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ACCURATE ATTENUATION CORRECTION FOR ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE IN SPECT

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2010年第3期28卷 401-417页

作者： elie Nasr IMB Institute of Mathematics of Bordeaux

We present a new iterative reconstruction algorithm to improve the algebraic reconstruction technique （ART） for the Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. Our method is a generalization of the Kaczmarz iterative algorithm for solving linear systems of equations and introduces exact and implicit attenuation correction derived from the attenuated Radon transform operator at each step of the algorithm. The performances of the presented algorithm have been tested upon various numerical experiments in presence of both strongly non-uniform attenuation and incomplete measurements data. We also tested the ability of our algorithm to handle moderate noisy data. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method has a significant improvement in the quality of reconstructed images over ART. Moreover, convergence speed was improved and stability was established, facing noisy data, once we incorporate filtration procedure in our algorithm.

关键词： Single-photon emission computed tomography Attenuated radon transform,Algebraic reconstruction technique Attenuation correction.

Recent advances toward high voltage, EC-free electrolytes for graphite-based Li-ion battery

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 577-591页

作者： Tong Zhang elie Paillard Helmholtz Institute Muenster- Forschungszentrum Juelich (IEK 12) Corrensstr. 46 48149 Muenster Germany

Lithium-ion batteries are a key technology in today＇s world and improving their performances requires, in many cases, the use of cathodes operating above the anodic stability of state-of-the-art electrolytes based on ethylene carbonate （EC） mixtures. EC, however, is a crucial component of electrolytes, due to its excellent ability to allow graphite anode operation-also required for high energy density batteries-by stabilizing the electrode/ electrolyte interface. In the last years, many alternative electrolytes, aiming at allowing high voltage battery operation, have been proposed. However, often, graphite electrode operation is not well demonstrated in these electrolytes. Thus, we review here the high voltage, EC- free alternative electrolytes, focusing on those allowing the steady operation of graphite anodes. This review covers electrolyte compositions, with the widespread use of additives, the change in main lithium salt, the effect of anion （or Li salt） concentration, but also reports on graphite protection strategies, by coatings or artificial solid electrolyte interphase （SEI） or by use of water-soluble binder for electrode processing as these can also enable the use of graphite in electrolytes with suboptimal intrinsic SEI formation ability.

关键词： lithium-ion electrolyte solid electrolyte interphase additives high voltage graphite

Differential effects of glutamate receptor antagonists on dorsal horn neurons responding to colorectal distension in a neonatal colon irritation rat model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第41期11卷 6495-6502页

作者： Chun Lin elie D Al-Chaer Laboratory of elie D Al-Chaer(ACELAB) Center for Pain Research (CPR) University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77555-0632 United States Center for Neubiological Research Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350004 Fujian Province China

AIM: To investigate and compare the effects of spinal D-(-)-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP-7) and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione disodium (CNQX),two glutamate receptor antagonists, on the responses of dorsal horn neurons to colorectal distension (CRD) in adult rats exposed to neonatal colon irritation (CI).METHODS: Hypersensitive SD rats were generated by CI during postnatal days 8, 10 and 12. Experiments on adult rats were performed using extracellular single-unit recording. The effects of spinal application of AP-7 (0.001,0.01, 0.1, 1 mmoL) were tested on the CRD-evoked neuronal responses in 16 controls and 17 CI rats. The effects of CNQX (0.2, 2, 5, 10 μmoL) were also tested on the CRD-evoked responses of 17 controls and 18 CI ***: (1) The average responses of lumbosacral neurons to all intensities of CRD in CI rats were significantly higher than those in control rats; (2) In control rats, AP-7 (0.01 mmoL) had no significant effect on the neuronal response to all intensities of CRD (20,40, 60, 80 mmHg); while AP-7 (0.1 mmoL) inhibited the neuronal response to 80-mmHg CRD. By contrast, in CI rats, AP-7 (0.01-1 mmoL) attenuated the CRD-evoked neuronal responses to all distention pressures in a dosedependent manner; (3) In control rats, CNQX (2 μmoL)had no significantly effect on the neuronal response to all intensities of CRD; however, CNQX (5 μmoL) significantly attenuated the responses to CRD in the 40-80 mmHg range. By contrast, CNQX (2-10 μmoL)significantly decreased the neuronal responses in CI rats to non-noxious and noxious CRD in a dose-dependent ***: Our results suggest that spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors may contribute to the processing of central sensitivity in a neonatal CI rat model, but they may play different roles in it.

关键词： Chronic visceral hypersensitivity Dorsal horn neurons Irritable bowel syndrome NMDA receptors Non-NMDA receptors

Cognitive work analysis to comprehend operations and organizations in the mining industry

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第4期27卷 605-609页

作者： Serenay Demir elie Abou-Jaoude Mustafa Kumral Department of Mining and Materials Engineering McGill University Montreal H3A 0E8 Canada

Complex industrial systems, including mining, have a prominent challenge in understanding the interrelationship among the cognitive processes, working environment and available equipment. The concept of cognitive work analysis(CWA) transcends the traditional analytic methods of evaluating human tasks solely based on perceptual and physical traits, and rather implements the notions of behavioral and cognitive awareness indispensable for the intricacy of modern technology. In the last few decades, academic and industrial settings employ this type of analysis to set a suitable standard for a system's safety feasibility, and as a result reduce human-based errors. This research paper analyzes current CWA methods and proposes a five-level quantification model portraying the overall cognitive quality of a mining operation.

