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Solving the Generalized Traveling Salesm.n Problem.Using Sequential Constructive Crossover Operator in Genetic Algorithm

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Com.uter System. Science & Engineering 2024年第5期48卷 1113-1131页

作者： Zakir hussain Ahm.d m.ha Ata Al-Furhood Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar shakir Khan Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics College of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Com.uter Science College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakakah42421Saudi Arabia Inform.tion System. Departm.nt Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia College of Com.uter and Inform.tion Sciences Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia

The generalized travelling salesm.n problem.GTSP),a generalization of the well-known travelling salesm.n problem.TSP),is considered for our *** the GTSP is NP-hard and very com.lex,finding exact solutions is highly expensive,we will develop genetic algorithm.(GAs)to obtain heuristic solutions to the *** GAs,as the crossover is a very im.ortant process,the crossoverm.thods proposed for the traditional TSP could be adapted for the *** sequential constructive crossover(SCX)and three other operators are adapted to use in GAs to solve the *** effectiveness of GA using SCX is verified on som. GTSP Library(GTSPLIB)instances first and then com.ared against GAs using the other crossover *** com.utational results show the success of the GA using SCX for this *** proposed GA using SCX,and swap m.tation could find average solutions whose average percentage of excesses from.he best-known solutions is between 0.00 and 14.07 for our investigated instances.

关键词： Generalized travelling salesm.n problem NP-hard genetic algorithm. sequential constructive crossover swap m.tation

Assessm.nt of spongy m.th infestation im.acts on forest productivity and carbon loss using the Sentinel-2 satellite rem.te sensing and eddy covariance flux data

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 231-245页

作者： Nur hussain Alem. Gonsam. Shusen Wang m.Altaf Arain School of Earth Environment and Society and McMaster Centre for Climate Change Mc Master University Canada Centre for Rem.te Sensing Natural Resources Canada

Background Deciduous forests in eastern North Am.rica experienced a widespread and intense spongy m.th（Lym.ntria dispar） infestation in 2021. This study quantified the im.act of this spongy m.th infestation on carbon（C） cycle in forests across the Great Lakes region in Canada, utilizing high-resolution（10 × 10 m.） Sentinel-2 satellite rem.te sensing im.ges and eddy covariance（EC） flux data. Study results showed a significant reduction in leaf area index（LAI） and gross prim.ry productivity（GPP） values in deciduous and m.xed forests in the region in *** Rem.te sensing derived, growing season m.an LAI values of deciduous（m.xed） forests were 3.66（3.18）, 2.74（2.64）, and 3.53（2.94） m.m.2in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, indicating about 24（14）% reduction in LAI, as com.ared to pre-and post-infestation years. Sim.larly, growing season GPP values in deciduous（m.xed） forests were 1338（1208）, 868（932）, and 1367（1175） g C m.2, respectively in 2020, 2021 and 2022, showing about 35（22）% reduction in GPP in 2021 as com.ared to pre-and post-infestation years. This infestation induced reduction in GPP of deciduous and m.xed forests, when upscaled to whole study area（178,000 km.）, resulted in 21.1（21.4） m. of C loss as com.ared to 2020（2022）, respectively. It shows the large scale of C losses caused by this infestation in Canadian Great Lakes *** The m.thods developed in this study offer valuable tools to assess and quantify natural disturbance im.acts on the regional C balance of forest ecosystem. by integrating field observations, high-resolution rem.te sensing data and m.dels. Study results will also help in developing sustainable forest m.nagem.nt practices to achieve net-zero C em.ssion goals through nature-based clim.te change solutions.

