者：周尚哲华南师范大学地理科学学院广东广州510631

长期以来流行的球度和圆度概念不足以刻画冰碛石及其他成因砾石的细微特征,需要在其基础上进一步挖掘有判别价值的标志性特征。针对冰碛石与泥石流石辨识的疑难问题,提出外接圆特征、粗糙度特征、圆度-体积特征以及混杂堆积砾石形态构... 详细信息

长期以来流行的球度和圆度概念不足以刻画冰碛石及其他成因砾石的细微特征,需要在其基础上进一步挖掘有判别价值的标志性特征。针对冰碛石与泥石流石辨识的疑难问题,提出外接圆特征、粗糙度特征、圆度-体积特征以及混杂堆积砾石形态构成特征等几个概念。通过这些特征研究,结合真实的冰川擦痕、颤痕等标志,可更加准确地进行冰川沉积物与其他成因沉积物的判定。

关键词：冰碛石泥石流石形态特征

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锅穴一定是第四纪冰川的标志吗?

第四纪研究 2006年第1期26卷 117-125页

作者：周尚哲华南师范大学地理科学学院广州510631

锅穴地貌现象在西方地学界已有长足的研究,在中国地貌学界也并不陌生。锅穴通常形成于山区溪流河床,也形成于风化风蚀、石灰岩溶蚀、湖滨海岸浪蚀等作用。北美、北欧末次冰期大冰盖覆盖过的地方有冰水形成的锅穴。因此,锅穴是一种多成... 详细信息

锅穴地貌现象在西方地学界已有长足的研究,在中国地貌学界也并不陌生。锅穴通常形成于山区溪流河床,也形成于风化风蚀、石灰岩溶蚀、湖滨海岸浪蚀等作用。北美、北欧末次冰期大冰盖覆盖过的地方有冰水形成的锅穴。因此,锅穴是一种多成因的地貌现象。见到锅穴而不加多方辨别论证,一概说成是冰川形成,显然是十分危险的。风化和溶蚀形成锅穴属于物理化学作用,而流水和浪蚀形成锅穴属于水动力作用。关于水动力如何形成锅穴,西方地学界早就形成了公认的解释。冰水锅穴经过反复研究也确认,其形成机理与山区河流无异,均属湍急流水在河床局部形成环流驱动沙砾长期磨蚀的结果。既非西方人19世纪提出的“Mou lin Hypothesis”能够成功解释,更非眼下国内少数人倡导的“滴水穿石”能够说明。河谷跌水比想象的冰川终端冰崖缺水更加有利。

关键词：锅穴冰臼第四纪冰川

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冰期天文理论的创立与演变

华南师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2014年第2期46卷 1-9页

作者：周尚哲华南师范大学地理科学学院广州510631

冰期天文理论是运用地球轨道偏心率、地轴倾角和地转轴进动的3种参数的变化幅度与周期来解释上新世——第四纪期间冰期——间冰期交替变化的一种理论．该理论1842年由Adhemar提出，经过Croll发展到Milankovitch最终完成，经历了整100... 详细信息

冰期天文理论是运用地球轨道偏心率、地轴倾角和地转轴进动的3种参数的变化幅度与周期来解释上新世——第四纪期间冰期——间冰期交替变化的一种理论．该理论1842年由Adhemar提出，经过Croll发展到Milankovitch最终完成，经历了整100年的时间。上世纪60年代开始，深海、黄土、冰芯等大量的地质记录都揭示出３种周期变化，从而证实冰期天文理论的正确性，同时也对冰期天文理论带来了一些概念上的修正．但是，Berger计算的天文曲线至少从6 Ma以来展示同一规律的变化，然而地质记录却显示清晰的分段响应模式：41 kyr的地轴倾角周期在5.3～1.4 Ma期间一直是记录曲线的主要特征；北半球冰川作用只是在2.7 Ma BP才开始大规模出现；0.8 Ma开始100 Ka周期转变为主要周期，称之为中更新世转型（MPT）．还有：11阶段和全新世是2个偏心率很低的时期，但记录中却是冰期——间冰期振幅最大的时期，即大的间冰期为何出现于低偏心时期；由间冰期进入冰期比由冰期进入间冰期时来的快，意味大冰盖建造需要很长的时间，而消融则比较迅速．这些都是冰期天文理论本身不能解释的问题，正在由地球响应系统的研究来探索答案．

关键词：轨道参数变化发现深海氧同位素记录冰期理论修正

铀系不平衡在粤北花岗岩风化速率研究中的应用

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华南师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2019年第5期51卷 84-91页

作者：杨虹周尚哲华南师范大学地理科学学院

为探讨粤北花岗岩化学风化过程中所表征的地貌演化和气候环境变化,选取锦江流域为研究区,运用铀系不平衡方法,测试流域内河流水中铀的质量浓度、风化壳及岩石中铀的质量分数、234 U与238 U的放射性活度比,计算流域中花岗岩的化学风化速... 详细信息

为探讨粤北花岗岩化学风化过程中所表征的地貌演化和气候环境变化,选取锦江流域为研究区,运用铀系不平衡方法,测试流域内河流水中铀的质量浓度、风化壳及岩石中铀的质量分数、234 U与238 U的放射性活度比,计算流域中花岗岩的化学风化速率.结果显示:在当前水热条件下,本流域中平均CIA值为86.84的花岗岩风化壳的化学风化速率为0.038 mm/a,即风化1 m厚的花岗岩需要约26 000年;在热带亚热带地区,控制岩石风化的主要因素是高温潮湿的气候条件;铀系同位素之间产生的不平衡适用于量化评估风化作用下水-土-岩三者间的相互作用,也为岩石风化及地表过程的相关研究提供了一种新的示踪手段.

关键词：岩石化学风化速率铀系不平衡风化程度