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The gut microbiome modulate response to immunotherapy in cancer

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 381-396页

作者： shan-shan Jiang Zi-Ran Kang Ying-Xuan Chen Jing-Yuan Fang Division of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology Shanghai Instituteof Digestive DiseaseNHC KeyLaboratoryof Digestive DiseasesState KeyLaboratoryfor Oncogenesand Related GenesRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200001China

Gut microbiota have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant ***,clinical studies have identified specific gut microbiota and its metabolites associated with efficacy of immunotherapy in multiple types of *** investigations have elucidated that gut microbiota modulate the antitumor immunity and affect the efficacy of cancer *** microbiota and its metabolites may favorably remodel the tumor microenvironment by engaging innate and/or adaptive immune *** how the gut microbiome interacts with cancer immunotherapy opens new avenues for improving treatment *** microbial transplants,probiotics,dietary interventions,and other strategies targeting the microbiota have shown promise in preclinical studies to enhance the *** clinical trials are evaluating these *** review presents the recent advancements in understanding the dynamic interplay among the host immunity,the microbiome,and cancer immunotherapy,as well as strategies for modulating the microbiome,with a view to translating into clinical applications.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy gut microbiota intratumoral microbiota microbiota-derived metabolites innate and adaptive immunity

P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 440-453页

作者： shan Luo Yifei Wang Tatsuhiro Hisatsune Department of Integrated Biosciences The University of TokyoKashiwaJapan

Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent form of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated *** amyloid-beta plaques has been a primary direction for developing Alzheimer’s disease treatments in the last ***,existing drugs targeting amyloid-beta plaques have not fully yielded the expected results in the clinic,necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic *** evidence unravels that astrocyte morphology and function alter in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients,with dysregulated astrocytic purinergic receptors,particularly the P2Y1 receptor,all of which constitute the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s *** receptors are not only crucial for maintaining normal astrocyte function but are also highly implicated in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s *** review delves into recent insights into the association between P2Y1 receptor and Alzheimer’s disease to underscore the potential neuroprotective role of P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease by mitigating neuroinflammation,thus offering promising avenues for developing drugs for Alzheimer’s disease and potentially contributing to the development of more effective treatments.

关键词： astrocytes neuroinflammation P2Y1 receptor purinergic receptor

Immune cells:potential carriers or agents for drug delivery to the central nervous system

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Military Medical Research 2025年第1期12卷 121-153页

作者： shan-shan Zhang Ruo-Qi Li Zhong Chen Xiao-Ying Wang Aaron S.Dumont Xiang Fan School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053China Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053China Clinical Neuroscience Research Center Department of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70122USA

Drug delivery systems(DDS)have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted ***,the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenge mainly due to the obstruction from brain *** cells infiltrating the CNS in the pathological state have inspired the development of strategies for CNS foundation drug ***,we outline the three major brain barriers in the CNS and the mechanisms by which immune cells migrate across the blood–brain *** subsequently review biomimetic strategies utilizing immune cell-based nanoparticles for the delivery of nanoparticles/drugs to the CNS,as well as recent progress in rationally engineering immune cell-based DDS for CNS ***,we discuss the challenges and opportunities of immune cell-based DDS in CNS diseases to promote their clinical development.

关键词： Drug delivery systems Immune cells Blood-brain barrier Central nervous system

Enhanced mechanical squeezing in an optomechanical system via backward stimulated Brillouin scattering

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第1期34卷 315-322页

作者： shan-shan Chen Yi-Long Xie Jing-Jing Zhang Na-Na Zhang Yong-Rui Guo huan Yang Yong Ma School of Optoelectronic Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China China Electronics Technology Group Corporation 44th Research Institute Chongqing 400065China

We investigate theoretically the enhancement of mechanical squeezing in a multimode optomechanical system by introducing a coherent phonon–photon interaction via the backward stimulated Brillouin scattering(BSBS)*** coherent photon–phonon interaction where two optical modes couple to a Brillouin acoustic mode with a large decay rate provides an extra channel for the cooling of a Duffing mechanical *** squeezing degree and the robustness to the thermal noises of the Duffing mechanical mode can be enhanced *** the Duffing nonlinearity is weak,the squeezing degree of the mechanical mode in the presence of BSBS can be improved by more than one order of magnitude compared with that in the absence of *** scheme may be extended to other quantum systems to study novel quantum effects.

关键词： mechanical squeezing optomechanical system backward stimulated Brillouin scattering Duffing nonlinearity

Relativistic hyperpolarizabilities of atomic H,Li,and Be^(+)systems

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第2期34卷 230-239页

作者： shan-shan Lu Hong-Yuan Zheng Zong-Chao Yan James F.Babb Li-Yan Tang State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Physics University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada ITAMP Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian60 Garden St.CambridgeMA 02138USA

For atoms in external electric fields,the hyperpolarizabilities are the coefficients describing the nonlinear interactions contributing to the induced energies at the fourth power of the applied electric *** evaluations of these coefficients for various systems are crucial for improving precision in advanced atom-based optical lattice clocks and for estimating field-induced effects in atoms for quantum information ***,there is a notable scarcity of research on atomic hyperpolarizabilities,especially in the relativistic *** work addresses this gap by establishing a novel set of alternative formulas for the hyperpolarizability based on the fourth-order perturbation *** formulas offer a more reasonable regrouping of scalar and tensor components compared to previous formulas,thereby enhancing their correctness and *** validate our formulas,we perform the calculations for the ground and low-lying excited pure states of few-electron atoms H,Li,and Be^(+).The highly accurate results obtained for the H atom could serve as benchmarks for further development of other theoretical methods.

