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Experimental investigation of the mixing efficiency via intensity of segregation along axial direction of a rotating bar reactor

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中国化学工程学报:英文版 2023年第7期59卷 153-159页

作者： Abdelgadir bashir Banaga Yan-Bin Li Zhi-Hao Li Bao-Chang Sun Guang-Wen Chu State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composite Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Department of Chemical Engineering Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China

As a significant index to evaluate the mixing efficiency,studying the concentration distribution is directly related to the intensity of segregation(I_(s)).In this work,the I_(s) of the mixture composed of NaCl solutionwater was investigated experimentally in a rotating bar reactor(RBR)by the conductivity *** results showed that the mixing efficiency was improved along the axial direction from the bottom to the top in the *** concentration distribution at the bottom section was more uneven,and I_(s) was higher compared with the top section,which decreased from 6.53×10^(-5)to 1.57×10^(-7).With the increase of rotational speed from 0 to 700 r·min^(-1),I_s at the bottom and top sections decreased from 4.27×10^(-3)to 7.10×10^(-5)and from 1.93×10^(-3)to 7.29×10^(-7),*** increases flow rate of solution A,and the decreases of concentration of NaCl and flow rate of solution B gave rise to the reduction of I_(s),signifying an improved mixing *** results revealed that the conductivity method used in this paper has high efficiency and low cost to measure the I_(s),which indicates a promising prospect for estimating reactors'mixing performance.

关键词： Intensity of segregation Mixing efficiency Rotating bar reactor Conductivity method Concentration distribution

Assessing Secure OpenID-Based EAAA Protocol to Prevent MITM and Phishing Attacks in Web Apps

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 4713-4733页

作者： Muhammad Bilal Sandile C.Showngwe Abid bashir Yazeed Y.Ghadi College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfontein9301South Africa Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Computer Science/Software Engineering Al Ain UniversityAbu DhabiUAE

To secure web applications from Man-In-The-Middle(MITM)and phishing attacks is a challenging task *** this purpose,authen-tication protocol plays a vital role in web communication which securely transfers data from one party to *** authentication works via OpenID,Kerberos,password authentication protocols,***,there are still some limitations present in the reported security *** this paper,the presented anticipated strategy secures both Web-based attacks by leveraging encoded emails and a novel password form pattern *** proposed OpenID-based encrypted Email’s Authentication,Authorization,and Accounting(EAAA)protocol ensure security by relying on the email authenticity and a Special Secret Encrypted Alphanumeric String(SSEAS).This string is deployed on both the relying party and the email server,which is unique and *** first authentication,OpenID Uniform Resource Locator(URL)identity,is performed on the identity provider side.A second authentication is carried out by the hidden Email’s server side and receives a third authentication *** Email’s third SSEAS authentication link manages on the relying party(RP).Compared to existing cryptographic single sign-on protocols,the EAAA protocol ensures that an OpenID URL’s identity is secured from MITM and phishing *** study manages two attacks such as MITM and phishing attacks and gives 339 ms response time which is higher than the already reported methods,such as Single Sign-On(SSO)and *** experimental sites were examined by 72 information technology(IT)specialists,who found that 88.89%of respondents successfully validated the user authorization provided to them via *** proposed EAAA protocol minimizes the higher-level risk of MITM and phishing attacks in an OpenID-based atmosphere.

关键词： Secure user authentication SSO OpenID phishing attack MITM attack

Interface structures and mechanical properties of corrugated + flat rolled and traditional rolled Mg/Al clad plates

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Rare Metals 2021年第10期40卷 2947-2955页

作者： Sha Li Chao Luo Muhammad-Umar bashir Yi Jia Jian-Chao Han Tao Wang College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Engineering Research Center of Advanced Metal Composites Forming Technology and Equipment Ministry of EducationTaiyuan 030024China TYUT-UOW Joint Research Center Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

The corrugated + flat rolling(CFR) and traditional rolling(TR) methods were used to prepare Mg/Al clad plates using AZ31 B Mg and 5052 Al plates, and the interface morphologies and mechanical properties of the resulting clad plates were compared. Examination of the microstructures of the plates showed that the TRed Mg/Al clad plate presented a straight interface, while a corrugated interface containing fractured intermetallic particulates was observed for the CFRed plate due to the inhomogeneous strain induced by the corrugated roller. During the CFR process, the corrugated roller can accelerate the rupture of the substrate work-hardening layers and facilitate the mutual extrusion of fresh metals to enhance the interface bonding. Compared with the traditional basal texture of the Mg alloy, the CFR process can change the texture morphology, thereby enhancing the plastic deformation ability of the Mg plate. Tensile tests showed that the CFRed Mg/Al clad plate exhibited a higher ultimate tensile strength(UTS, 316 MPa), which was~ 8% higher than that of the TRed plate(293 MPa). In addition, the bending curve of the CFRed clad plate was smooth and there was no stress sudden drop phenomenon in the bending process. The higher UTS and excellent bending properties of the CFRed clad plate could be attributed to the enhanced coordinated deformation ability of the substrates induced by the corrugated interface, grain refinement, and the change in the Mg alloy texture morphology.