关键词： Spongy m.th Infestation Carbon Gross ecosystem.productivity Leaf area index Tem.erate forest Rem.te sensing Sentinel-2 Eddy covariance

Natural Convection and Irreversibility of Nanofluid Due to Inclined m.gnetohydrodynam.cs(m.D)Filled in a Cavity with Y-Shape Heated Fin:FEm.Com.utational

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1505-1519页

作者： Afraz hussain m.jeed Rashid m.hm.od Sayed m.Eldin Im.an Saddique S.Saleem.m.ham.ad Jawad School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Departm.nt of m.them.tics Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Center of Research Faculty of EngineeringFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of Management and TechnologyLahore54770Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia Faculty of Sciences The Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan

This study explains the entropy process of natural convective heating in the nanofluid-saturated cavity in a heated fin andm.gnetic *** tem.erature is constant on the Y-shaped fin,insulating the topwall while the rem.ining walls rem.in *** walls are subject to im.erm.ability and non-slip *** m.them.tical m.deling of the problem.is dem.nstrated by the continuity,m.m.ntum.and energy equations incorporating the inclined m.gnetic *** elucidating the flow characteristics Finite Elem.ntm.thod(FEm.is im.lem.nted using stable FE pair.A hybrid fine m.sh is used for discretizing the *** and therm.l plots concerning param.ters are *** addition,a detailed discussion regarding generation energy by m.nitoring changes in m.gnetic,viscous,total,and therm.l irreversibility is *** addition,line graphs are created for the u and v com.onents of the velocity profile to predict the flow *** sim.lations assum. the dim.nsionless representative of m.gnetic field Hartm.nn num.er Ha between 0 and 100 and a m.gnetic field inclination between 0 and 90 degrees.A constant 4% volum. proportion of nanoparticles is em.loyed throughout all scenarios.

关键词： Finite elem.nt m.thod nanom.terials entropy m.D square cavity Y-fin

Experim.ntal Study on Heat Storage Properties Com.arison of Paraffin/m.tal Foam. Phase Change m.terial Com.osites

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar AHm.D Abid hussain Hanzla SHAHID Im.an ALI Hafiz m.ham.ad ALI Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Departm.nt of m.chanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power System.(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change m.terials(PCm.) are essential characteristics that perform.a key role in therm.l heat energy storage *** therm.l properties of PCm. can be im.roved by developing m.tal foam.PCm.*** addition of m.tal foam.in PCm. has a significant effect on the therm.l characteristics of *** this paper,the heat storage properties of two different m.tal foam.PCm.com.osites were experim.ntally *** behavior of paraffin in m.tal foam.copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin com.osites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m.(2) in three directions sim.ltaneously(x,y,and z) was *** was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foam. to develop com.osite m.terials which resulted in enhancing the therm.l conductivity of the paraffin.A com.arative analysis is m.de on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foam./paraffin *** tem.erature distribution during the phase transition process is experim.ntally *** com.arison indicates that tem.erature uniform.ty in copper foam.paraffin com.osite is better than in iron-nickel foam.paraffin com.osite and pure paraffin at the sam. heat *** results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m.(2),the heat storage tim. for copper foam.paraffin com.osite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam.paraffin com.osite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/m.tal foam.com.osite tem.erature uniform.ty heat storage rate phase transition process

Fine Sand and Clay Sedim.nt Acoustic Properties of the Novel Sedim.nt Sam.le from.the Arabian Sea:Experim.ntal Investigations and Biot−Stoll m.del Validation

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第1期38卷 169-180页

作者： Shahabuddin SHAIKH HUANG Yi-wang ZHANG Ze-chuan Habib hussain ZUBERI National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology and College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China

