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Blockchain for secure and decentralized artificial intelligence in cybersecurity: A comprehensive review

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第3期5卷 184-208页

作者： Ahmed M.shamsan Saleh Department of Information Technology University of TabukTabuk47512Saudi Arabia

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) grows within the field of cybersecurity, so does the demand for secure and decentralized AI systems to protect against potential cyber threats. Blockchain technology has emerged as the ideal approach for increasing both the security and privacy of AI systems since it provides decentralized and immutable data storage. This systematic literature review focuses on the integration of blockchain technology with decentralized AI within cybersecurity. It provides a comprehensive taxonomy of blockchain technology and decentralized AI for cybersecurity, serving as the starting point for the study. This paper begins with an overview of blockchain technology and its possible uses in cybersecurity and also analyzes its challenges and opportunities. Decentralized AI is also covered in the study, along with its potential advantages and difficulties in decentralized AI cybersecurity. Building on that foundation, this study provides convincing findings highlighting the beneficial relationships between blockchain technology and decentralized AI for cybersecurity, contributing to a nuanced comprehension of their integration. Moreover, it offers real-world uses of blockchain-enabled, decentralized AI to discuss its usefulness in tackling cybersecurity concerns. Finally, this paper discusses future research directions for blockchain-enabled decentralized AI in cybersecurity, including potential applications and implications of this technology in the field, emphasizing the potential of blockchain-enabled decentralized AI in cybersecurity to enhance security, privacy, and trust in AI systems.

关键词： Blockchain Artificial intelligence Decentralized Cybersecurity

Enhancing Indoor User Localization:An Adaptive Bayesian Approach for Multi-Floor Environments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 1889-1905页

作者： Abdulraqeb alhammadi Zaid Ahmed shamsan Arijit De Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics(CAIRO) Malaysia-Japan International Institute of TechnologyUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaKuala Lumpur54100Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia Department of Information Engineering Electronics and TelecommunicationsSapienza UniversityRome00185Italy

Indoor localization systems are crucial in addressing the limitations of traditional global positioning system(GPS)in indoor environments due to signal attenuation *** complex indoor spaces become more sophisticated,indoor localization systems become essential for improving user experience,safety,and operational *** localization methods based on Wi-Fi fingerprints require a high-density location fingerprint database,but this can increase the computational burden in the online *** networks,which integrate prior knowledge or domain expertise,are an effective solution for accurately determining indoor user *** networks use probabilistic reasoning to model relationships among various localization parameters for indoor environments that are challenging to *** article proposes an adaptive Bayesian model for multi-floor environments based on fingerprinting techniques to minimize errors in estimating user *** proposed system is an off-the-shelf solution that uses existing Wi-Fi infrastructures to estimate user’s *** operates in both online and offline *** the offline phase,a mobile device with Wi-Fi capability collects radio signals,while in the online phase,generating samples using Gibbs sampling based on the proposed Bayesian model and radio map to predict user’s *** results unequivocally showcase the superior performance of the proposed model when compared to other existing models and *** proposed model achieved an impressive lower average localization error,surpassing the accuracy of competing ***,this noteworthy achievement was attained with minimal reliance on reference points,underscoring the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed model in accurately estimating user locations in indoor environments.

关键词： Localization positioning Bayesian fingerprinting received signal strength(RSS)

Updated bone mineral density status in Saudi patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第35期26卷 5343-5353页

作者： Mohammed Ewid Nawaf al Mutiri Khalid al Omar Amal N shamsan Awais A Rathore Nazmus Saquib Anas Salaas Omar al Sarraj Yaman Nasri Ahmed Attal Abdulrahman Tawfiq Hossam Sherif Internal Medicine Department College of MedicineSulaiman Al Rajhi UniversityBukairyah 51941Al-QassimSaudi Arabia Internal Medicine Department Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Gastroenterology Department King Fahad Specialist HospitalBuraidah 52366Al-QassimSaudi Arabia Epidemiology Department College of MedicineSulaiman Al Rajhi UniversityBukairyah 51941Al-QassimSaudi Arabia Medical students College of MedicineSulaiman Al Rajhi UniversityBukairyah 51941Al-QassimSaudi Arabia Critical Care Medicine Department College of MedicineSulaiman Al Rajhi UniversityBukairyah 51941Al-QassimSaudi Arabia Critical Care Medicine Department Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt

