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Comprehensive analysis of glacier recession(2000-2020)in the Nun-Kun Group of Glaciers,Northwestern Himalaya

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 768-785页

作者： shakil ahmad ro.sho. Ummer AMEEN Mustafa Hameed BHAT Tariq ABDULLAH Department of Geoinformatics University of KashmirSrinagarKashmir 190006India Islamic University of Science and Technology AwantiporaKashmir 192122India Centre of Excellence for Glacier Studies in the Western Himalaya University of KashmirSrinagarKashmir 190006India

Himalayan glaciers are shrinking rapidly,especially after *** shrinkage,however,shows a differential pattern in space and time,emphasizing the need to monitor and assess glacier changes at a larger *** this study,changes of 48 glaciers situated around the twin peaks of the Nun and Kun mountains in the northwestern Himalaya,hereafter referred to as Nun-Kun Group of Glaciers(NKGG),were investigated using Landsat satellite data during *** in glacier area,snout position,Equilibrium Line Altitude(ELA),surface thickness and glacier velocity were assessed using remote sensing data supplemented by field *** study revealed that the NKGG glaciers have experienced a recession of 4.5%±3.4%and their snouts have retreated at the rate of 6.4±1.6 m·a^(-1).Additionally,there was a 41%increase observed in the debris cover area during the observation *** the geodetic approach,an average glacier elevation change of-1.4±0.4 m·a^(-1)was observed between 2000 and *** observed mass loss of the NKGG has resulted in the deceleration of glacier velocity from 27.0±3.7 m·a^(-1)in 2000 to 21.2±2.2 m·a^(-1)in *** ELA has shifted upwards by 83.0±22 m during the *** morphological and topographic factors showed a strong influence on glacier ***,a higher recession of 12.9%±3.2%was observed in small glaciers,compared to 2.7%±3.1%in larger *** debris-covered glaciers showed lower shrinkage(2.8%±1.1%)compared to the clean glaciers(9.3%±5%).The glacier depletion recorded in the NKGG during the last two decades,if continued,would severely diminish glacial volume and capacity to store water,thus jeopardizing the sustainability of water resources in the basin.

关键词： Nun-Kun range Glacier recession Glacier snout Remote Sensing Himalaya Glacier velocity

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Morphotectonic and Lithostratigraphic Analysis of Intermontane Karewa Basin of Kashmir Himalayas,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第1期10卷 1-15页

作者： Reyaz ahmad DAR Rakesh CHANDRA shakil ahmad ro.sho. Department of Earth Sciences The University of Kashmir

Morpho-tectonic study plays an important role in deciphering the effects of tectonic activity in the geomorphic evolution of the drainage *** watershed forms one of the major watersheds of the intermontane Karewa Basin of Kashmir *** Karewa sediments are characterized by glacio-fluvio-lacustrine deposits capped by the aeolian *** geomorphic,morphometric and lithostratigraphic studies of these cap deposits have been carried out to elucidate the effect of tectonics on the geomorphic evolution of romushi *** mapping was carried out using GPS measurements,DEM at 30m resolution,Topographic Position Index(TPI) model,topographic maps,LANDSAT TM Imagery and field *** and morphotectonic analyses in GIS environment were used to calculate various geomorphic indices(Mountain Front Sinuosity Index,Bifurcation Ratio,Asymmetry Factor,River Profile,etc).These indices reveal that the tectonic uplift observed in the region due to Himalayan orogeny coupled with mass movement and aeolian deposition have dominated the landscape evolution of intermontane Karewa Basin of Kashmir throughout the Late Quaternary *** data from lithostratigraphic measurements were analyzed to understand the geomorphic evolution of intermontane Karewa *** data revealed that the basin has experienced differential uplift and erosion rates from time to time in the geological *** was corroborated by the results from the morphometric and morphotectonic analysis.

