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Little effect of climate change on body size of herbivorous beetles

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 309-316页

作者： Baar, Yuval Friedman, Ariel Leib Leonid meiri, shai Scharf, Inon Department of Zoology Faculty of Life Sciences & Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel

Ongoing climate change affects various aspects of an animal＇s life, with impor- tant effects on distribution range and phenology. The relationship between global warming and body size changes in mammals and birds has been widely studied, with most find- ings indicating a decline in body size over time. Nevertheless, little data exist on similar size change patterns of invertebrates in general and insects in particular, and it is unclear whether insects should decrease in size or not with climate warming. We measured over 4000 beetle specimens, belonging to 29 beetle species in 8 families, collected in Israel during the last 100 years. The sampled species are all herbivorous. We examined whether beetle body size had changed over the years, while also investigating the relationships between body size and annual temperature, precipitation, net primary productivity （NPP） at the collection site and collection month. None of the environmental variables, including the collection year, was correlated with the size of most of the studied beetle species, while there were strong interactions of all variables with species. Our results, though mostly neg- ative, suggest that the effect of climate change on insect body size is species-specific and by no means a general macro-ecological rule. They also suggest that the intrapopulation variance in body size of insects collected as adults in the field is large enough to conceal intersite environmental effects on body size, such as the effect of temperature and NPE

关键词： Coleoptera museum collections rain temperature-size rule thermal ecol-ogy

迈向责任的分配正义:自动驾驶交通事故的归责逻辑——基于语境主义的视角

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东北大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第1期26卷 63-72页

作者：张晒安徽大学社会与政治学院安徽合肥230601

根据语境主义正义论,自动驾驶交通事故责任所面临的不同社会语境决定了其拥有不同的社会意义,进而决定了自动驾驶交通事故责任分配应实行差异化原则。差异化原则由第一原则和第二原则构成,第一原则统领第二原则。第一原则为不能采用过... 详细信息

根据语境主义正义论,自动驾驶交通事故责任所面临的不同社会语境决定了其拥有不同的社会意义,进而决定了自动驾驶交通事故责任分配应实行差异化原则。差异化原则由第一原则和第二原则构成,第一原则统领第二原则。第一原则为不能采用过严的制裁性原则,而宜采用适度的宽容性原则;不能采用单一的事后追究原则,而宜采用事前警示与事后追究相结合的原则。第二原则包括针对自动驾驶系统的对称性分配原则、针对生产商的恰适性分配原则、针对汽车所有人的还原性分配原则、针对乘客的共担性分配原则、针对行人的包容性分配原则、针对政府的兜底性分配原则。由生产商等六个主体组成责任分配共同体,以协商执行差异化原则,从而实现自动驾驶交通事故责任的正义分配。

关键词：自动驾驶事故责任正义分配语境主义善的社会意义

Does the Application of Deep Brain Stimulation to Modulate Memory and Neural Circuity in AD Hold Substantial Promise?

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第5期38卷 553-557页

作者： Abdalla Bowirrat shai Ashkenazi Aia Bowirrat Albert Pinhasov Adelson School of Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology Ariel University40700 ArielIsrael Adelson School of Medicine Ariel University40700 ArielIsrael Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hasharon HospitalRabin Medical CenterTel Aviv University4941492 Petah-TikvaIsrael

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is known to be a progressive neurodegenerative illness that attacks the brain,causing alterations in synaptic transmission,dystrophic neurites,and neuronal death brought on by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in neuronsand neuritic amyloidbeta(Aβ)plaques in the extracellular space resulting in brain shrinkage and misshapen architecture[1].

关键词： alterations Aβ Alzheimer

Emergency department electric scooter injuries after the introduction of shared e-scooter services: A retrospective review of 3,331 cases

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 5-10页

作者： Ittai Shichman Or Shaked shai Factor Ahuva Weiss-Meilik Amal Khoury Division of Orthopedics Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterAffi liated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 64239Israel Head of I-Medata AI Center Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterAffi liated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 64239Israel