BACKGROUND Little is known about inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)burden and its impact on bone mineral density(BMD)among adult patients in Saudi *** the best of our knowledge,our study is the only study to give an update about this health problem in adult Saudi patients with *** is a great risk factor for reduced BMD due to its associated chronic inflammation,malabsorption,weight loss and medication side ***,screening for reduced BMD among patients with IBD is of utmost importance to curb and control anticipated morbidity and mortality among those *** To assess the relationship between IBD and BMD in a sample of adult Saudi patients with *** Ninety adult patients with IBD-62 Crohn’s disease(CD)and 28 ulcerative colitis(UC)-were recruited from King Fahad Specialist Hospital gastroenterology clinics in Buraidah,*** enrolled patients were interviewed for their demographic information and for IBD-and BMD-related clinical *** patients had the necessary laboratory markers and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans to evaluate their BMD *** were divided into two groups(CD and UC)to explore their clinical characteristics and possible risk factors for reduced *** The CD group was significantly more prone to osteopenia and osteoporosis compared to the UC group;44%of the CD patients had normal BMD,19%had osteopenia,and 37%had osteoporosis,while 78%of the UC patients had normal BMD,7%had osteopenia,and 25%had osteoporosis(P valueally significant correlation with body mass index(BMI)(r=0.45,Pally significant correlation with the lumbar z-score(r=0.82,Palue at≤23.43(m/kg2);area

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Bone mineral density Osteoporosis Fracture risk

Prevention of Carbon Tetrachloride （CCl4）-Induced Liver Damage in Guinea Pigs by Cyphostemma digitatum

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第2期6卷 137-143页

作者： Mohamed A. al-Duais Yahya S. al-Awthan Abdulbaset al-Mashad Mukhtar A. shamsan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ibb University Ibb 70270 Yemen Department of Biology Faculty of Science Ibb University Ibb 70270 Yemen Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agriculture lbb University Ibb 70270 Yemen

Cyphostemma digitatum （Vitaceae） is a perennial, climbing, succulent undershrub with compound fleshy leaves and tendrils. The plant is used mainly as a food flavoring, but it is also a main constituent of traditional Yemeni soup （Marak）. Besides that, it has been described to be used as a medicinal plant. The aim of this work was to study the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of C. digitatum against CCl4-induced liver injury in Guinea pigs. Animals were divided into four groups. Group I, served as normal control. Group II received 2 mL CCl4/kg b.w. diluted with olive oil, at 1：1 ratio on day 11. Group III （test group） was pre-treated orally with 100 mg/kg b.w. aqueous leaves extract of C. digitatum for 10 days followed by subcutaneous injection of CC14 （2 mL/kg b.w.）, once on day 11. Group IV were orally given Liv-52 （100 mg/kg b.w.） once daily for 10 days followed by subcutaneous injection of CC14. Our results show that, the activity of serum hepatic enzymes （alanine aminotranferase （alT）, aspartate aminotranferase （AST）, and alkaline phosphatase （alP）） were significantly elevated in Guinea pigs treated with CCl4, while both the C. digitatum extract and Liv-52 reduced significantly these enzymes activity. also, the levels of glucose, urea, cholesterol and triglycerides were decreased when compared with intoxicated control. Histopathological examination of intoxicated animals showed fatty changes, inflammation and necrosis indicating liver damage, while the animals received C. digitatum or Liv-52 showed less pathological effects or normal liver when compared to animals treated with CC14 alone. Biochemical and histological results confirm the hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of C. digitatum.

关键词： Cyphostemma digitatum extract CCl4 liver damage Guinea pig.

Multi-Band Metamaterial Antenna for Terahertz Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1765-1782页

作者： Adel Y.I.Ashyap M.Inam M.R.Kamarudin M.H.Dahri Z.A.shamsan K.almuhanna F.alorifi Faculty of Engineering Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM)Batu Pahat86400JohorMalaysia Centre for Telecommunication Research&Innovation(CETRI) Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka(UTeM)Melaka76100Malaysia Department of Electronic Engineering Dawood University of Engineering and Technology74800KarachiPakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

A multi-band metamaterial antenna is proposed to operate at the terahertz(THz)band for medical *** proposed structure is designed on a polyimide as a support layer,and its radiating elements are made of ***,the design is started with a conventional shape showing a single operating frequency at 1.1 *** achieve a multi-band operating frequency,the conventional shape was replaced with the proposed metamaterial as a radiating patch that has properties not exist in *** multi-band frequencies are obtained without compromising the overall size of the *** overall size is 600×600×25μm^(3).The operating frequencies are 0.36,0.49,0.69,0.87,and 1.04 THz.A full ground plane is used to behave as isolation between the design and the human body *** proposed design is investigated on free space and on the human body model,showing excellent performance in both *** achieved gains for the following frequencies 0.36,0.49,0.69,0.87,and 1.04 THz are 4.81,6.5,8.41,6.02,and 7.96 dB,respectively,while the efficiencies are 83.91%,96.28%,90.80%,91.71%,and 92.99%,*** conventional design was modified to have a partial ground to show the benefit of using the full *** design is loaded on the human body model and its performance is *** efficiency and gain are 6.61 dB and 95.58.7%for the case of no human body model,and 4.26 dB and 40.30%for the case of using a human body ***,the proposed metamaterial antenna will be useful for future medical applications in the THz band.