关键词： Himalayas Morphometry Watershed Morphotectonics Intermontane basin Remote Sensing Drainage basin Digital elevation model

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Spatio-temporal variation of land surface temperature and temperature lapse rate over mountainous Kashmir Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第3期15卷 563-576页

作者： shakil ahmad ro.sho. Mohammd RAFIQ Irfan RASHID Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir

In this study, Land Surface Temperature(LST) and its lapse rate over the mountainous Kashmir Himalaya was estimated using MODIS data and correlated with the observed in-situ air temperature(Tair) data. Comparison between the MODIS LST and Tair showed a close agreement with the maximum error of the estimate ±1°C and the correlation coefficient >0.90. Analysis of the LST data from 2002-2012 showed an increasing trend at all the selected locations except at a site located in the southeastern part of Kashmir valley. Using the GTOPO30 DEM, MODIS LST data was used to estimate the actual temperature lapse rate(ATLR) along various transects across Kashmir Himalaya, which showed significant variations in space and time ranging from 0.3°C to 1.2°C per 100 m altitude change. This observation is at variance with the standard temperature lapse rate(STLR) of 0.65°C used universally in most of the hydrological and other land surface models. Snowmelt Runoff Model(SRM) was used to determine the efficacy of using the ATLR for simulating the stream flows in one of the glaciated and snow-covered watersheds in Kashmir. The use of ATLR in the SRM model improved the R2 between the observed and predicted streamflows from 0.92 to *** is hoped that the operational use of satellite-derived LST and ATLR shall improve the understanding and quantification of various processes related to climate, hydrology and ecosystem in the mountainous and data-scarce Himalaya where the use of temperature and ATLR are critical parameters for understanding various land surface and climate processes.

关键词： MODIS Land Surface Temperature Lapse Rate DEM Snowmelt Runoff Model Himalaya

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Modelling Chorabari Lake outburst flood, Kedarnath, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第1期16卷 64-76页

作者： Mohammd RAFIQ shakil ahmad ro.sho. Anoop Kumar MISHRA Faizan JALAL Centre for Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir

In this study, the Glacier Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF) that occurred over Kedarnath in June 2013 was modeled using integrated observations from the field and Remote Sensing(RS). The lake breach parameters such as area, depth, breach, and height have been estimated from the field observations and Remote Sensing(RS) data. A number of modelling approaches, including Snow Melt Runoff Model(SRM), Modified Single Flow model(MSF), Watershed Management System(WMS), Simplified Dam Breach Model(SMPDBK) and BREACH were used to model the GLOF. Estimations from SRM produced a runoff of about 22.7 m3 during 16–17, June 2013 over Chorabari Lake. Bathymetry data reported that the lake got filled to its maximum capacity(3822.7 m3) due to excess discharge. Hydrograph obtained from the BREACH model revealed a peak discharge of about 1699 m3/s during an intense water flow episode that lasted for 10–15 minutes on 17 th June 2013. Excess discharge from heavy rainfall and snowmelt into the lake increased its hydrostatic pressure and the lake breached cataclysmically.

关键词： Glacier lake outburst flood GIS Modelling Snow Melt Runoff Kedarnath Glacier Lake

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Paleo-glacial reconstruction of the Thajwas glacier in the Kashmir Himalaya using 10Be cosmogenic radionuclide dating

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 30-40页

作者： Omar Jaan Paul shakil ahmad ro.sho. Reyaz ahmad Dar Pankaj Kumar Soumya Prakash Dhal Sundeep Chopra Department of Earth Sciences University of KashmirSrinagarIndia Islamic University of Science and Technology(IUST) KashmirIndia Inter-University Accelerator Centre(IUAC) New DelhiIndia Department of Geoinformatics University of KashmirSrinagarIndia

