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Production of hydrogen from fossil fuel:A review

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第5期17卷 585-610页

作者： shams ANWAR Xianguo LI Laboratory for Fuel Cell and Green Energy Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L3G1Canada

Production of hydrogen,one of the most promising alternative clean fuels,through catalytic conversion from fossil fuel is the most technically and economically feasible *** conversion of natural gas into hydrogen and carbon is thermodynami-cally favorable under atmospheric ***,using noble metals as a catalyst is costly for hydrogen production,thus mandating non-noble metal-based catalysts such as Ni,Co,and Cu-based *** paper reviews the various hydrogen production methods from fossil fuels through pyrolysis,partial oxidation,autother-mal,and steam reforming,emphasizing the catalytic production of hydrogen via steam reforming of *** multicomponent catalysts composed of several non-noble materials have been *** the Ni,Co,and Cu-based catalysts investigated in the literature,Ni/Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst is the most economical and performs best because it suppresses the coke formation on the *** avoid carbon emission,this method of hydrogen production from methane should be integrated with carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Carbon capture can be accomplished by absorption,adsorption,and membrane separation *** remaining challenges,prospects,and future research and development directions are described.

关键词： methane catalytic conversion natural gas hydrogen production CCUS

Automating identification of services and their variability for product lines using NSGA-II

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2017年第3期11卷 444-464页

作者： Sedigheh KHOSHNEVIS Fereidoon shams Software Engineering Department Shahid Beheshti University Tehran 19836 Iran

Architecture-level business services are identi- fied based on business processes; and likewise, in service- oriented product lines, identifying the domain architecture- level business services and their variability is preferred to be based on business processes and their variability. Identifica- tion of business services for a product line satisfying a set of given design metrics （such as cohesion and coupling） is ex- tremely difficult for a domain architect, since there are many product configurations for which the services must be proper at the same time. This means that the identified services must have proper values for n metrics in m different configura- tions at the same time. The problem becomes more serious when there are high degrees of variability and complexity embedded in the business processes that are the basis for ser- vice identification. We contribute to solve the multi-objective optimization problem of identifying business services for a product line by partitioning the graph of a business process variability model utilizing Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II. The service specification is achieved based on the results of the partitioning. The variability of the services is then determined in terms of mandatory and optional services as well as variability relationships, which are all represented in a Service Variability Model. The method was empirically evaluated through experimentation, and showed proper lev- els of reusability and variability. Furthermore, the resulting models were fully consistent.

关键词： software product model business process genetic line service variability algorithm

Inverting a k-heptadiagonal matrix based on Doolitle LU factorization

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2022年第3期37卷 340-349页

作者： Maryam shams Solary Mehran Rasouli Department of mathematics Payamenoor universityTehranIran

The purpose of the present paper is to show a new numeric and symbolic algorithm for inverting a general nonsingular k-heptadiagonal *** work is based on Doolitle LU factorization of the *** obtain a series of recursive relationships then we use them for constructing a novel algorithm for inverting a k-heptadiagonal *** computational cost of the algorithm is *** illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： k-Heptadiagonal matrices LU factorization algorithm inverse of a matrix

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SPHERICAL, CYLINDRICAL AND AXIAL BUBBLE CLOUDS COLLAPSE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2012年第4期24卷 569-578页

作者： MAHDI Miralam EBRAHIMI Reza shams Mehrzad Faculty of Mechanical Engineering K.N.Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran

The nonlinear dynamics of a spherical, cylindrical and axial cloud of cavitation bubbles were numerically simulated in order to learn more about the physical phenomena occurring in the cloud cavitation. The simulations employed the fully nonlinear continuum mixture equations coupled with the Gilmore equation for the dynamics of bubbles by considering the compressibility of liquid. A set of the Navier-Stokes equations was solved for the gas inside a spherical bubble, considering heat transfer through the gas inside the bubble and the liquid layer. The flow field around the cylindrical and axial cloud was obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes equations using a finite volume method and a dynamic layering mesh scheme. The calculated strength of shock wave in the liquid around the cloud was of the order of 1 ×10^6 Pa and the propagation of this shock wave lasted for l0 p.s. The conducted investigations illustrate that the shock wave propagates before the cloud has completely collapsed. A good agreement with experimental data was observed.