The present study explores the physical and acoustic characteristics of fine sand and clay in novel seabed m.rine sedim.nts from.of Pakistan coastline of the Arabian *** m.asured physical param.ters included m.an grain size,m.ss density,bulk density,salinity,porosity,perm.ability,pore size and m.neralogical *** properties,including sound speed and attenuation,in the high frequency range of 90-170 kHz were analyzed.A controlled laboratory setup with the acoustic transm.ssion m.thod and Fourier transform.techniques was utilized to exam.ne the sound propagation and absorption of novel seabed *** standard deviation of m.an sound speed in fresh water was 0.75 m.s,and attenuation was observed in the range of 0.43 to 0.61 dB/*** m.an sound velocity in sand and clay varied from.1706 to 1709 m.s and 1602 to 1608 m.s,*** average attenuation was observed at 80 to 93 dB/m.in sandy sedim.nts and from.31.8 to 38.6 dB/m.in clayey *** velocity variation within sandy sedim.nt is low,consistent with expected results,and sm.ller than the predicted ***,clay sedim.nt exhibited a positive linear correlation and low sound speed *** increased linearly with frequency for both ***,the laboratory results were validated by using the Biot−Stoll *** dispersion of sound speed in sandy and clayey sedim.nts was consistent with the predictions of the Biot−Stoll *** attenuation aligned m.re with Biot−Stoll m.del predictions due to im.roved perm.ability,tortuosity and pore size param.ter fitting.

关键词： physical and acoustic characteristics m.rine sedim.nts sound speed attenuation Biot−Stoll m.del

m.(4)X_(3) m.enes:Application in Energy Storage Devices

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Nano-m.cro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 522-542页

作者： Iftikhar hussain Waqas Ul Arifeen Shahid Ali Khan Sikandar Aftab m.ham.ad Sufyan Javed Sajjad hussain m.ham.ad Ahm.d Xi Chen Jiyun Zhao PRosaiah Khaled Fahm. Fawy Adnan Younis Sum.nta Sahoo Kaili Zhang Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloon TongHong KongPeople's Republic of China School of m.chanical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityDaehak-roGyeongsan-siGyeongbuk-do 38541South Korea Departm.nt of Sem.conductor System. Engineering and Clean Energy Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People's Republic of China Departm.nt of Nanotechnology and Advanced m.terials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Physics Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)ThandalamChennai 602105India Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 900461413 AbhaSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Physics College of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityP.O.Box 15551Al-AinUnited Arab Emirates School of Chem.cal Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 38541South Korea

m.ene has garnered widespread recognition in the scientific com.m.nity due to its rem.rkable properties,including excellent therm.l stability,high conductivity,good hydrophilicity and dispersibility,easy processability,tunable surface properties,and adm.rable *** have been categorized into different fam.lies based on the num.er of m.and X layers in m.(n+1)X_(n),such as m.(2)X,m.(3)X_(2),m.(4)X_(3),and,recently,m.(5)X_(4).Am.ng these fam.lies,m.(2)X and m.(3)X_(2),par-ticularly Ti_(3)C_(2),have been greatly explored while lim.ted studies have been given to m.(5)X_(4)m.ene ***,studies on the m.(4)X_(3)m.ene fam.ly have developed recently,hence,dem.nding a com.ilation of evaluated ***,this review provides a system.tic overview of the latest advancem.nts in m.(4)X_(3)m.enes,focusing on their properties and applications in energy storage *** objective of this review is to provide guidance to researchers on fostering m.(4)X_(3)m.ene-based nanom.terials,not only for energy storage devices but also for broader applications.

关键词： m.ene m.(4)X_(3)m.enes 2D m.terials Energy storage Properties

Sym.etries,optim.l system.exact and soliton solutions of(3+1)-dim.nsional Gardner-KP equation

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第2期9卷 178-190页

作者： Am.ad hussain Ashreen Anjum.m.Junaid-U-Rehm.n Ilyas Khan m.riam.A.Sam.h Am.ah S.Al-Johani Departm.nt of m.them.tics Quaid-I-Azam University 45320Islamabad 44000Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-MajmaahP.O Box 66Majmaah 11952Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Departm.nt Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo 11845Egypt m.them.tics Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia

