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Pediatric Colonoscopy:Clinical Presentation and Colonoscopy Findings

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Pediatric Colonoscopy:Clinical Presentation and Colonoscopy ...

作者： SHRISTI shakya 重庆医科大学

学位级别：硕士

Objective In pediatric, colonoscopy examination has become a common procedure for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. However, there are limited data on pediatric. This study aimed to determine demographic characteristic, clinical presentation, colonoscopy findings, and to encourage routinely report assessment of bowel preparation quality(BPQ) using Boston Bowel Preparation Scale(BBPS).Methods This five years descriptive retrospective study, conducted at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. All patient(≤18 years of age) who had colonoscopy from July 2010 to December 2014 was included. Patient was categorised as 6years and the findings was reported separately in each group. Data on age, sex, clinical presentation and colonoscopy findings was collected and analysed. All the patient bowel preparation method was followed as per hospital protocol and the BPQ assessed using *** Overall, our series included a total of 902 pediatric patients with a mean age of 5.2±4.0 years(range:0-17.5years). There was 597(66.1%) boys and 205(33.8%) girls with ratio 2:1. Among these, the distribution by age groups was 198(21.9%) patients in 6years *** most common presenting symptoms was hematochezia in 565(62.6%) patients, diarrhea in 206(22.8%) patients, and abdominal pain in 172(18.8%) patients. Other presenting symptoms was fever in 77(8.5%) patients, pallor in 25(2.7%) patients, melena in 15(1.6%) patients, prolapse of polyp in 9(0.9%) patients, oral pigmentation in 7(0.7%) patients, no weight gain in 2(0.2%) patients and others in 21(2.4%) *** 652(72.2%) patients had positive findings with the main findings being Polyp(s) in 302(33.4%) patients, Unspecific Colitis in 131(14.5%) patients and Food Induced Proctocolitis(FPIPC) in 108(11.9%) patients. This was followed by haemorrhoid in

关键词： Colonoscopy Children Food Protein Induced Proctocolitis Polyp Inflammatory Bowel Disease Bowel Preparation One Day Preparation Pediatric PEG-3350 Lactobacillus GG Helicobacter pylori Side Effects Eradication Rate Meta-Analysis

应用计算机辅助技术设计后踝解剖锁定钢板的研究

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应用计算机辅助技术设计后踝解剖锁定钢板的研究

作者： Ujohn shakya 昆明医科大学

学位级别：硕士

利用踝关节的CT三维重建数据结合计算机辅助技术软件设计后踝解剖锁定钢板。方法利用Mimics 10.01软件对20例正常踝关节CT扫描并统计数据进行三维重建,测定预设计后踝解剖锁定钢板的后内侧、后外侧内翻角度、扭曲高度、植入螺钉安全区... 详细信息

利用踝关节的CT三维重建数据结合计算机辅助技术软件设计后踝解剖锁定钢板。方法利用Mimics 10.01软件对20例正常踝关节CT扫描并统计数据进行三维重建,测定预设计后踝解剖锁定钢板的后内侧、后外侧内翻角度、扭曲高度、植入螺钉安全区高度、后踝后唇宽度等解剖学指标数据。并采用Ungraphics NX5.0软件进行后踝解剖锁定钢板的设计。应用3D打印技术等比例(1 : 1)制作后踝解剖锁定钢板模板,将钢板模型于15例成人新鲜尸体后踝部(去除后踝部全部软组织,完全暴露后踝骨质结构)进行钢板模型验证。结果通过测量显示后踝内、外侧内翻角度由后踝中轴线向内、外侧渐渐增大,而扭曲高度由外向内降低、后踝宽度由上到下渐渐增宽,植入螺钉安全区与高度为正比。根据测量数据,完成钢板的设计,并制作出钢板模型,将3D打印出的钢板模型于15例成人新鲜尸体后踝部(去除后踝部全部软组织,完全暴露后踝骨质结构),发现钢板于后踝匹配度合适、安放位置与角度理想,符合后踝解剖锁定钢板的设计要求。结论应用踝关节的CT三维重建数据结合计算机辅助技术软件进行对后踝解剖锁定钢板的设计,为计算机辅助技术对内固定器械的设计提供了一定有价值的参考思路与方法。

关键词：踝关节计算机辅助技术 3D打印技术骨板骨折内固定

New-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

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New-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy: A Syst...

