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An assessment of racial differences in epidemiological, clinical and psychosocial factors among head and neck cancer patients at the time of surgery

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2020年第1期6卷 41-48页

作者： Anvesh Kompelli Kathleen B.Cartmell Katherine R.Sterba Anthony j.Alberg Christopher C.Xiao Amit j.Sood Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer shai j.white-gilbertson Steven A.Rosenzweig Terry A.Day Department of Otoloryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina(MUSC)CharlestonSC29425USA College of Nursing MUSCCharlestonSC29425USA Hollings Cancer Center MUSCCharlestonSC29425USA Department of Public Health Sciences MUSCCharlestonSC29425USA Cancer Resistry Hollings Cancer CenterMUSCCharlestonSC29425USA Department of Pharmacology MUSCCharlestonSC29425USA

Objective:Racial disparities have been well characterized and African American(AA)patients have 30%lower 5-year survival rates than European Americans(EAs)for head and neck squamous carcinoma(HNSCC).This poorer survival can be attributed to a myriad of different *** purpose of this study was to characterize AA-EA similarities and differences in sociodemographic,lifestyle,clinical,and psychosocial characteristics in HNSCC patients near the time of ***:Setting:Single tertiary care ***:Thirty-nine newly diagnosed,untreated HNSCC patients(n=24 EAs,n=15 AAs)who were to undergo surgery were *** Design:Cross-sectional study Sociodemographic,lifestyle factors,and disease factors(cancer site,AjCC clinical and pathologic stage,and HPV status)were *** factors,leisure time,quality of life and social support were also assessed using validated ***:EA and AA patients were similar in the majority of sociodemographic factors *** had a higher trend toward pathologically later stage disease compared to EAs and significantly increased time to ***:EA and AA patients were similar in the majority of sociodemographic factors *** had a higher trend toward pathologically later stage disease compared to *** also had significantly increased time to treatment(P=0.05).The majority of AA patients(62%)had later stage pathologic *** were less likely to complete high school or college(P=0.01)than their EA ***,AAs were more likely to report having a gap in health insurance during the past decade(37%vs.15%).Conclusions:This preliminary study demonstrates a similar profile of demographics,clinical and psychosocial characteristics preoperatively for AAs and *** differences were AAs tending to have later pathologic stage disease,educational status,delays in treatment initiation,and gaps in health insurance.

关键词： Head and neck cancer Healthcare disparities Treatment delay Health services Quality care HPV

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First isolation of glutinol and a bioactive fraction with good antiinflammatory activity from n-hexane fraction of Peltophorum africanum leaf

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Asian Pacific journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第1期10卷 42-46页

作者： Salmon A Adebayo Leshweni j shai jacobus N Eloff Phytomedicine Programme Department of Paraclinical SciencesUniversity of Pretoria Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of ScienceTshwane University of Technology

Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of different fractions and glutinol(isolated compound),using nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase(COX) inhibition as an indication of anti-inflammatory activity,Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using an in vitro assay determining the inhibition of the activity of pro-inflammatory enzyme model,Cyclooxygenases and inducible nitric oxide synthase are crucial enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory conditions,Results: Sub-fraction F3.3 that was derived from n-hexane fraction of PA leaves significantly inhibited(P = 0.01) the catalytic activity of COX-2(IC50 = 0.67 μg/m L) better than isolated compound,glutinol(IC50 = 1.22 μg/m L),compound 2(CP2)(IC50 = 1.71 μg/m L) and sub-fraction F3.3.0(IC50 = 1.30 μg/m L),A similar trend was observed in investigation of the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells by F3.3,glutinol,CP2 and F3.3.0,Inducible COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase are among potent signalling enzymes that exacerbate inflammation,Conclusions: Bioactive sub-fractions(F3.3 and F3.3.0) derived from the n-hexane fraction of PA had good anti-inflammatory activity,and the isolated compound,and glutinol may be useful as a template for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.

