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First report on molecular characterization of Leishmania species from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第7期10卷 785-788页

作者： Mubbashir Hussain shahzad Munir Sultan Ayaz Bahar Ullah Khattak Taj Ali khan Niaz Muhammad Muhammad Anees Hazir Rahman Muhammad Qasim Muhammad Ameen Jamal Irfan Ahmed Kashif Rahim Humaira Mazhar Noha Watanay Mohamed Kasbari Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory Department of MicrobiologyKohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Plant ProtectionYunnan Agricultural University College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan College of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Yunnan Agricultural University Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal University US Naval Medical Research Unit-3 (NAMRU 3) ANSES Animal Health Laboratory

Objective: To report presence of Leishmania major in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan, where cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) is endemic and was thought to be caused by Leishmania tropica only. Methods: Biopsy samples from 432 CL suspected patients were collected from 3 southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during years 2011–2016. Microscopy on Giemsa stained slides were done followed by amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 gene. Results: Leishmania amastigotes were detected by microscopy in 308 of 432 samples(71.3%) while 374 out of 432 samples(86.6%) were positive by ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR. Subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism confirmed Leishmania tropica in 351 and Leishmania major in 6 biopsy samples. Conclusions: This study is the first molecular characterization of Leishmania species in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It confirmed the previous assumptions that anthroponotic CL is the major CL form present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Furthermore, this is the first report of Leishmania major from a classical anthroponotic CL endemic focus identified in rural areas of Kohat district in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

关键词： Cutaneous leishmaniasis ITS-PCR RFLP Leishmania tropica Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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Drug Usage Safety from Drug Reviews with Hybrid Machine Learning Approach

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第6期45卷 3053-3077页

作者： Ernesto Lee Furqan Rustam Hina Fatima shahzad Patrick Bernard Washington Abid Ishaq Imran Ashraf Department of Computer Science Broward CollegeBroward CountFloridaUSA Department of Computer Science Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Division of Business Administration and Economics Morehouse CollegeAtlantaGAUSA Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-si38541Korea

With the increasing usage of drugs to remedy different diseases,drug safety has become crucial over the past few *** medicine from several companies is offered for a single disease that involves the same/similar substances with slightly different *** diversification is both helpful and danger-ous as such medicine proves to be more effective or shows side effects to different *** clinical trials,side effects are reported when the medicine is used by the mass public,of which several such experiences are shared on social media platforms.A system capable of analyzing such reviews could be very helpful to assist healthcare professionals and companies for evaluating the safety of drugs after it has been *** analysis of drug reviews has a large poten-tial for providing valuable insights into these ***,this study proposes an approach to perform analysis on the drug safety reviews using lexicon-based and deep learning techniques.A dataset acquired from the‘***’contain-ing reviews of drug-related side effects and reactions,is used for experiments.A lexicon-based approach,Textblob is used to extract the positive,negative or neu-tral sentiment from the review *** classification is achieved using a novel hybrid deep learning model of convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory(CNN-LSTM)*** CNN is used at thefirst level to extract the appropriate features while LSTM is used at the second *** well-known machine learning models including logistic regression,random for-est,decision tree,and AdaBoost are evaluated using term frequency-inverse docu-ment frequency(TF-IDF),a bag of words(BoW),feature union of(TF-IDF+BoW),and lexicon-based *** analysis with machine learning models,long short term memory and convolutional neural network models,and state-of-the-art approaches indicate that the proposed CNN-LSTM model shows superior performance with an 0.96 *** also

关键词： Drug safety analysis lexicon-based techniques drug reviews sentiment analysis machine learning CNN-LSTM

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Why more research needs to be done on echinococcosis in Pakistan

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 786-790页

作者： Haroon Ahmed shahzad Ali Muhammad Sohail Afzal Abid Ali khan Hamid Raza Zaheer Hussain Shah Sami Simsek Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology(CIIT)Park RoadChak ShahzadIslamabadPakistan Department of Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Firat23119ElazigTurkey Department of Wildlife and Ecology University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan Department of Chemistry School of ScienceUniversity of Management and Technology(UMT)LahorePakistan School of Science University of Management and Technology(UMT)LahorePakistan