作者： SUMISTI shakya 重庆医科大学

学位级别：硕士

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus（SLE） is a chronic, multi-organ autoimmune disease that occurs predominantly among reproductive age women. When SLE is newly diagnosed during pregnancy or puerperium, it is known as new-onset SLE during pregnancy. The diagnosis of new-onset SLE tends to be delayed or missed diagnosed due to similar clinical feature presentation with normal physiological changes and common pathological disease（preeclampsia） encountered during pregnancy. Furthermore, new-onset SLE during pregnancy has major organ involvement with poor maternal and fetal outcomes. In addition, certain lupus medications are potentially teratogenic and are contraindicated during *** objective of this systematic review is to investigate the clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment, complications and outcomes of new-onset SLE during *** methodsSystematic reviewThe MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pub Med, SCOPUS data bases related to new-onset SLE were searched up to February *** review comprises of results of 21 studies;16 were case reports published between year 1994-2016 and remaining being retrospective study published between year 2005-2015. A total of 149 patients with new-onset SLE during pregnancy were identified and studied their course of disease. The mean maternal age of diagnosis of SLE was in their mid 20’s. The new-onset SLE generally have more severe disease with higher prevalence of renal and hematological involvement, which might have significant impact on health of mother and fetus. The most common maternal complication was preeclampsia. When lupus was missed diagnose with preeclampsia especially during third trimester it tended to delay diagnosis for 5 days to more than 12 months after delivery. Despite vigorous treatment with glucocorticoids and/or immunosupprestant, the outcome is poor with fetal loss, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, maternal death and severe organ *** and awarenes

关键词：系统性红斑狼疮怀孕时期并发症

Trend of Leprosy Epidemiology and Its Comparision in Two Highly Endemic Regions Wenshan,China and Nepal

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Trend of Leprosy Epidemiology and Its Comparision in Two Hig...

作者： Sunaula shakya 昆明医科大学

学位级别：硕士

Objectives:Leprosy is a chronic bacterial disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae bacillus affecting the peripheral nerves,skin and other organs in *** higher prevalence of leprosy in certain regions of China even at present has been reviewed many times in the *** the leprosy trend in such areas is an initial and crucial step towards the control of the ***,our study presents a detailed work on the epidemiological trends of leprosy in one of those provinces,Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture,which is still known to be leprosy endemic region in *** highlighting the situation of this disease in Wenshan,we also try to compare the features of possible causes and risk factors of the disease in Wenshan and Nepal as both places have lots of similarities regarding leprosy *** and Methods:For Wenshan,the patients record was collected from 1986 to 2015,from Dermopathic Research Institute of Wenshan Zhou,The Skin Disease Prevention and Treatment of Wenshan *** was total 3376 number of leprosy cases in Wenshan whose data was *** Nepal,the data was obtained from Leprosy Control Division,Department of Health Services,Government of Nepal,from the year 2011 to *** also used the data from previous WHO records and studied them in an appropriate *** then performed a descriptive and statistical analysis to make our study more purposeful and ***:A total number of 3376 cases were detected in the Wenshan prefecture from 1986 to *** overall prevalence rate of leprosy in the Wenshan prefecture presents a decreasing trend between 1986-2015,with apeak（4.9/10,000 population）in *** detection of leprosy in new cases was highest in males than in *** deformity has increased every year since 2005 with disability of 34.8%in 2015 among new *** Nepal,there was total 2461 number of leprosy patients receiving MDT in 2015 which corresponds to the PR of 0.89/10,000 *** new case det

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与HERV-K相关的一种未知功能的mRNA在头颈部肿瘤组织中表达增加

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与HERV-K相关的一种未知功能的mRNA在头颈部肿瘤组织中表达增加