关键词： cloud cavitation shock wave spherical cloud cylindrical cloud axial cloud

Investigating the causes of Lake Urmia shrinkage:climate change or anthropogenic factors?

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第4期15卷 424-438页

作者： Mehri shams GHAHFAROKHI Sogol MORADIAN Department of Social Sciences University of IsfahanIsfahan 81746-73441Iran Department of Civil Engineering University of GalwayGalway H91TK33Ireland

In the current scenario,Lake Urmia,one of the vastest hyper saline lakes on the Earth,has been affected by serious environmental *** different satellite images and observational data,this study investigated the changes in the lake for the period 1970–2020 based on the effects of climate change and several human-induced processes on Lake Urmia,such as population growth,excessive dam construction,low irrigation water use efficiency,poor water resources management,increased sediment flow into the lake,and lack of political and legal *** results indicated that between 1970 and 1997,the process of change in Lake Urmia was slow;however;the shrinkage was faster between 1998 and 2018,with about 30.00%of the lake area *** per the findings,anthropogenic factors had a much greater impact on Lake Urmia than climate change and prolonged drought;the mismanagement of water consumption in the agricultural sector and surface and underground water withdrawals in the basin have resulted in a sharp decrease in the lake's *** challenges have serious implications for water resources management in Lake Urmia ***,we provided a comprehensive overview of anthropogenic factors on the changes in Lake Urmia along with existing opportunities for better water resources management in Lake Urmia *** study serves as a guideline framework for climate scientists and hydrologists in order to assess the effects of different factors on lake water resources and for decision-makers to formulate strategies and plans according to the management task.

关键词： Lake Urmia lake shrinkage climate change population growth dam construction water resources management

Efficient Numerical Scheme for Solving Large System of Nonlinear Equations

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5331-5347页

作者： Mudassir shams Nasreen Kausar shams Forruque Ahmed Irfan Anjum Badruddin Syed Javed Department of Mathematics and Statistics Riphah International UniversityI-14Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Yildiz Technical UniversityFaculty of Arts and ScienceEsenler34210IstanbulTurkey Science and Math Program Asian University for WomenChattogramBangladesh Mechanical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

A fifth-order family of an iterative method for solving systems of nonlinear equations and highly nonlinear boundary value problems has been developed in this *** analysis demonstrates that the local order of convergence of the numerical method is *** computer algebra system CAS-Maple,Mathematica,or MATLAB was the primary tool for dealing with difficult problems since it allows for the handling and manipulation of complex mathematical equations and other mathematical *** numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the properties of the proposed rapidly convergent algorithms.A dynamic evaluation of the presented methods is also presented utilizing basins of attraction to analyze their convergence *** from visualizing iterative processes,this methodology provides useful information on iterations,such as the number of diverging-converging points and the average number of iterations as a function of initial *** numerous highly nonlinear boundary value problems and large nonlinear systems of equations of higher dimensions demonstrate the performance,efficiency,precision,and applicability of a newly presented technique.

关键词： Nonlinear equations convergence order boundary value problem computational time basins of attraction converging points

Tensile strength and failure behavior of rock-mortar interfaces: Direct and indirect measurements

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 41-55页

作者： Ghasem shams Patrice Rivard Omid Moradian Civil Engineering and Building Engineering Department Universitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada Department of Earth Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)ZurichSwitzerland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA

The tensile strength at the rock-concrete interface is one of the crucial factors controlling the failure mechanisms of structures,such as concrete gravity *** the critical importance of the failure mechanism and tensile strength of rock-concrete interfaces,understanding of these factors remains very *** study investigated the tensile strength and fracturing processes at rock-mortar interfaces subjected to direct and indirect tensile *** image correlation(DIC)and acoustic emission(AE)techniques were used to monitor the failure mechanisms of specimens subjected to direct tension and indirect loading(Brazilian tests).The results indicated that the direct tensile strength of the rock-mortar specimens was lower than their indirect tensile strength,with a direct/indirect tensile strength ratio of 65%.DIC strain field data and moment tensor inversions(MTI)of AE events indicated that a significant number of shear microcracks occurred in the specimens subjected to the Brazilian *** presence of these shear microcracks,which require more energy to break,resulted in a higher tensile strength during the Brazilian *** contrast,microcracks were predominantly tensile in specimens subjected to direct tension,leading to a lower tensile *** monitoring of the cracking processes in the rock-mortar interfaces revealed that they show AE precursors before failure under the Brazilian test,whereas they show a minimal number of AE events before failure under direct *** to different microcracking mechanisms,specimens tested under Brazilian tests showed lower roughness with flatter fracture surfaces than those tested under direct tension with jagged and rough fracture *** results of this study shed light on better understanding the micromechanics of damage in the rock-concrete interfaces for a safer design of engineering structures.

关键词： Rock-mortar Rock-concrete Moment tensor inversion(MTI) Acoustic emission(AE) Digital image correlation(DIC) Tensile strength Direct tensile test Brazilian test

Techno-economic optimization of a sustainable system to cogenerate power and water for remote areas

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Clean Energy 2023年第3期7卷 602-619页

作者： Sina Akhavan shams Rouhollah Ahmadi School of New Technologies Iran University of Science&TechnologyTehranIran

In this study,a new water and power cogeneration plant,employing photovoltaic(PV)and photovoltaic-thermal(PVT)panels simultaneously,is designed and optimized for a village struggling to provide energy and potable water in *** system includes a solar energy unit to generate clean electricity and heat,and a reverse osmosis unit to produce drinking ***-economic optimization is performed by implementing a genetic algorithm,and a comprehensive water and energy management strategy is designed and presented in detail,expandable for future works.A new method,the logarithmic model,is used to calculate the depth of discharge(DOD)of lithium-ion batteries,which was previously a fixed and predetermined value in previous *** indices,the constraints of the optimization process,are also introduced to measure the reliabilities of different *** effects of the system components on total cost are investigated and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is performed to find the best solution to increase the penetration of renewable-energy *** results reveal that considering the depth of discharge of batteries and water storage tank capacity as decision variables reduces the system’s life-cycle cost(by 5.1%for changeable DODs).Furthermore,the simultaneous use of PV and PVT panels decreases the life-cycle cost considerably by≤19%compared with the use of only PVT ***,the cost of the battery causes a decrease in the cost of electricity storage and the cost of producing and storing fresh water.

关键词： renewable hybrid system integrated water and power system PV-PVT-RO-battery system genetic algorithm optimization

Anti-cancer mechanisms of action of therapeutic alternating electric fields(tumor treating fields[TTFields])

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第8期14卷 1-16页

作者： Shadi shams Chirag B.Patel Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine StratfordNJ 08028USA Department of Neuro-Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Neuroscience Graduate Program The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesHoustonTX 77030USA Cancer Biology Program The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesHoustonTX 77030USA

Despite improved survival outcomes across many cancer types,the prognosis remains grim for certain solid organ cancers including glioblastoma and pancreatic *** in these cancers,the control achieved by time-limited interventions such as traditional surgical resection,radiation therapy,and chemotherapy is short-lived.A new form of anti-cancer therapy called therapeutic alternating electric fields(AEFs)or tumor treating fields(TTFields)has been shown,either by itself or in combination with chemotherapy,to have anti-cancer effects that translate to improved survival outcomes in *** the pre-clinical and clinical data are promising,the mechanisms of TTFields are not fully *** investigations are underway to better understand how and why TTFields is able to selectively kill cancer cells and impede their *** purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the reported mechanisms of action of TTFields from pre-clinical studies(both in vitro and in vivo).An improved understanding of how TTFields works will guide strategies focused on the timing and combination of TTFields with other therapies,to further improve survival outcomes in patients with solid organ cancers.

关键词： alternating electric fields(AEFs) cancer mechanism of action pre-clinical tumor treating fields(TTFields)