BACKGROUND: To determine the frequency, characteristics, and use of resources related to electric scooter(e-scooter) injuries in the emergency department(ED) of a major metropolitan area hospital.METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all ED presentations related to e-scooter injuries at a level I trauma center between May 2017 and February 2020. We identified ED presentation data, injury-related data, patients’ clinical course after evaluation, injury diagnosis, surgical procedures, and ED readmissions.RESULTS: A total of 3,331 patients with e-scooter injuries presented to the ED over a 34-month period. There was a 6-fold increase in e-scooter-related injuries presenting to the ED, from an average of 26.9 injuries per month before the introduction of shared e-scooter services in August 2018 to an average of 152.6 injuries per month after its introduction. The average injury rate during weekdays was 3.27 per day, with the majority of injuries occurring in the afternoon. The most common mechanism of injury was rider fall(79.1%). There were a total of 2,637 orthopedic injuries, of which 599(22.7%) were fractures. A total of 296(8.9%) patients were hospitalized following the initial ED admission, and 462 surgeries were performed within 7 days of ED arrival.CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of the shared e-scooter services is associated with a dramatic increase in e-scooter injuries presenting to the ED. E-scooter use carries considerably underestimated injury risks of high-energy trauma and misunderstood mechanisms of injuries. These injuries challenge the healthcare system, with a major impact on both EDs and surgical departments.

关键词： E-scooter Scooter Emergency department

铜稳态失调在肌萎缩侧索硬化发病机制中的研究进展

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中风与神经疾病杂志 2024年第4期41卷 381-384页

作者：张莹色瑶(综述) 姜宏佺(审校) 哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院神经内科黑龙江哈尔滨150001

铜对维持细胞的正常代谢功能至关重要,参与细胞中多种生理过程,包括细胞呼吸、神经肽加工和铁运输等,维持铜稳态具有重要意义。在中枢神经系统中,铜稳态参与突触功能调节及髓鞘形成过程等,铜稳态失调与多种神经退行性疾病的发生密切相关... 详细信息

铜对维持细胞的正常代谢功能至关重要,参与细胞中多种生理过程,包括细胞呼吸、神经肽加工和铁运输等,维持铜稳态具有重要意义。在中枢神经系统中,铜稳态参与突触功能调节及髓鞘形成过程等,铜稳态失调与多种神经退行性疾病的发生密切相关,近年研究表明,铜转运ATP酶α(ATP7A)突变后导致的铜稳态失调,可能导致了肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)的发生发展。本文通过综述铜稳态失调在ALS发病机制的研究进展,提出了维持铜稳态可能为ALS治疗提供新靶点的展望。

关键词：肌萎缩侧索硬化铜稳态铜转运ATP酶α

Co-occurrence based texture synthesis

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Computational Visual Media 2022年第2期8卷 289-302页

作者： Anna Darzi Itai Lang Ashutosh Taklikar Hadar Averbuch-Elor shai Avidan Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801Israel Cornell-Tech Cornell UniversityNYCNY10044USA

As image generation techniques mature,there is a growing interest in explainable representations that are easy to understand and intuitive to manipulate.In this work,we turn to co-occurrence statistics,which have long been used for texture analysis,to learn a controllable texture synthesis model.We propose a fully convolutional generative adversarial network,conditioned locally on co-occurrence statistics,to generate arbitrarily large images while having local,interpretable control over texture appearance.To encourage fidelity to the input condition,we introduce a novel differentiable co-occurrence loss that is integrated seamlessly into our framework in an end-to-end fashion.We demonstrate that our solution offers a stable,intuitive,and interpretable latent representation for texture synthesis,which can be used to generate smooth texture morphs between different textures.We further show an interactive texture tool that allows a user to adjust local characteristics of the synthesized texture by directly using the co-occurrence values.

关键词： co-occurrence texture synthesis deep learning generative adversarial networks(GANs)

大豆异黄酮通过抑制Wnt/Ca2+信号通路减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注引起的钙超载

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南方医科大学学报 2024年第6期44卷 1048-1058页

作者：李丽汪梦哲刘赛赛张小楠陈洁陶伟婷李晒秦志文陶泉坊刘奕黄丽赵士弟蚌埠医科大学病理生理学教研室安徽蚌埠233000 蚌埠医科大学心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室安徽蚌埠233000 蚌埠医科大学临床医学院安徽蚌埠233000 南京市第一医院神经内科江苏南京210000

目的探讨大豆异黄酮(SI)减轻脑缺血再灌注(I/R)引起钙超载的作用机制。方法将48只SD大鼠采用随机数法分为4组:假手术组(Sham组)、脑缺血再灌注模型组(I/R组)、病毒空载组(NC组)、Frizzled-2敲低组(Knock down组),12只/组。采用线栓法... 详细信息