Quantitative glacial chronologies of past glaciations are sparse in the Himalaya, and mostly absent in the Kashmir Himalaya. We used cosmogenicBe exposure dating, and geomorphological mapping to reconstruct glacial advances of the Thajwas Glacier(TG) in the Great Himalayan Range of the Kashmir Himalaya. FromBe exposure dating of ten moraine boulders, four glacial stages with ages ~20.77 ±2.28 ka, ~11.46 ± 1.69 ka, ~9.12 ± 1.39 ka and ~4.19 ± 0.78 ka, were identified. The reconstructed cosmogenic radionuclide ages confirmed the global Last Glacial Maximum(g LGM), Younger Dryas, Early Holocene, and Neoglaciation episodes. As per area and volume change analyses, the TG has lost 51.1 km~2 of its area and a volume of 2.64 km~3 during the last 20.77 ± 2.28 ka. Overall, the results suggested that the TG has lost 64% of area and 73% of volume from the Last glacial maximum to Neoglaciation and about 85.74% and 87.67% of area and volume, respectively, from Neoglaciation to the present day. The equilibrium line altitude of the TG fluctuated from 4238 m a.s.l present to3365 m a.s.l during the g LGM(20.77 ± 2.28 ka). The significant cooling induced by a drop in mean ambient temperature resulted in a positive mass balance of the TG during the g LGM. Subsequently the melting accelerated due to the continuing rise of the global ambient temperature. Paleo-glacial history reconstruction of the Kashmir Himalaya, with its specific geomorphic and climatic setting, would help close the information gap about the chronology of past regional glacial episodes.

关键词： Glacier reconstruction Cosmogenic 10Be gLGM Kashmir Himalaya Equilibrium Line Altitude

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Structural and optical analysis of Cr_2N thin films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第2期22卷 197-202页

作者： shakil Khan A.Mahmood A.Shah Qaiser Raza Muhammad Asim Rasheed Ishaq ahmad Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences National Institute of Laser and Optronics (NILOP) National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University

Chromium nitride （Cr2N） thin films were prepared by a DC magnetron sputtering technique. The deposition temperature was raised from 50 to 300℃, and its influence on the film structure and refractive index was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the crystalline strucure of the films transforms from the （101） to （002） oriented hexagonal CrzN phase as the increase of substrate tempera- ture above 50℃, and a highly texatred film grows at 100℃. An empirical relation between the crystalline orientation and infrared active modes of the films is obtained, i.e., the Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum of the film prepared at 50℃ exhibits only A1 （TO） mode. The prominent peak in the FTIR spectra of the film prepared above 50℃is assigned to the E1 （TO） mode and is correlated with the （002） or c-axis oriented hexagonal wurtzite phase of Cr2N. In the surface analysis of atomic force microscopy, a transformation from the featureless surface to columnar-type morphology is observed with the increase of substrate temperature from 50 to 100℃, exhibiting c-axis oriented crystallite growth. A further increase in substrate temperature to 200℃ causes the c-axis crystallites to merge, resulting in the formation of voids. The refractive index （n） of the deposited films is obtained using spectroscopic ellipsometry.

关键词： chromium nitride thin films magnetron sputtering structural analysis optical analysis refractive index

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First-principles calculation of the structural,electronic,and magnetic properties of cubic perovskite RbXF3(X = Mn,V,Co,Fe)

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第11期25卷 486-491页

作者： Muhammad Raza ur rehman Hashmi Muhammad Zafar M shakil Atif Sattar Shabbir Ahmed S A ahmad Simulation Laboratory Department of Physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan Department of Physics Hafiz Hayat Campus University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan

First-principles calculations by means of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method using the generalized gradient approximation with correlation effect correction（GGA＋U） within the framework of spin polarized density functional theory（DFT＋U） are used to study the structural,electronic,and magnetic properties of cubic perovskite compounds RbXF3（X = Mn,V,Co,and Fe）.It is found that the calculated structural parameters,i.e.,lattice constant,bulk modulus,and its pressure derivative are in good agreement with the previous *** results reveal that the strong spin polarization of the 3d states of the X atoms is the origin of ferromagnetism in *** energies and the magnetic moments of RbXF3 have also been *** calculated electronic properties show the half-metallic nature of RbCoF3 and RbFeF3,making these materials suitable for spintronic applications.