作者： Jyotsna shakya 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

研究背景人类内源性逆转录病毒序列(HERV)源于数百万年前逆转录病毒通过感染生殖细胞整合到人类基因组而被遗传下来，存在于人类基因组中。HERV在人类细胞中通过反转录，插入突变以及癌基因激活等各种方式发挥各种功能作用。在人类基... 详细信息

研究背景人类内源性逆转录病毒序列(HERV)源于数百万年前逆转录病毒通过感染生殖细胞整合到人类基因组而被遗传下来，存在于人类基因组中。HERV在人类细胞中通过反转录，插入突变以及癌基因激活等各种方式发挥各种功能作用。在人类基因调控中发挥重要作用的启动子和增强子大多都存在于HERV(LTR的区域)的长末端区域。所有HERV亚家族中，HERVK被发现是最有致病潜力的，HERVK具有活跃的ENV和Gag蛋白的开放阅读框(ORF)。Rec和Np9是两个重要的癌基因蛋白，他们是HERV-Kenv基因mRNA的拼接产物，在黑色素瘤，乳腺癌和其他癌症组织，特别是在生殖细胞肿瘤如畸胎瘤中被检测到。材料和方法培养Hep2(Human laryngeal carcinoma),Hek293(Human Embryonic Kidney), NB4(Human Acute Promyelocytic leukemia) and K562(Human Chronic MyelogenousLeukemia)几种不同的细胞系，采集临床手术中切除的头颈部肿瘤和非肿瘤患者的组织样本。首先应用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR法)进行了半定量分析，然后应用SYBR Green实时定量PCR的方法检测分析。共71个组织样本用于RNA提取之后，用DNAase消化可能污染的基因组DNA，采用QuantiTect Reverse transcription Kitfrom Qiagen进行逆转录反应合成cDNA中还包含一步去除基因组DNA,以保障RT-PCR方法进行检测得到的扩增产物来源于mRNA。用Rec引物扩增得到的大约300bp的PCR产物进行了TA克隆和测序。用NCBI的BLAST比对程序和开放阅读框搜索软件进行序列分析，并通过信号4.0服务器以鉴定在开放阅读框的氨基酸序列中是否存在信号肽序列。结果与分析本研究中，我们首先选择喉癌细胞株Hep2和人胚胎肾细胞株Hek293细胞及部分头颈部肿瘤和非肿瘤组织，应用Büscher等研究黑色素瘤时曾经用过的引物检测HERV K rec的基因表达。此对上游引物和下游引物分别位于剪接供体之前和剪接受体之后。研究发现HERV K env两次剪接的产物(大约600bp含rec序列)和单一次剪接产物(大约300bp)在Hep2中均能检测到;而在Hek293细胞中只检测得到两次剪接的产物，检测不到单一次剪接产物;在部分头颈部肿瘤和非肿瘤组织中HERVK env两次剪接的产物非常少或检测不到，而单一次剪接的产物(不含rec基因序列)在大约50%的头颈肿瘤组织中被检测到。目前，HERV K env单一次剪接产物全长大约为1.5kb mRNA的功能尚不清楚。本实验中单一次剪接产物(大约300bp)通过TA克隆进行了测序得到338bp长度的序列。应用NCBI的BLAST比对分析揭示此单一次剪接产物338bp mRNA，与HERV-K的LTR序列部分高度同源，分别与畸胎瘤和胚胎干细胞来源的未知功能基因序列部分高度同源;338bp mRNA序列中一个短的含54个氨基酸的开放阅读框被发现，其中还发现了信号肽的存在。由于考虑到我们所用的下游引物与Genbank报道的HERV-K相应序列存在多个碱基序列的不同，可能影响了实际上该序列在头颈部肿瘤组织的表达，我们在338bp的基础上又设计了新的引物，称为P2引物。利用P2引物对头颈部肿瘤组织和非肿瘤组织cDNA做实时定量PCR分析，扩增产物为315bp。结果显示肿瘤组织的阳性表达率(0%)，而在非肿瘤组织的阳性表达率较低(7%)，二者差异显著;肿瘤组织的阳性表达量高于非肿瘤组织的阳性表达量，但无统计学意义;而利用P2引物在4种细胞系中均得到阳性扩增。结论与HERV-K相关的一种未知功能的mRNA在头颈部肿瘤组织的阳性表达率明显高于非肿瘤组织，此结果表明与HERV-K相关的这种mRNA可能在头颈部肿瘤的发生发展中具有重要的作用;此HERV-K相关的mRNA分别与畸胎瘤和胚胎干细胞来源的未知功能基因部分序列高度同源，这说明此序列在细胞增殖和或细胞分化中也具有重要功能。而且,开放阅读框的存在及其中含有信号肽序列的发现提示此HERV-K相关的mRNA可以翻译成特异的蛋白质，调节细胞繁殖或分化，或者其相应的DNA序列可以作为反转录转座子作用于其它特异基因调节细胞的增殖或参与肿瘤的发生发展。但目前缺乏适当的证据和深入的研究，此与HERV-K相关的未知mRNA的功能尚不清楚。因此，应该进行进一步详尽的实验研究以期发现它的特殊功能和在人类基因组中存在的意义。