Background:Echinococcosis has a worldwide geographical distribution with endemic foci on every inhabited *** to the frequent outbreaks in different parts of Pakistan in the recent past,echinococcosis is being described as a neglected tropical disease and is considered one of the most neglected parasitic diseases in the *** endemic regions,predominantly settings with limited resources,there are high numbers of echinococcosis patients,as these communities do not have access to appropriate *** Pakistan,there are limited reports on *** disease is prevalent in human and livestock,but this has not been sufficiently explored *** is an agricultural country and due to the disease’s zoonotic mode of transmission,there is a dire need of future research on *** present paper is an effort to highlight the importance of echinococcosis in ***:There is a dire need for future research on echinococcosis in Pakistan as very few investigations had been carried out on this topic thus *** prevalence of the disease in neighbouring countries highlights that Pakistan might be at severe risk of this zoonotic infection and further supports the need for more *** Pakistan,the majority of the population lives in rural areas with limited acess to proper hygienic/sanitary *** conditions favour the outbreak of diseases such as *** limited available data could result in higher outbreaks in the future,and thus cause the already weak healthcare system to *** country has a meagre annual budget for health,which is being spent on known infections such as polio,dengue fever and hepatic viral infections.A proper surveillance system for echinococcosis is required across the country as treatment is usually expensive,complicated and may require extensive surgery and/or prolonged drug *** of new/novel drugs and other treatment modalities receives very little,if any,***

关键词： Pakistan Echinococcosis Neglected tropical diseases Research

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Omicron variants breakthrough infection elicited higher specific memory immunity than third dose booster in healthy vaccinees

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第2期38卷 233-243页

作者： Pei Yu Zijian Liu Zhuoqi Zhu Jiaqing Yang Min Deng Mingxiao Chen Changchun Lai Weiya Kong Shilong Xiong Li Wan Weikang Mai Lu Chen Yu Lei shahzad Akbar khan Jianfeng Ruan An Kang Xuguang Guo Qiang Zhou Wenrui Li Zheng Chen Yuemei Liang Pingchao Li Lei Zhang Tianxing Ji Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510535China Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department Dongguan Ninth People's HospitalDongguan523016China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department Maoming People's HospitalMaoming525000China Laboratory of Pathology Department of PathobiologyUniversity of Poonch Rawalakot Azad Kashmir Pakistan 12350Pakistan Hospital Infection-Control Department The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China Medical Examination Department The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510140China Kidney Transplant Department The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China Department of Organ Transplantation The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University510630China Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases KingMed School of Laboratory MedicineGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China

Homologous booster,heterologous booster,and Omicron variants breakthrough infection(OBI)could improve the humoral immunity against Omicron *** concerning about memory B cells(MBCs)and T cells immunity against Omicron variants,features of long-term immunity,after booster and OBI,needs to be ***,comparative analysis demonstrate antibody and T cell immunity against ancestral strain,Delta and Omicron variants in Omicron breakthrough infected patients(OBIPs)are comparable to that in Ad5-nCoV boosted healthy volunteers(HVs),higher than that in inactivated vaccine(InV)boosted ***,memory B cells(MBCs)immunity against Omicron variants was highest in OBIPs,followed by Ad5-nCoV boosted and InV boosted *** and Ad5-nCoV boosted HVs have higher classical MBCs and activated MBCs,and lower naïve MBCs and atypical MBCs relative to both vaccine boosted ***,these data indicate Omicron breakthrough infection elicit higher MBCs and T cells against SARS-CoV-2 especially Omicron variants relative to homologous InV booster and heterologous Ad5-nCoV booster.

关键词： Inactivated vaccine booster Ad5-nCoV booster Omicron variants breakthrough infection Memory immunity Binding antibody

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第6期73卷 158-166页

作者： Ammarah Raees Umer Farooq Muzamil Hussain Waseem Asghar khan Fozia Bashir Farooq Faculty of Computer Science and Software Engineering Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuai'anChina Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadPark Road Chak Shahzad Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of Sciences AIZulfiMajmaah UniversityA1 Majma'ah11952 Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadh 11432Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of the Poonch RawalakotRawalakot 12350Pakistan

The aspiration of this research is to explore the impact of non-similar modeling for mixed convection in magnetized second-grade nanofluid *** flow is initiated by the stretching of a sheet at an exponential rate in the upward vertical *** buoyancy effects in terms of temperature and concentration differences are inserted in the x-momentum *** aspects of heat and mass transfer are studied using dimensionless thermophoresis,Schmidt and Brownian motion *** governing coupled partial differential system(PDEs)is remodeled into coupled non-similar nonlinear PDEs by introducing non-similar *** numerical analysis for the dimensionless non-similar partial differential system is performed using a local non-similarity method via ***,the quantitative effects of emerging dimensionless quantities on the nondimensional velocity,temperature and mass concentration in the boundary layer are conferred graphically,and inferences are drawn that important quantities of interest are substantially affected by these *** is concluded that non-similar modeling,in contrast to similar models,is more general and more accurate in convection studies in the presence of buoyancy effects for second-grade non-Newtonian fluids.