关键词： THz 5G a multi-band metamaterials 6G WBAN

Asymmetric Patch Element Reflectarray with Dual Linear and Dual Circular Polarization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 6085-6101页

作者： M.Hashim Dahri M.H.Jamaluddin M.Inam M.R.Kamarudin F.C.Seman A.Y.I.Ashyap Z.A.shamsan K.almuhanna F.alorifi Department of Electronic Engineering Dawood University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachiSindh74800Pakistan Wireless Communication Centre Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81301Johor BahruMalaysia Centre for Telecommunication Research&Innovation(CETRI) Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka(UTeM)Melaka76100Malaysia Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaBatu Pahat86400JohorMalaysia Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

A reflectarray antenna consisting of asymmetrical patch elements is proposed,which is capable of producing dual linear and dual circular polarized operation at 26GHz *** main purpose of this design is to support four different polarizations using the same patch *** proposed reflectarray has a single layer configuration with a linearly polarized feed and circular ring slots in the ground *** patch element is designed from a square patch element by tilting its one vertical side to some optimized inclination.A wide reflection phase range of 600°is obtained with the asymmetric patch element during unit cell measurements.A 332 element circular aperture reflectarray is designed with the proposed configuration and experimentally validated with a linearly polarized prime feed *** different orientations of mirror and non-mirror asymmetric patch elements on the surface of reflectarray are *** linear polarization is obtained with the mirror orientation of the asymmetric patch elements on the surface of ***,asymmetric patch elements without mirror orientation are demonstrated to produce dual circular polarization with the same linearly polarized feed.A maximum measured gain of 24.4 dB and 26.1 dB is achieved for dual linear and dual circular polarization,*** respective measured efficiencies are 28%and 41.3%,which are supported by amaximum−3 dB gain bandwidth of 13.8%and 11.5%.The circular polarization operation of the reflectarray is also supported by a 6 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 9.2%.The proposed asymmetric patch reflectarray antenna with polarization diversity,wide bandwidth and high gain is suitable to be used in many high frequency applications of 5G communication.

关键词： 5G reflectarray polarization diversity circular polarization

Linearly Polarized Millimeter Wave Reflectarray with Mutual Coupling Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2397-2410页

作者： M.Inam M.H.Dahri M.R.Kamarudin A.Y.I.Ashyap M.H.Jamaluddin N.H.Sulaiman M.A.Khan Z.A.shamsan K.almuhanna F.alorifi Centre for Telecommunication Research&Innovation(CETRI) Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka(UTeM)Melaka76100Malaysia Dawood University of Engineering and Technology Karachi City Sindh74800Pakistan Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaBatu Pahat86400JohorMalaysia Wireless Communication Centre Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor Bahru81301Malaysia Faculty of Computing and Engineering Quest International UniversityIpoh30250PerakMalaysia Balochistan University of Information Technology(FICT) Engineering and Management SciencesQuettaPakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

This work provides the design and analysis of a single layer,linearly polarized millimeter wave reflectarray antenna with mutual coupling *** analysis was carried out at 26GHz design frequency using the simulations of the reflectarray unit cells as well as the periodic reflectarray *** simulated results were verified by the scattering parameter and far-fieldmeasurements of the unit cell and periodic arrays,*** agreement between the simulated and measured results was observed in all the *** from the unit cells and reflectarray,the waveguide and horn antenna were also fabricated to be used in the *** measured scattering parameter results of the proposed circular ring unit cells provided a maximum reflection loss of 2.8 dB with phase errors below 10°.On the other hand,the measured far-field results of the 20×20 reflectarray antenna provided a maximum gain of 26.45 dB with a maximum 3 dB beam width of 12°and 1 dB gain drop bandwidth of 13.1%.The performance demonstrated by the proposed reflectarray antenna makes it a potential candidate to be used in modern-day applications such as 5th Generation(5G)and 6th Generation(6G)communication systems.

关键词： Reflectarray millimeter wave antenna mutual coupling antenna measurements