关键词：人类内源性逆转录病毒序列(HERV) 长末端重复序列(LTR) HERVK-Rec蛋白反转录转座子序列分析

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种植盾构术的研究进展

国际口腔医学杂志 2020年第1期47卷 109-114页

作者： Supriya shakya 张鑫王剑口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心四川大学华西口腔医院修复科

上前牙美学区在拔牙或即刻种植后,唇侧骨板因拔牙创伤或者血运降低,常发生唇侧牙槽骨的吸收塌陷,从而极大的影响前牙区的美学效果,甚至造成种植体的失败。为了避免唇侧软硬组织的吸收,获得更好的美学效果,近年来有学者提出了"盾构术"的... 详细信息

上前牙美学区在拔牙或即刻种植后,唇侧骨板因拔牙创伤或者血运降低,常发生唇侧牙槽骨的吸收塌陷,从而极大的影响前牙区的美学效果,甚至造成种植体的失败。为了避免唇侧软硬组织的吸收,获得更好的美学效果,近年来有学者提出了"盾构术"的概念,即在即刻种植手术中通过保留唇侧健康牙根片来保留牙周膜,从而避免唇侧骨板因为血运的减少而发生吸收。本文回顾了盾构术的相关文章,能帮助口腔临床医生更加全面的理解该技术。

关键词：盾构术硬组织保存软组织保存

Optimization of taste-masking on ibuprofen microspheres with selected structure features

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019年第2期14卷 174-182页

作者： Wei Qin Yuanzhi He Zhen Guo Liu Zhang Li Wu Xianzhen Yin Shailendra shakya Abi Maharjan Yan Tang Weifeng Zhu Jiwen Zhang Ministry of Education Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The microsphere was a primary particulate system for taste-masking with unique structural features defined by production process. In this article, ibuprofen lipid microspheres of octadecanol and glycerin monostearate were prepared to mask the undesirable taste of ibuprofen via three kinds of spray congealing processes, namely, air-cooling, water-cooling and citric acid solution-cooling. The stereoscopic and internal structures of ibuprofen microspheres were quantitatively analyzed by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography(SR-μCT) to establish the relationship between the preparation process and microsphere architectures. It was found that the microstructure and morphology of the microspheres were significantly influenced by preparation processes as the primary factors to determine the release profiles and taste-masking effects. The sphericity of ibuprofen microspheres congealed in citric acid solution was higher than that of other two and its morphology was more regular than that being congealed in air or distilled water, and the contact angles between congealing media and melted ibuprofen in octadecanol and glycerin monostearate well demonstrated the structure differences among microspheres of three processes which controlled the release characteristics of the microspheres. The structure parameters like porosity, sphericity, and radius ratio from quantitative analysis were correlated well with drug release behaviors. The results demonstrated that the exterior morphology and internal structure of microspheres had considerable influences on the drug release behaviors as well as taste-masking effects.