关键词： Mg/Al clad plate Corrugated+flat rolling Traditional rolling Interface morphologies Mechanical properties

Cache in fog computing design,concepts,contributions,and security issues in machine learning prospective

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第5期9卷 1033-1052页

作者： Muhammad Ali Naeem Yousaf Bin Zikria Rashid Ali Usman Tariq Yahui Meng Ali Kashif bashir School of Science Guangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming525000China Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea Department of Information and Communication Technologies Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUnited Kingdom Woxsen School of Business Woxsen UniversityHyderabadIndia Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon

The massive growth of diversified smart devices and continuous data generation poses a challenge to communication *** deal with this problem,communication networks consider fog computing as one of promising technologies that can improve overall communication *** brings on-demand services proximate to the end devices and delivers the requested data in a short *** computing faces several issues such as latency,bandwidth,and link utilization due to limited resources and the high processing demands of end *** this end,fog caching plays an imperative role in addressing data dissemination *** study provides a comprehensive discussion of fog computing,Internet of Things(IoTs)and the critical issues related to data security and dissemination in fog ***,we determine the fog-based caching schemes and contribute to deal with the existing issues of fog ***,this paper presents a number of caching schemes with their contributions,benefits,and challenges to overcome the problems and limitations of fog *** also identify machine learning-based approaches for cache security and management in fog computing,as well as several prospective future research directions in caching,fog computing,and machine learning.

关键词： Internet of things Cloud computing Fog computing Caching Latency

Isolation Enhancement in a Compact Four-Element MIMO Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 911-925页

作者： Awais Khan Shahid bashir Salman Ghafoor Hatem Rmili Jawad Mirza Ammar Ahmad Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Science and TechnologyBannu28100Pakistan School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science(SEECS) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad44000Pakistan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia SEECS Photonic Research Group National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan

Mutual coupling reduction or isolation enhancement in antenna arrays is an important area of research as it severely affects the performance of an *** this paper,a new type of compact and highly isolated Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO)antenna for ultra-wideband(UWB)applications is *** design consists of four radiators that are orthogonally positioned and confined to a compact 40×40×0.8 mm3 *** final antenna design uses an inverted L shape partial ground to produce an acceptable reflection coefficient(S1120 db for majority of the UWB *** antenna was fabricated and tested with the vector network analyzer(VNA)and in an anechoic chamber for scattering parameters and radiation ***,different MIMO diversity performance metrics are also measured to validate the proposed *** simulation results and the experimental results from the constructed model agree quite *** proposed antenna is compared with similar designs in recently published literature for various performance *** of its low envelope correlation coefficient(ECC9.99 dB),peak gain of 4.6 dB,reduced channel capacity loss(CCL<0.4 b/s/Hz),and average radiation efficiency of over 85%,the proposed MIMO antenna is ideally suited for practical UWB applications.

关键词： Multiple input multiple output antennas envelope correlation coefficient defected ground structure ultra wide band diversity gain

Assessing soil nitrous oxide emission as affected by phosphorus and nitrogen addition under two moisture levels

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2865-2872页

作者： bashir Ullah Muhammad Shaaban HU Rong-gui ZHAO Jin-song LIN Shan College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University

Agricultural soils are deficient of phosphorus （P） worldwide. Phosphatic fertilizers are therefore applied to agricultural soils to improve the fertility and to increase the crop yield. However, the effect of phosphorus application on soil N2O emissions has rarety been studied. Therefore, we conducted a laboratory study to investigate the effects P addition on soil N2O emissions from P deficient alluvial soil under two levels of nitrogen （N） fertilizer and soil moisture. Treatments were arranged as follows： P （0 and 20 mg P kg-1） was applied to soil under two moisture levels of 60 and 90% water filled pore space （WFPS）. Each P and moisture treatment was further treated with two levels of N fertilizer （0 and 200 mg N kg-1 as urea）. Soil variables including mineral nitrogen （NH4＋-N and NO3--N）, available P, dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, and soil N2O emissions were measured throughout the study period of 50 days. Results showed that addition of P increased N2O emis- sions either under 60% WFPS or 90% WFPS conditions. Higher N2O emissions were observed under 90% WFPS when compared to 60% WFPS. Application of N fertilizer also enhanced N2O emissions and the highest emissions were 141 μg N2O kg-1 h-1 in P＋N treatment under 90% WFPS. The results of the present study suggest that P application markedly increases soil N2O emissions under both low and high soil moisture levels, and either with or without N fertilizer application.

