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Soil CO_2 and N_2O Emissions in Maize Growing Season Under Different Fertilizer Regimes in an Upland Red Soil Region of South China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 604-614页

作者： ZHANG Xu-bo WU Lian-hai SUN Nan DING xue-shan LI Jian-wei WANG Bo-ren LI Dong-chu Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department Rothamsted Research Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma

Upland red soils have been identified as major CO2 and N2O sources induced by human activities such as fertilization. To monitor characteristics of soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes in cropland ecosystems after continuous fertilizer applications over decades and to separate the respective contributions of root and heterotrophic respiration to the total soil CO2 and N2O fluxes, the measurements of soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes throughout the maize growing season in 2009 were carried out based on a fertilization experiment （from 1990） through of the maize （Zea mays L.） growing season in red soil in southern China. Five fertilization treatments were chosen from the experiment for study： zero-fertilizer application （CK）, nitrogen-phosphorus- potassium （NPK） fertilizer application only, pig manure （M）, NPK plus pig manure （NPKM） and NPK with straw （NPKS）. Six chambers were installed in each plot. Three of them are in the inter-row soil （NR） and the others are in the soil within the row （R）. Each fertilizer treatment received the same amount of N （300 kg ha-1 yr-1）. Results showed that cumulative soil CO2 fluxes in NR or R were both following the order： NPKS〉M, NPKM〉NPK〉CK. The contributions of root respiration to soil CO2 fluxes was 40, 44, 50, 47 and 35% in CK, NPK, NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, with the mean value of 43%. Cumulative soil N2O fluxes in NR or R were both following the order： NPKS, NPKM〉M〉NPK〉CK, and soil N2O fluxes in R were 18, 20 and 30% higher than that in NR in NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, but with no difference between NR and R in NPK treatment. Furthermore, combine with soil temperature at -5 cm depth and soil moisWxe （0-20 cm） together could explain 55-70% and 42-59% of soil CO2 and N2O emissions with root interference and 62- 78% and 44-63% of that without root interference, respectively. In addition, soil CO2 and N2O flUXeS per unit yield in NPKM （0.55 and 0.10 kg C t^-1） and M （0.65 and 0.13 g N t^-1） treatments were

关键词： greenhouse gas emissions carbon dioxide nitrous oxide manure mineral fertilizers straw return South China

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Adversarial Defense Technology for Small Infrared Targets

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 1235-1250页

作者： Yu, Tongan xue, Yali He, Yiming Cui, shan Hong, Jun College of Automation Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210000 China shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute Shanghai 201109 China

With the rapid development of deep learning-based detection algorithms, deep learning is widely used in the field of infrared small target detection. However, well-designed adversarial samples can fool human visual perception, directly causing a serious decline in the detection quality of the recognition model. In this paper, an adversarial defense technology for small infrared targets is proposed to improve model robustness. The adversarial samples with strong migration can not only improve the generalization of defense technology, but also save the training cost. Therefore, this study adopts the concept of maximizing multidimensional feature distortion, applying noise to clean samples to serve as subsequent training samples. On this basis, this study proposes an inverse perturbation eliminationmethod based onGenerativeAdversarialNetworks (GAN)to realize the adversarial defense, and design the generator and discriminator for infrared small targets, aiming to make both of them compete with each other to continuously improve the performance of the model, find out the commonalities and differences between the adversarial samples and the original samples. Through experimental verification, our defense algorithmis not only able to cope with multiple attacks but also performs well on different recognition models compared to commonly used defense algorithms, making it a plug-and-play efficient adversarial defense technique. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tech Science Press.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and pretreatment with Lycium barbarum glycopeptide

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第9期17卷 1599-1605页

作者： Yan-Xia Wu Shuo Yin shan-shan Song Xiang Liu Yu-Xuan Deng xue-Jing Lu Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075Sichuan ProvinceChina Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610084Sichuan ProvinceChina School of Chinese Classics Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 610075Sichuan ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention&Cure and Visual Function Protection with Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075Sichuan ProvinceChina Retinal Image Technology and Chronic Vascular Disease Prevention&Control and Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu 610075Sichuan ProvinceChina