目的探讨大豆异黄酮(SI)减轻脑缺血再灌注(I/R)引起钙超载的作用机制。方法将48只SD大鼠采用随机数法分为4组:假手术组(Sham组)、脑缺血再灌注模型组(I/R组)、病毒空载组(NC组)、Frizzled-2敲低组(Knock down组),12只/组。采用线栓法堵塞大脑中动脉2 h,再灌注24 h构建I/R模型。采用Western blot验证病毒敲低效率并检测Wnt/Ca2+信号通路相关蛋白Wnt5a、Frizzled-2和P-CaMKⅡ的变化。采用钙含量显色法检测各组缺血半暗带(IP)区钙离子浓度变化,HE检测各组IP区组织结构变化。另将72只SD大鼠采用随机数法分为3组:Sham组、I/R组、大豆异黄酮预处理组(SI组),24只/组。采用多普勒血流仪检测局部脑血流变化,TTC染色检测脑梗死体积,HE和尼氏染色检测IP区组织变化、免疫荧光检测ROS、Ca2+和细胞凋亡水平、流式检测细胞钙离子浓度,试剂盒检测血清MDA和SOD水平,Western blotting和免疫组化检测IP区Wnt5a、Frizzled-2和P-CaMKⅡ蛋白表达。结果与I/R组比较,Knock down组钙离子浓度(P<0.001)、Wnt5a(P<0.05)、Frizzled-2(P<0.05)和P-CaMKⅡ(P<0.001)表达水平均降低;与I/R组比较,SI组钙离子浓度(P<0.05)、ROS和MDA水平(P<0.001)、细胞凋亡程度(P<0.001)、脑梗死体积(P<0.001)、Wnt5a、Frizzled-2和P-CaMKⅡ表达水平(P<0.05)均降低,SOD水平升高(P<0.001)。结论大豆异黄酮可能通过抑制Wnt/Ca2+信号通路减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注引起的钙超载。

关键词：大豆异黄酮脑缺血再灌注钙超载 Wnt/Ca2+

Amplitude-mode spectroscopy of chemically injected and photogenerated charge carriers in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5619-5625页

作者： shai R。Vardeny Alan Phillips Kira A。Thurman ZValy Vardeny Jeffrey L.Blackburn Division of Electrical Electronicand Infocommunications EngineeringOsaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Materials Chemistryand Computation Science DirectorateNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Physics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Physics&Astronomy University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

In one-dimensional semiconductors such as conjugated polymers and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes(s-SWCNTs),injected charge carriers(electrons or holes)can have profound impacts on both electronic conductivity and optical spectra,even at low carrier densities.Understanding charge-related spectral features is a key fundamental challenge with important technological implications.Here,we employ a systematic suite of experimental and theoretical tools to understand the mid-infrared charge signatures of heavily p-type doped polymer-wrapped s-SWCNTs.Across a broad range of nanotube diameters,we find that hole charge carriers induce strong Fano anti-resonances in mid-infrared transmission spectra that correspond to defect-related(D-band)and in-plane tangential(G-band)Raman-active vibrational modes,along with antiresonances arising from infrared(IR)-active polymer and SWCNT modes.We employ^(13)C isotope-labeled s-SWCNTs and a removable wrapping polymer to clarify the relative intensities,energies,and sources of all observed anti-resonances.Simulations performed with the“amplitude mode model”are used to quantitatively reproduce Raman spectra and also help to explain the outsized intensity of the D-band anti-resonance,relative to the G-band,observed for both moderately and degenerately doped s-SWCNTs.The results provide a framework for future studies of ground-and excited-state charge carriers in s-SWCNTs and a variety of low-dimensional materials.

关键词： carbon nanotubes doping charge carriers phonons electron-phonon coupling

Strategies to manage the difficult colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2023年第7期15卷 491-495页

作者： Mike T Wei shai Friedland Department of Gastroenterology Stanford University Medical CenterPalo AltoCA 94306United States

During endoscopy,an endoscopist is inevitably faced with the occasional“difficult colonoscopy,”in which the endoscopist finds it challenging to advance the endoscope to the cecum.Beyond optimization of technique,with minimized looping,minimal insufflation,sufficient sedation,and abdominal splinting when needed,sometimes additional tools may be needed.In this review,we cover available techniques and technologies to help navigate the difficult colonoscopy,including the ultrathin colonoscope,rigidizing overtube,balloon-assisted colonoscopy and the abdominal compression device.

关键词： Difficult colonoscopy Incomplete colonoscopy Overtube Water immersion Colonoscopy Balloon enteroscopy