关键词： Peltophorum africanum COX-1/COX-2 iNOS Nitric oxide Anti-inflammatory

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Emergency department electric scooter injuries after the introduction of shared e-scooter services: A retrospective review of 3,331 cases

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 5-10页

作者： Ittai Shichman Or Shaked shai Factor Ahuva Weiss-Meilik Amal Khoury Division of Orthopedics Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterAffi liated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 64239Israel Head of I-Medata AI Center Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterAffi liated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 64239Israel

BACKGROUND: To determine the frequency, characteristics, and use of resources related to electric scooter(e-scooter) injuries in the emergency department(ED) of a major metropolitan area ***: We performed a retrospective review of all ED presentations related to e-scooter injuries at a level I trauma center between May 2017 and February 2020. We identified ED presentation data, injury-related data, patients’ clinical course after evaluation, injury diagnosis, surgical procedures, and ED ***: A total of 3,331 patients with e-scooter injuries presented to the ED over a 34-month period. There was a 6-fold increase in e-scooter-related injuries presenting to the ED, from an average of 26.9 injuries per month before the introduction of shared e-scooter services in August 2018 to an average of 152.6 injuries per month after its introduction. The average injury rate during weekdays was 3.27 per day, with the majority of injuries occurring in the afternoon. The most common mechanism of injury was rider fall(79.1%). There were a total of 2,637 orthopedic injuries, of which 599(22.7%) were fractures. A total of 296(8.9%) patients were hospitalized following the initial ED admission, and 462 surgeries were performed within 7 days of ED ***: The introduction of the shared e-scooter services is associated with a dramatic increase in e-scooter injuries presenting to the ED. E-scooter use carries considerably underestimated injury risks of high-energy trauma and misunderstood mechanisms of injuries. These injuries challenge the healthcare system, with a major impact on both EDs and surgical departments.

关键词： E-scooter Scooter Emergency department

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Assessment of the Bemisia tabaci C YP6CM l vQ transcript and protein levels in laboratory and field-derived imidacloprid-resistant insects and cross-metabolism potential of the recombinant enzyme

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Insect Science 2011年第1期18卷 23-29页

作者： Emmanouil Roditakis Evangelia Morou Anastasia Tsagkarakou Maria Riga Ralf Nauen Mark Paine shai Morin john Vontas Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion National Agricultural Research Foundation Heraklion (N.AG.RE.F.) Heraklio Greece Faculty of Applied Biology and Biotechnology Department of Biology University of Crete Heraklion Greece Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK Bayer CropScience AG Research Insecticides Insect Toxicology and Resistance Monheim Germany Department of Entomology Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Quality Sciences Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel

Over-expression of the cytochrome P450 CYP6CM1 gene has been associated with imidacloprid resistance in a number of Q and B biotype Bemisia tabaci laboratory strains from distinct geographical origins worldwide. We recently demonstrated that the Q biotype version of the CYP6CM 1 protein （CYP6CMlvQ） is capable of metabolizing imida- cloprid. Here, we show that the levels of BtCYP6CMlvQ were also elevated in laboratory- resistant strains and field-derived populations, with variable imidacloprid resistance levels, collected in Crete. High levels of CYP6CMlvQ transcripts were also determined in survivors of a heterogeneous field population, after exposure to discriminating imidacloprid dosage. Using peptide antibody-based detection assays, we demonstrated that in line with transcriptional data, the CYP6CMlvQ protein levels were higher in imidacloprid-resistant insects, which further implicates the gene as the causal factor of resistance. Finally, assess- ment of the cross-metabolism potential of CYP6CMlvQ against additional neonicotinoid molecules used for B. tabaci control revealed that clothianidin and thiacloprid, but not acetamiprid or thiamethoxam, are metabolized by the recombinant enzyme in vitro.