关键词： hyperpolarizabilities Stark effect fourth-order perturbation few-electron atoms

ImSpiRE: image feature-aided spatial resolution enhancement method

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 272-283页

作者： Yuwei Hua Yizhi Zhang Zhenming Guo shan Bian Yong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Medical Innovation Center Institute for Regenerative MedicineDepartment of NeurosurgeryShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The resolution of most spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies usually cannot attain the single-cell level,limiting their applications in biological ***,we introduce ImSpiRE,an image feature-aided spatial resolution enhancement method for in situ capturing spatial *** the information stored in histological images,ImSpiRE solves an optimal transport problem to redistribute the expression profiles of spots to construct new transcriptional profiles with enhanced resolution,together with extending the gene expression profiles into unmeasured *** to multiple datasets confirm that ImSpiRE can enhance spatial resolution to the subspot level while contributing to the discovery of tissue domains,signaling communication patterns,and spatiotemporal characterization.

关键词： spatial transcriptome histological images spatial resolution enhancement

Establishing a new testing protocol of the electrochemical stability window for electric double-layer capacitors

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 217-225页

作者： Ruilin Hou Xiaoxi Zhao Tingting Liang Qingyun Dou shan Xu Xingbin Yan School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Center of Industrial Analysis and Testing Guangdong Academy of ScienceGuangzhou 510651China College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

The electrochemical stability window(ESW)is crucial for determining the energy density of electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs).However,current ESW testing protocols of EDLCs are strongly affected by artificial factors,thereby leading to unreliable *** solve this problem,we first identify the key shortcomings of the traditional protocols by analyzing their test ***,taking an aqueous carbon-based EDLC as an example,we design a side reaction descriptor to represent the response difference in the charging capacitance to side reactions between the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic chargedischarge *** the aid of this descriptor,we propose a new ESW testing protocol,which is not only able to completely avoid the adverse influence of subjective factors but also fully consider the operating condition *** protocol can be extended from the single electrode to the full *** work proposes a more rigorous definition of ESW and provides a reliable protocol for evaluating the ESW of EDLCs.

关键词： electric double-layer capacitors electrochemical stability window testing protocol side reaction descriptor operating limitation

High-temperature calcination dramatically promotes the activity of Cs/Co/Ce-Sn catalyst for soot oxidation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第1期36卷 534-538页

作者： Meng Wang Yan Zhang Yunbo Yu Wenpo shan Hong He Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research StationInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315800China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Catalytic oxidation of soot is of great importance for emission control on diesel *** this work,a highly active Cs/Co/Ce-Sn catalyst was investigated for soot oxidation,and it was unexpectedly found that high-temperature calcination greatly improved the activity of the *** the calcination temperature was increased from 500℃ to 750℃,T_(50) decreased from 456.9℃ to 389.8℃ in a NO/O_(2)/H_(2)O/N_(2) *** results revealed that high-temperature calcination can promote the ability to transfer negative charge density from Cs to other metal cations in Cs/Co/Ce-Sn,which will facilitate the production of more oxygen defects and the generation of more surface-active oxygen *** oxygen species are beneficial to the oxidation of NO to NO_(2),leading to the high yield of NO_(2) ***,the Cs/Co/Ce-Sn catalyst calcined at 750℃ demonstrated higher activity than that calcined at 500℃.This work provides a pathway to prepare high efficiency catalysts for the removal of soot and significant insight into the effects of calcination on soot oxidation catalysts.

关键词： Soot oxidation Calcination Surface defects Surface-active oxygen species NO_(2)

Wave effect of gravitational waves intersected with a microlens field II:An adaptive hierarchical tree algorithm and population study

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 237-250页

作者： Xikai shan Guoliang Li Xuechun Chen Wen Zhao Bin Hu Shude Mao Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Department of Astronomy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Physics and Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Key Laboratory for Researches in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

The gravitational lensing wave effect generated by a microlensing field embedded in a lens galaxy is an inevitable phenomenon in strong lensed gravitational waves(SLGWs).This effect presents both challenges and opportunities for the detection and appli-cation of ***,investigating this wave effect requires computing a complete diffraction integral over each microlens in the *** is extremely time-consuming due to the large number of microlenses(10^(3)-10^(6)).Therefore,simply adding all the microlenses is ***,the complexity of the time delay surface makes the lens plane resolution a crucial factor in controlling numerical *** this paper,we propose a trapezoid approximation-based adaptive hierarchical tree algo-rithm to meet the challenges of calculation speed and *** find that this algorithm accelerates the calculation by four orders of magnitude compared to the simple adding method and is one order of magnitude faster than the fixed hierarchical tree algorithm proposed for electromagnetic *** importantly,our algorithm ensures controllable numerical errors,increasing confidence in the *** with our previous work(***.66,239511,2023),this paper addresses all numerical issues,including integral convergence,precision,and computational time1).Finally,we conducted a population study on the microlensing wave effect of SLGWs using this algorithm and found that the microlensing wave effect cannot be ignored,especially for Type II SLGWs(from saddle position of the time delay surface)due to their intrinsic geometric structures and their typical intersection with a denser microlensing ***,more than 33%(11%)of SLGWs have a mismatch larger than 1%(3%)compared to the unlensed ***,we found that the mismatch between signal pairs in a doubly imaged GW is generally larger than 10^(−3),and 61%(25%)of signal pairs have a mismatch larger than 1%(3%).Theref

关键词： gravitational lensing diffractional integral algorithm gravitational wave