关键词： Ibuprofen microsphere Spray congealing Internal structure Synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography

Holistic Psychopharmacology of Fumaria indica(Fumitory)

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Chinese Medicine 2012年第4期3卷 182-199页

作者： Anshul shakya Shyam Sunder Chatterjee Vikas Kumar Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology(Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia Stettiner Straвe 1 KarlsruheGermany

Fumaria indica is a medicinal plant of the fumitory family wildly growing throughout India. Classical texts of Ayurveda, i.e. the oldest traditionally known health care and medical system originating in Indian subcontinent, mentions diverse medicinal uses of the plant. During more recent decades broad spectrums of therapeutically interesting pharmacological properties of its extracts and secondary metabolites have also been reported. Recent observations made during efforts to define its pharmacological activity profile according to the Ayurvedic concepts of mind body medicine have revealed exceptionally broad spectrums of psychopharmacological activity profiles of diverse types of hydro alcoholic extracts of the plant. These effects of the extracts become apparent after their repeated daily doses only. Taken together with prior preclinical knowledge on the plant, these observations strongly suggest that Fumaria indica could be an easily available source for discovering and developing phyto-pharmaceuticals or drugs potentially useful for treatments of mental health problems commonly associated with numerous physical disorders and chronic diseases. Since several psychoactive and other phytochemical of Fumaria indica are also encountered in other plants commonly used in Chinese and other traditionally known medical systems, observations made and the holistic strategy used for defining its psychopharmacological activity profile could be of interest of others involved in efforts necessary for proper understanding of therapeutic potentials of many plants containing Fumaria alkaloids and other bioactive phytochemicals present in Fumaria indica.

关键词： Fumaria indica Fumitory Alkaloids Ayurveda Holistic Psychopharmacology Comorbid Psychopathologies Therapeutic Potential

100kV管电压在256层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影中的应用

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100kV管电压在256层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影中的应用

作者： shakya Rukesh Man 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

目的在回顾性心电门控冠状动脉CTA检查中，比较100kV管电压、1000mAs管电流扫描模式与120kV管电压、800mAs管电流扫描模式下的图像质量与辐射剂量的关系。材料和方法 70例体重指数正常患者被随机分为两组，每组患者35例。第一组患者（... 详细信息

目的在回顾性心电门控冠状动脉CTA检查中，比较100kV管电压、1000mAs管电流扫描模式与120kV管电压、800mAs管电流扫描模式下的图像质量与辐射剂量的关系。材料和方法 70例体重指数正常患者被随机分为两组，每组患者35例。第一组患者（男18例，女17例;平均年龄56.94±11.51岁）行回顾性心电门控冠状动脉CTA检查，采用100kV管电压、1000mAs管电流扫描模式。第二组患者（男21例，女14例;平均年龄54.03±9.81岁）行回顾性心电门控冠状动脉CTA检查，采用120kV管电压、800mAs管电流扫描模式。扫描完成后，两名放射医师独立对冠状动脉的图像质量进行主观评价和客观评价。主观评价采用5分法。客观评价通过信号噪声比、对比度噪声比进行分析。辐射剂量通过CT剂量容积指数（CTDIvol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）、有效剂量（ED）进行评价，转换系数为k=0.014mSv mGy-1cm-1。结果 100kV管电压、1000mAs管电流扫描模式的下图像质量的客观评价优于较120kV管电压、800mAs管电流扫描模式(mean SNR,36.65±2.95vs.33.47±3.86, P <0.0001;mean CNR,34.27±2.92vs.30.62±3.90, P <0.0001)，主观评价无显著性差异(图像噪声4.54±0.37vs.4.56±0.25P=0.781)。与120kV管电压、800mAs管电流扫描模式相比较，100kV管电压、1000mAs管电流扫描模式的辐射剂量降低28%。结论回顾性心电门控冠状动脉CTA检查中，100kV管电压、1000mAs管电流扫描模式在图像质量没有统计学差异的情况下显著的降低了射线剂量。

关键词：冠状动脉CTA 辐射剂量图像质量