关键词： cubic metallic perovskite modulus correction linearized ferromagnetic augmented instance spheres

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Diet high in fructose leads to an overexpression of lipocalin-2 in rat fatty liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第7期20卷 1807-1821页

作者： Salamah Mohammad Alwahsh Min Xu Hatice Ali Seyhan shakil ahmad Sabine Mihm Giuliano Ramadori Frank Christian Schultze Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology University Medical Center Goettingen37075 GoettingenGermany Department of General Visceral and Pediatric SurgeryUniversity Medical Center Goettingen37075 GoettingenGermany

AIM: To explore lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) expression and its possible role and mechanism(s) of production in rat models of diet-inducible fatty liver.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Inflammation Endotoxins Lipopolysaccharide Oxidative stress Mitochondrial dysfunction Metabolic syndrome

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Combination of mesenchymal stem cells and three-dimensional collagen scaffold preserves ventricular remodeling in rat myocardial infarction model

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第8期14卷 633-657页

作者： Rida-e-Maria Qazi Irfan Khan Kanwal Haneef Tuba shakil Malick Nadia Naeem Waqas ahmad Asmat Salim Sadia Mohsin Stem Cell Laboratory Dr.Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug ResearchICCBSUniversity of KarachiKarachi 75270SindhPakistan Dr.Zafar H.Zaidi Center for Proteomics University of KarachiKarachi 75270SindhPakistan Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences(DRIBBS) Dow University of Health and SciencesOjha CampusKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Cardiovascular Research Center Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19140United States

BACKGroUND Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality *** of the damaged myocardium remains a challenge due to mechanical constraints and limited healing ability of the adult heart *** tissue engineering using biomaterial scaffolds combined with stem cells and bioactive molecules could be a highly promising approach for cardiac *** of biomaterials can provide suitable microenvironment to the cells and can solve cell engraftment problems associated with cell transplantation *** stem cells(MSCs)are potential candidates in cardiac tissue engineering because of their multilineage differentiation potential and ease of *** of DNA methyl transferase inhibitor,such as zebularine,in combination with three-dimensional(3D)scaffold can promote efficient MSC differentiation into cardiac lineage,as epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in determining cell fate and lineage specific gene *** To investigate the role of collagen scaffold and zebularine in the differentiation of rat bone marrow(BM)-MSCs and their subsequent in vivo *** MSCs were isolated from rat BM and characterized morphologically,immunophenotypically and by multilineage differentiation *** were seeded in collagen scaffold and treated with 3μmol/L zebularine in three different *** analysis was done and cardiac differentiation was analyzed at the gene and protein *** and untreated MSC-seeded scaffolds were transplanted in the rat myocardial infarction(MI)model and cardiac function was assessed by *** tracking was performed by DiI dye labeling,while regeneration and neovascularization were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemical analysis,*** MSCs were successfully isolated and seeded in collagen *** analysis revealed that zebularine was not cytotoxic in any of the treatment *** differentiation analysis

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells Myocardial infarction Cardiac tissue engineering Demethylating agent Collagen scaffold Zebularine

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Acute Kidney Injury: Treatment with Unani Medicine—Case Report

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Chinese Medicine 2014年第2期5卷 118-122页

作者： Muhammad shakil ahmad Siddiqui Khan Usmanghani Faculty of Eastern Medicine Hamdard University Karachi Pakistan Rafah-e-Aam Dawakhana Ajmali (Clinics) and Rafah-e-Aam Herbal Laboratories Karachi Pakistan Faculty of Eastern Medicine Hamdard University Karachi Pakistan

A male named Anwer Jamal, age 45 years, married, visited Clinic Rafaheaam Dawakhana Ajmali on March 29, 2013, with history of glomerulonephritis, inherited renal diseases, hypertension and previously hooked on voltaren 50 (Diclofenic Sodium, 50 mg) and was not on dialysis. Different diagnostic parameters showed the patient was suffering from acute renal failure according to the RIFLE criteria. AKI is life threatening when kidneys suddenly is unable to filter waste products from blood. The patient was treated and managed with herbal medicines according to Unani system of medicine. Reversal of the parameter such as serum creatinine from 7.90 mg/dl (6.58 fold high) to 0.81mg/dl within two weeks clearly shows the remarkable recovery in a short period of time. During this period the other related parameters e.g. blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum albumin, albuminuria, blood pressure were also normalized whereas clinical sign and symptom exhibited improvement.

关键词： Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis Unani Treatment Outcome

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