关键词： phosphorus N2O emission water filled pore space nitrogen greenhouse gas

A Minimalist Account of Wh-Movement in Fulfulde

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2020年第1期6卷 104-119页

作者： bashir Usman Baba-Kura Alkali Gazali University of Maiduguri Nigeria

Operator movement is one of the scholastic views which have been advanced to analyse expressions that contain an operator of some *** this work,attention will be focused on interrogative operator in *** work examines the nature of wh-movement in Fulfulde using the minimalist *** conducting the research,primary and secondary sources of data collection were *** native speaker’s intuition forms the primary source of data while the secondary source involves three competent native speakers of Adamawa Fulfulde to validate the *** outcome of the study reveals four types of wh-movement in *** four types of wh-movement in Fulfulde are the subject preposed from its canonical position in declarative sentences to a new position in interrogative *** are both left to right movement and right to left *** interrogative questions are marked by an optional‘na’at the end of the *** is possible and grammatical to have double interrogatives but only one of the elements can *** movement is determined by proximity,short or long movement of the interrogative marker to either left to right or right to ***,wh-or interrogative element in Fulfulde is represented by-ye and-e suffixes bound to stems of pronouns and some ***-piping and preposition stranding are also *** some whmovement,the question remains in place called wh-in-situ;here,the interrogative marker does not move at *** this happens the interrogative marker occupies the position of the element in *** there is movement,each move element leaves behind a trace marked by‘t’and the trace is co-indexed so that we can see the extraction sites and the landing sites of the elements that have *** direct object preposed to the complementizer position through wh-movement and the subject of the main clause raises and moves into the subject position of the relative clause in order to check the question feature of comp

关键词： wh-movement minimalist Fulfulde interpretable and uninterpretable features complementizer

Improved STCA Model for Multi-Lane Using Driving Guidance under CVIS

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第10期133卷 67-92页

作者： Xun Li Wenzhe Ma Zhengfan Zhao Muhammad bashir Wenjie Wang Xiaohua Wang School of Electronics and Information Xi’an Polytechnic UniversityXi’an710048China The Fifth Institute of Electronics Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyGuangzhou440100China

In a multi-lane area,the increasing randomness of lane changes contributes to traffic insecurity and local traffic flow instability.A study on safe lane shifting activity that focuses on threat assessment under real-time knowledge is necessary to enhance smooth vehicle *** paper proposed amore comprehensive lane changing guidance rule to investigate the status of surrounding vehicles to accommodate future vehicle-on-road collaborative environments based on these parameters 1)lane change demand and 2)treat assessment *** collaborative relationships between vehicles are analyzed using a cellular automata model based on their location,velocity,and *** analyze and examine the relationship between the number of lanes and traffic flow when the road capacity is heavily mined via intelligent lane *** analysis can further provide theoretical guidance for the selection of road expansion *** proposed STCA-L is compared based on the average speed,average flow,lane changing frequency,spatial and temporal pattern of STCA,STCA-I,and STCA-S,and STCA-M under different vehicle *** numerical simulation results show that our proposed STCA-L provides themost flexible lane changing guidance in the multi-lanes ***,the simulated results show that the exponential growth of physical space cannot provide the corresponding increase in the average flow of vehicles.

关键词： Traffic engineering microscopic traffic flow model cooperative vehicle infrastructure system(CVIS) cellular automaton model lane changing

Biogeochemical evaluation of Nannorrhops ritchiana: A Mg-flora from Khuzdar, Balochistan, Pakistan

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2005年第4期24卷 327-337页

作者： Sadaf Naseem Shahid Naseem Erum bashir Khaula Shirin Shamim A. Sheikh Department of Geology University of Karachi Karachi 75270 PakistanDepartment of Geology University of Karachi Karachi 75270 PakistanDepartment of Geology University of Karachi Karachi 75270 PakistanPCSIR Laboratories Complex off University Road Karachi PakistanDepartment of Geology University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan

Nannorrhops ritchiana (Mazari Palm) is a distinctive flora growing in the Saharo-Sindian region. It is well distributed on the ultramafic soil, derived from the Bela Ophiolite in the Khuzdar District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Quantitative estimation of Ca, Mg, Fe and Ni in soil and plant ash has been carried out. The constituents of plant ash have been discussed in relation to soil chemistry, pH, climate, mobility, average abundance in plant ash and exclusion mechanism of the flora. Relationship among Ca, Mg, Fe and Ni has been established using scattergrams to evaluate the biogeochemistry of the plant. High contents of Mg and high coefficient of biological absorption allow it to be classed as Mg-flora. Both Ca and Fe appeared to be antagonistic to Mg. The metal assemblage of N. ritchiana nicely reflected the nature of the bed rock as being serpentinized ultramafic, and its corresponding soils. Good exclusion mechanism of N. ritchiana did not allow it to absorb high Ni from the soil. Relatively high concentrations of Ni in N. ritchiana from the Baran Lak area can be used to localize Ni-mineralization in the study area.; Statistical analyses, such as minimum, maximum, mean, mode, median, standard deviations, and coefficient of correlation, were also made to improve raw geochemical data and interpretations.

关键词：巴基斯坦生物化学超碱土壤土壤化学