AIM:To investigate the antioxidant protective effect of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide(LbGP)pretreatment on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury(RIRI)in ***:RIRI was induced in Sprague Dawley rats through anterior chamber perfusion,and pretreatment involved administering LbGP via gavage for *** 24h of reperfusion,serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and creatinine(CREA)levels,retinal structure,expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)in the retina were ***:The pretreatment with LbGP effectively protected the retina and retinal tissue from edema and inflammation in the ganglion cell layer(GCL)and nerve fiber layer(NFL)of rats subjected to RIRI,as shown by light microscopy and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Serum AST was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.042),but no difference was found in ALT,AST,and CREA across the LbGP groups and model ***-3 expression was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.006),but no difference was found among LbGP groups and the model ***-8 expression was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.000),and lower in the 400 mg/kg LbGP group than in the model group(P=0.016).SOD activity was lower in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.001),and the decrease was slower in the 400 mg/kg LbGP group than in the model group(P=0.003).MDA content was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.001),and lower in the 400 mg/kg LbGP group than in the model group(P=0.016).The pretreatment with LbGP did not result in any observed liver or renal toxicity in the ***:LbGP pretreatment exhibits dosedependent anti-inflammatory,and antioxidative effects by reducing Caspase-8 expression,preventing declines of SOD activity,and decreasing MDA content in the RIRI rat model.

关键词： retinal ischemia-reperfusion Lycium barbarum glycopeptide pretreatment anti-inflammatory antioxidative rat

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Fracheal Intubation Awake or Under Anesthesia for Potential Difficult Airway： Look Before You Leap

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第6期131卷 753-756页

作者： Fu-shan xue Qian-Jin Liu Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China Department of Anesthesiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA

Securing a patent airway remains a pivotal point in clinical anesthesia, while failure to establish airway in anesthetized patients can cause severe outcomes in a few minutes. According to the closed claims analysis conducted by the American Society of Anesthesiologists, a leading cause of anesthesia-related patient injury is the inability to intubate the trachea and secure the airway. As consequences, 85% of those are either death or brain damage.

关键词： SOCIETY GUIDELINES MANAGEMENT COMPLICATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS ANESTHETISTS PATIENT CLAIMS

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Study on Wisdom Tourism Information System based on WSN Technology

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International Journal of Technology Management 2015年第1期 1-3页

作者： shan xue Linan ZHU Qingdao Vocational and TeclmicalCollege of Hotel Management China

Aiming at the tourism informationization is difficult to meet the needs of passengers and massive data processing changes day by day, this paper puts forward a solution based on WSN wisdom travel. The scheme will be the tourism resources virtualization to frame a wisdom tourism cloud platform based on cloud computing IAAS, PAAS and SAAS model, and use cloud computing and open source software OpenStack, Hadoop architecture design. The purpose enable the tourism resources of wisdom navel cloud system into one unified management, unified sales, unified treatment and unified service. Thus the system implement the tourism industry cluster and the collaborative development of tourism resources, improve the information processing capacity and reliability.

关键词： WSN Wisdom tourism Open source software

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Robust asymmetric Cherenkov radiation in tilted anisotropic medium

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 46-51页

作者： Shuwen xue Yadong Xu Linkang Han Zhi Ning Chen Qiaoliang Bao shan Zhu Huanyang Chen Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Department of Physics College of Physical Science and TechnologyJiujiang Research InstituteXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China School of Physical Science and Technology Institute of Theoretical and Applied PhysicsSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 8117583Singapore Institute of Energy Materials Science(IEMS) University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Cherenkov radiation(CR)is available for a wide variety of terahertz(THz)radiation sources,but its efficiency is deeply affected by intrinsic *** find that if the tilted angle(α)of anisotropic material and radiation angle(θ)meet the condition ofθ+α=π/2,the intensity of radiation fields for the charged particle bunch(CPB)moving from left to right cannot be influenced by intrinsic losses,which means long-distance radiation can be ***,we observe an asymmetric CR when the CPB moves from the opposite *** addition,we select natural van der Waals(vd W)materialα-MoO3as an example,further confirming that the radiation field can reach the far field and the asymmetric CR radiation can also be *** wonderful properties with long-distance radiation will extend the application of CR to a certain extent for future design and fabrication.