关键词： detoxification neonicotinoids peptide antibodies P450

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Lewis base multisite ligand engineering in efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第12期99卷 277-291页

作者： Danqing Ma Dongmei He Qing Zhu Xinxing Liu Yue Yu Xuxia shai Zhengfu Zhang Sam Zhang jing Feng jianhong Yi jiangzhao Chen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology&Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Optoelectronic EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093YunnanChina Institute of Physical and Engineering Science/Faculty of Science Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500YunnanChina School of Aeronautics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina HIT Zhengzhou Research Institute Zhengzhou 450000HenanChina

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have stood out from many photovoltaic technologies due to their flexibility,cost-effectiveness and high-power conversion efficiency(PCE). Nevertheless, the further development of PSCs is greatly hindered by the trap-induced non-radiative recombination losses and poor long-term work stability. In the past decade, the huge advancements have been obtained on suppressing nonradiative recombination and enhancing device durability. Among them, the multisite ligands(MSLs) engineering plays a crucial role in precise control and directional modification of functional layers and interfaces,which contributes to markedly increased PCE and lifetimes of PSCs. In view of this, this review summarizes the advances of MSLs in PSCs. From the perspective of functional groups and chemical interaction,the modulation mechanisms of properties of different functional layers and interfaces and device performance via various MSLs are deeply investigated and revealed. Finally, the prospects for the application and development direction of MSLs in PSCs are legitimately proposed.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Multisite ligands Defect passivation Ion migration suppression Stability

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“共享发展”的正当性论证——基于“人性——风险”的视角

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北京理工大学学报（社会科学版） 2018年第4期20卷 46-52页

作者：张晒东南大学公共管理系江苏南京210096

"共享发展"是当前中国的五大新发展理念之一,它在当前的社会历史发展背景下具有特殊的现实意义和重大的历史价值,即具有独特的正当性。"共享发展"的正当性可以运用"人性—风险"的理论框架进行证明。自利的人性及其生成的世俗性社会使个... 详细信息

"共享发展"是当前中国的五大新发展理念之一,它在当前的社会历史发展背景下具有特殊的现实意义和重大的历史价值,即具有独特的正当性。"共享发展"的正当性可以运用"人性—风险"的理论框架进行证明。自利的人性及其生成的世俗性社会使个体具有潜在的威胁。道德的软约束乏力以及法律与制度的硬约束缺位使得个体所具有的潜在威胁很容易爆发出来,进而生成让每一个个体都避免不了的整体性风险。对于整体性风险,必须通过与自利的人性不相冲突的互利的合作及其实现的普惠性增长加以解决。通过建立在自利的人性基础之上的互利的合作及其实现的普惠性增长,化解因自利的人性及其生成的世俗性社会而产生的个体的威胁及其生成的整体性风险,便是"共享发展"的正当性之所在。

关键词： “共享发展”的正当性世俗性社会整体性风险普惠性增长

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环境政策的道德含量评估:理路与框架

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北京理工大学学报（社会科学版） 2019年第5期21卷 1-10页

作者：张晒东南大学公共管理系

环境政策道德含量是指环境政策中所包含的道德量。由于环境政策具有相对独立性,社会道德具有相对静止性,因而环境政策道德含量能够被评估。环境政策道德含量评估的核心要素是政策和道德,二者共同决定了环境政策道德含量评估指标生成的逻... 详细信息

环境政策道德含量是指环境政策中所包含的道德量。由于环境政策具有相对独立性,社会道德具有相对静止性,因而环境政策道德含量能够被评估。环境政策道德含量评估的核心要素是政策和道德,二者共同决定了环境政策道德含量评估指标生成的逻辑,即政策过程、道德形态分别决定了环境政策道德含量评估一级指标和二级指标各自的生成逻辑。环境政策道德含量评估的一级指标由政策自身的道德基础、政策关系的道德原则、政策执行的道德后果共同构成,环境政策道德含量评估的二级指标由政治道德、经济道德、社会道德、生态道德共同构成。环境政策道德含量评估的二级指标决定环境政策道德含量评估的实测指标,即由政治道德、经济道德、社会道德、生态道德生成相应的实测指标。环境政策评估的框架主要包括环境政策评估的模型、主体和操作。评估模型即为对应实测指标的特定环境政策的道德因子得分测算方法。评估主体即由环境政策制定者、环境政策受用者、专业机构组成。评估操作分为四个步骤,分别是提取道德因子、汇总道德因子实际得分、测算环境政策的道德含量、评估环境政策的质量。

关键词：环境政策道德评价道德含量评估

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“复合平等”还是“复合不平等”——对沃尔泽多元主义分配正义论的追问