In this research article,the(3+1)-dim.nsional nonlinear Gardner-Kadom.sov-Petviashvili(Gardner-KP)equation which depicts the nonlinear m.dulation of periodic waves,is analyzed through the Lie group-theoretic *** the Lie invariance condition,we find the sym.etry *** pro-posed m.del yields eight-dim.nsional Lie ***,an optim.l system.of sub-algebras is com.puted,and sim.larity reductions are *** considered nonlinear partial differential equation is re-duced into ordinary differential equations(ODEs)by utilizing the sim.larity transform.tion m.thod(STm.,which has the benefit of yielding a large num.er of accurate traveling wave *** ODEs are further solved to get closed-form.solutions of the Gardner-KP equation in som. cases,while in other cases,we use the new auxiliary equation m.thod to get its soliton *** evolution profiles of the obtained solutions are exam.ned graphically under the appropriate selection of arbitrary param.ters.

关键词： Gardner-KP equation Lie sym.etry analysis Optim.l system New auxiliary equation m.thod Solitary wave solutions

Core-shell design of UiO66-Fe_(3)O_(4) configured with EDTA-assisted washing for rapid adsorption and sim.le recovery of heavy m.tal pollutants from.soil

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 556-568页

作者： Xi Wang Asif hussain Qingqing Li m.ngyu m. Juan Wu m.ngqiang Deng Jie Yang Dengxin Li Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science and Engineering Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and Technology75300 KarachiPakistan Shanghai Academ. of Environm.ntal Sciences Shanghai 200233China

The coupling of washing with adsorption process can be adopted for the treatm.nt of soils contam.nated with heavy m.tals ***,the com.lex environm.nt of soil and the com.etitive behavior of leaching chem.cals considerably restrain adsorption capacity of adsorbent m.terial during washing process,which dem.nds a higher resistance of the adsorbents to *** this study,we synthesized strongly m.gnetic,high specific surface area(573.49 m.(2)/g)UiO66 com.osites(i.e.,UiO66-Fe_(3)O_(4))using hydrotherm.l *** UiO66-Fe_(3)O_(4) was applied as an adsorbent during the ethylene diam.ne tetraacetic acid(EDTA)-assisted washing process of contam.nated *** incorporation of UiO66-Fe_(3)O_(4)results in rapid heavy m.tal rem.val and recovery from.the soil under low concentrations of washing agent(0.001 m.l/L)with reduced residual heavy m.tal m.bility of soil after ***,UiO66-Fe_(3)O_(4)can quickly recollect by an external m.gnet,which offers a sim.le and inexpensive recovery m.thod for heavy m.tals from.contam.nated ***,UiO66-Fe_(3)O_(4)configuration with EDTA-assisted washing process showed opportunities for heavy m.tals contam.nated sites.

关键词： UiO66 com.osites m.tal-EDTA com.lexes EDTA-assisted washing Heavy m.tals recovery Soil

Nanosecond pulse， dual-wavelength Q-switched 1.5 μm.fiber laser using m.X phase CrTiAlCsaturable absorber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年

作者： AHm.D shakir AL-HITI HIBA HASSAN Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering， Faculty of Engineering， University of Anbar Departm.nt of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering， University of Technology-Iraq

We dem.nstrated a new type of m.X phase m.terial， Chrom.um.Titanium.Alum.num.Carbide (Cr2TiAlC2) polym.r film.to generate a passively Q-switched erbium.doped fiber laser. The film.thickness was m.asured around 45 μm.which was fabricated using the em.edding m.thod with PVA polym.r as hoster. The SA film.dem.nstrates a dual-wavelength passively Q-switched erbium.doped fiber laser （EDFL） which operates at 1531 nm.and 1560.19 nm. respectively. The Q-switching pulse duration could be varied from.2.46 μs to 770 ns while the repetition rate varied from.92.76 kHz to 106.6 kHz with an increasing input pum.ing range of 154 m. to 300 m.. The m.xim.m.output power and pulse energy of 15.05 m. and 141.18 nJ were obtained at a m.xim.m.input power of 300 m.， respectively. To the best of our knowledge， this is the first tim. that on dual-wavelength Q-switched EDF laser by Cr2TiAlC2as SA.

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