关键词： Cognitive work analysis Mining operations Cognitive awareness Work domain Human behavior Safety

An infinite-dimensional representation of the Ray-Knight theorems

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第1期67卷 149-162页

作者： elie Aidékon Yueyun Hu Zhan Shi School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China LAGA UniversitéSorbonne Paris NordVilletaneuse 93430France Institute of Applied Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The classical Ray-Knight theorems for the Brownian motion determine the law of its local time process either at the first hitting time of a given value a by the local time at the origin,or at the first hitting time of a given position b by the Brownian *** extend these results by describing the local time process jointly for all a and b,by means of the stochastic integral with respect to an appropriate white *** result applies toμ-processes,and has an immediate application:aμ-process is the height process of a Feller continuous-state branching process(CSBP)with immigration(Lambert(2002)),whereas a Feller CSBP with immigration satisfies a stochastic differential equation(SDE)driven by a white noise(Dawson and Li(2012));our result gives an explicit relation between these two descriptions and shows that the SDE in question is a reformulation of Tanaka’s formula.

关键词： Ray-Knight theorem μ-process white noise Tanaka's formula

New trends in colorectal surgery: Single port and natural orifice techniques

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第48期20卷 18104-18120页

作者： Ronald Daher elie Chouillard Yves Panis Department of General and Digestive Surgery Poissy/Saint-Germain Medical Center 78300Poissy France Department of Colorectal Surgery Beaujon Hospital Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris University Denis Diderot (Paris VII) 75013 Clichy France

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) have rapidly gained pace worldwide, potentially replacing conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) as the preferred colorectal surgery technique. Currently available data mainly consist of retrospective series analyzed in four meta-analyses. Despite conflicting results and lack of an objective comparison, SILS appears to offer cosmetic advantages over CLS. However, due to conflicting results and marked heterogeneity, present data fail to show significant differences in terms of operative time, postoperative morbidity profiles, port-site complications rates, oncological appropriateness, duration of hospitalization or cost when comparing SILS with conventional laparoscopy for colorectal procedures. The application of “pure” NOTES in humans remains limited to case reports because of unresolved issues concerning the ideal access site, distant organ reach, spatial orientation and viscera closure. Alternatively, minilaparoscopy-assisted natural orifice surgery techniques are being developed. The transanal “down-to-up” total mesorectum excision has been derived for transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) and represents the most encouraging NOTES-derived technique. Preliminary experiences demonstrate good oncological and functional short-term outcomes. Large-scale randomized controlled trials are now mandatory to confirm the long-term SILS results and validate transanal TEM for the application of NOTES in humans.

关键词： Surgery Colon Rectum Cancer Laparoscopy Single-port Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery

Residence time distribution of wood chips in a semi-industrial multiple hearth furnace using RFID tracers Author links open overlay panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 268-279页

作者： elie Lacombe Muriel Marchand Capucine Dupont Denis Maréchal Thierry Melkior Univ Grenoble Alpes CEALITENDTCHLaboratoire Réacteurs et ProcédésF-38000GrenobleFrance IHE Delft Department of Water Supply Sanitation and Environmental EngineeringDelftthe Netherlands John Cockerill SeraingBelgium

In continuous biomass torrefaction plants,the products'yields,composition and homogeneity highly depend on the residence time of particles.A characterization of particle residence time distribution(RTD)was therefore carried out in an industrial-scale multiple hearth furnace on poplar wood chips using radio frequency identification *** effects of operating conditions,namely,mass flow rate of biomass,shaft speed of the rabbling system and interdental length on the RTD were *** increase of shaft speed and mass flow rate reduces particles’mean residence *** the length between two successive teeth also increases the bed *** biomass accumulation(also called“bulldozing”)was observed during several *** phenomenon is favored by a high mass flow rate of resources,a small interdental length between the teeth and a low shaft *** measurements were compared to the axial dispersion *** all tests,the Peclet number is ranging between 20 and 62,indicating that the multiple hearth furnace cannot be modelled as an ideal plug flow reactor.

关键词： Biomass Multiple hearth furnace Residence time distribution RFID

Positive pancreatic neck margins-a telltale sign of complex biology

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第2期11卷 302-304页

作者： elie Ghabi Jin He Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMDUSA

Opinions remain divided on the definition,status and prognostic role of a positive pancreatic resection *** absence of a consensus definition for an R1 resection and the lack of a standard method to assess pancreatic resection specimens contribute to the ongoing *** are some of the variables to consider when reviewing the literature on the role of resection margin status;a topic further complicated by the shifting landscape of pancreatic cancer management and the innate differences in institutional practices.

关键词： shifting landscape absence

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare:Review and Prediction Case Studies

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Engineering 2020年第3期6卷 291-301页

作者： Guoguang Rong Arnaldo Mendez elie Bou Assi Bo Zhao Mohamad Sawan School of Engineering Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Institute of Advanced Study Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024China Polystim Neurotech Laboratory Polytechnique MontréalMontréalQC H3T1J4Canada Institute of VLSI Design College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Artificial intelligence(AI)has been developing rapidly in recent years in terms of software algorithms,hardware implementation,and applications in a vast number of *** this review,we summarize the latest developments of applications of AI in biomedicine,including disease diagnostics,living assistance,biomedical information processing,and biomedical *** aim of this review is to keep track of new scientific accomplishments,to understand the availability of technologies,to appreciate the tremendous potential of AI in biomedicine,and to provide researchers in related fields with *** can be asserted that,just like AI itself,the application of AI in biomedicine is still in its early *** progress and breakthroughs will continue to push the frontier and widen the scope of AI application,and fast developments are envisioned in the near *** case studies are provided to illustrate the prediction of epileptic seizure occurrences and the filling of a dysfunctional urinary bladder.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Deep learning Neural network Biomedical research Healthcare applications Epileptic seizure Urinary bladder filling