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华中科技大学学报（社会科学版） 2017年第4期31卷 43-50页

作者：张晒东南大学人文学院

迈克尔·沃尔泽以多元主义分配正义论及其"复合平等"而闻名于世。他主张根据由不同社群的"文化语境"即"共享理解"所决定的"善的社会意义"来分配不同领域的善,从而让各个领域的"不平等"叠加在一起进而形成"复合平等"。通过将沃尔泽多元... 详细信息

迈克尔·沃尔泽以多元主义分配正义论及其"复合平等"而闻名于世。他主张根据由不同社群的"文化语境"即"共享理解"所决定的"善的社会意义"来分配不同领域的善,从而让各个领域的"不平等"叠加在一起进而形成"复合平等"。通过将沃尔泽多元主义分配正义论及其平等主张分别与马克思、罗尔斯、诺齐克的分配正义论及其平等主张进行比较,可以得知,沃尔泽在"平等"问题上与马克思是渐行渐远的;与罗尔斯是形似神异的;与诺齐克是殊途同归的,即沃尔泽多元主义分配正义论所推崇和追求的"复合平等"最终走进了诺齐克的"不平等"轨道。沃尔泽多元主义分配正义论的"复合平等"实质上是"复合不平等"。

关键词：沃尔泽多元主义分配正义论复合平等复合不平等

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迈向责任的分配正义:自动驾驶交通事故的归责逻辑——基于语境主义的视角

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东北大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第1期26卷 63-72页

作者：张晒安徽大学社会与政治学院安徽合肥230601

根据语境主义正义论,自动驾驶交通事故责任所面临的不同社会语境决定了其拥有不同的社会意义,进而决定了自动驾驶交通事故责任分配应实行差异化原则。差异化原则由第一原则和第二原则构成,第一原则统领第二原则。第一原则为不能采用过... 详细信息

根据语境主义正义论,自动驾驶交通事故责任所面临的不同社会语境决定了其拥有不同的社会意义,进而决定了自动驾驶交通事故责任分配应实行差异化原则。差异化原则由第一原则和第二原则构成,第一原则统领第二原则。第一原则为不能采用过严的制裁性原则,而宜采用适度的宽容性原则;不能采用单一的事后追究原则,而宜采用事前警示与事后追究相结合的原则。第二原则包括针对自动驾驶系统的对称性分配原则、针对生产商的恰适性分配原则、针对汽车所有人的还原性分配原则、针对乘客的共担性分配原则、针对行人的包容性分配原则、针对政府的兜底性分配原则。由生产商等六个主体组成责任分配共同体,以协商执行差异化原则,从而实现自动驾驶交通事故责任的正义分配。

关键词：自动驾驶事故责任正义分配语境主义善的社会意义

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风险分配何以公正?——基于新冠肺炎疫情的哲学审思

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北京理工大学学报（社会科学版） 2020年第3期22卷 57-64页

作者：张晒东南大学公共管理系江苏南京210096

2020年初爆发的新冠肺炎疫情对于中国乃至整个世界来说都是一个巨大的风险,有必要从分配正义的角度对其进行审视。风险分配正义由风险分配的逻辑前提、价值理念、基本原则等内容系统性构成。人的有限理性和风险的不可预测性使得所有人... 详细信息

2020年初爆发的新冠肺炎疫情对于中国乃至整个世界来说都是一个巨大的风险,有必要从分配正义的角度对其进行审视。风险分配正义由风险分配的逻辑前提、价值理念、基本原则等内容系统性构成。人的有限理性和风险的不可预测性使得所有人都面临着不同程度的风险,处于极端风险中的人们还会加剧和扩散风险,这是风险分配的逻辑前提。对人的生命权和自由平等权的保障,以及对人因拥有不同的禀赋和不同的条件所具有的不同抗拒风险能力的维护,使得风险分配必须坚持“不平等的平等”理念。根据该理念,风险分配正义应该坚持对称性分配的基本原则,具体包括风险分配与生产风险的责任对称原则、风险分配与获取风险的收益对称原则、风险分配与抵御风险的能力对称原则。

关键词：分配正义风险分配不平等的平等对称性原则

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