关键词： asymmetric Cherenkov radiation intrinsic losses long-distance radiation

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Nickel-catalyzed C-N crossing coupling reaction: The synthetic method for N-aryl substituted indenoindole

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2017年第3期28卷 569-574页

作者： Xin-Le Li Xiao-Mei Lang Lian-Ming Yang Sheng-Yuan Zhou Hong-Fan Hu shan xue Xin Sun Shi-Xuan Xin Polyolefin Research Department Petrochina Petrochemical Research Institute Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

A nickel-based catalyst was employed for the first time in the crossing-coupling of indenoindoles with bromo-/iodoarenes. A simple and practical method was provided for the synthesis of N-aryl substituted indenoindole... 详细信息

关键词： Synthesis Nickel Crossing coupling Indenoindole Mechanism

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多模态深层次高置信度融合跟踪算法

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计算机系统应用 2024年第9期33卷 153-163页

作者：高伟薛杉胡秋霞李嘉琦田杰饶晔杨举西安航空学院计算机学院西安710077 中国电子科技集团第十五研究所西安研发中心西安710005

为解决单目标跟踪中因目标外观及环境变化导致的跟踪失败问题,提出一种多模态深层次高置信度融合跟踪算法.首先构建目标颜色模型和基于双线性插值HOG特征形状模型的高维度多模态模型,之后对候选目标利用粒子滤波进行搜索.针对模型融合... 详细信息

为解决单目标跟踪中因目标外观及环境变化导致的跟踪失败问题,提出一种多模态深层次高置信度融合跟踪算法.首先构建目标颜色模型和基于双线性插值HOG特征形状模型的高维度多模态模型,之后对候选目标利用粒子滤波进行搜索.针对模型融合的难点,通过准确量化形状和颜色模型多种置信度并设计高置信度融合准则,以实现该多模态模型中不同置信度的深层次自适应加权平衡融合.最后针对模型更新参数固定的问题,设计非线性分级平衡更新策略.经过在OTB-2015数据集上的测试,发现该算法的平均CLE和OS在所有参照算法表现中均表现最佳,其值分别为30.57和0.609.此外,其FPS为15.67,满足了跟踪算法在一般情况下的实时性要求.在某些常见的特定场景中,其精确率、成功率指标在多数情况下的表现也超过了同类顶尖算法.

关键词：视觉目标跟踪多模态置信度融合深层次加权分级平衡更新

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Enterprise-level business component identification in business architecture integration

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017年第9期18卷 1320-1335页

作者： Jiong FU xue-shan LUO Ai-min LUO Jun-xian LIU Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

The component-based business architecture integration of military information systems is a popu- lar research topic in the field of military operational research. Identifying enterprise-level business components is an important issue in business architecture integration. Currently used methodologies for business component identification tend to focus on software-level business components, and ignore such enterprise concerns in business architectures as organizations and resources. Moreover, approaches to enterprise-level business component identi- fication have proven laborious. In this study, we propose a novel approach to enterprise-level business component identification by considering overall cohesion, coupling, granularity, maintainability, and reusability. We first define and formulate enterprise-level business components based on the component business model and the Department of Defense Architecture Framework （DoDAF） models. To quantify the indices of business components, we formulate a create, read, update, and delete （CRUD） matrix and use six metrics as criteria. We then formulate business com- ponent identification as a multi：objective optimization problem and solve it by a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called the ＇simulated annealing hybrid genetic algorithm （SHGA）＇. Case studies showed that our approach is more practical and efficient for enterprise-level business component identification than prevalent approaches.

关键词： Business architecture integration Business component Component identification Create, read,update, and delete (CRUD) matrix Heuristic

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The Slot Number and Air-Gap Effect on Performance of the High-Speed Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 571-576页

作者： Haiping Xu Shaoshen xue Cheng Fang shan xue Institute of Electrical Engineering (lEE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China

This paper describes the key issues of high-speed brushless permanent magnet motor design, such as rotor design, stator design, and determination of the main dimensions, and the overall design process was given. In this paper, a two-pole three-phase high-speed brushless PM （permanent magnet） motor with ratings air-gap length and stator slot number on the motor performance of 7.5 kW, 30,000 rpm is designed, and the effect of the different was analyzed. The results show that larger number of stator slot decreases the rotor loss and the rotor torque ripple. Larger air-gap length decreases the rotor loss.

关键词： High-speed motor stator slot air-gap permanent magnet motor.

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