关键词： non-similar modeling second-grade fluid exponentially stretching surface local non-similarity bvp4c

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Endophytes from medicinal plants and their potential for producing indole acetic acid, improving seed germination and mitigating oxidative stress

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2017年第2期18卷 125-137页

作者： Abdul Latif khan Syed Abdullah GILANI Muhammad WAQAS Khadija AL-HOSNI Salima AL-KHIZIRI Yoon-Ha KIM Liaqat ALI Sang-Mo KANG Sajjad ASAF Raheem shahzad Javid HUSSAIN In-Jung LEE Ahmed AL-HARRASI UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products University of Nizwa Nizwa 616 Oman Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry University of Nizwa Nizwa 616 Oman School of Applied Biosciences Kyungpook National University Daegu 702-701 Korea Department of Agriculture Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Mardan 23200 Pakistan Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

Medicinal plants have been used by marginal communities to treat various ailments. However, the potential of endophytes within these bio-prospective medicinal plants remains unknown. The present study elucidates the endophytic diversity of medicinal plants（Caralluma acutangula, Rhazya stricta, and Moringa peregrina） and the endophyte role in seed growth and oxidative stress. Various organs of medicinal plants yielded ten endophytes, which were identified as Phoma sp.（6 isolates）, Alternaria sp.（2）, Bipolaris sp.（1）, and Cladosporium sp.（1） based on 18 S rD NA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The culture filtrates（CFs; 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations） from these endophytes were tested against the growth of normal and dwarf mutant rice lines. Endophytic CF exhibited dose-dependent growth stimulation and suppression effects. CF（100%） of Phoma sp. significantly increased rice seed germination and growth compared to controls and other endophytes. This growth-promoting effect was due to the presence of indole acetic acid in endophytic CF. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry（GC/MS） analysis showed the highest indole acetic acid content（（54.31±0.21） μmol/L） in Bipolaris sp. In addition, the isolate of Bipolaris sp. exhibited significantly higher radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activity than the other isolates. Bipolaris sp. and Phoma sp. also exhibited significantly higher flavonoid and phenolic contents. The medicinal plants exhibited the presence of bio-prospective endophytic strains, which could be used for the improvement of crop growth and the mitigation of oxidative stresses.

关键词： Fungal endophytes Diversity Medicinal plants Antioxidants Indole acetic acid

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Dengue outbreak in Swat and Mansehra,Pakistan 2013;an epidemiological and diagnostic perspective

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第4期9卷 371-375页

作者： Muhammad Suleman Rani Faryal Uzma Bashir Aamir Muhammad Masroor Alam Nadia Nisar Salmaan Sharif shahzad Shaukat Adnan Khurshid Mehar Angez Massab Umair Ghulam Mujtaba Mian Muhammad Sufian Yasir Arshad Lubna Rehman Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi Department of Microbiology.Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Virology National Institute of Health

Objective:To High light some epidemiological,clinical and diagnostic features of dengue fever during an outbreak and the role of different diagnostic techniques to achieve the highest level of accuracy in ***:Blood samples(n=323) were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from suspected dengue patients who visited different hospitals in Swat and Mansehra district of Pakistan between May-November 2013 during a dengue *** were tested for the detection of viral nucleic acid by real-lime *** structural protein-1(NS1antigen and IgM antibodies by ***:Out of 323 cases with clinical dengue infection,304 were positive by one or more diagnostic parameter:201 samples were positive by real-time PCR,209 were positive by NS1 ELISA and 190 were positive by IgM *** of real-time PCR and NS1 *** were comparable for early diagnosis of dengue virus *** antibody detection assay was found useful for the diagnosis in the samples collected later than day 5 of ***:The use of real-lime PCR or detection of non stnictural protein NS 1 by ELISA followed by IgM antibodies detection can be recommended for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection with a high level of accuracy.

关键词： Dengue virus NS1 Antigen Pakistan Diagnosis Epidemiology Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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Knowledge,attitudes and practices related to cystic echinococcosis endemicity in Pakistan

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 44-58页

作者： Aisha khan Kashf Naz Haroon Ahmed Sami Simsek Muhammad Sohail Afzal Waseem Haider Sheikh Saeed Ahmad Sumaira Farrakh Wu Weiping Guan Yayi Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology(CIIT)Park RoadChakh ShahzadIslamabadPakistan Department of Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Firat23119 ElazigTurkey Department of Life Sciences University of Management and Technology(UMT)LahorePakistan Department of Echinococcosis National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of HealthWHO Collaborating Center of Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Researches on Tropical DiseasesMinistry of Science and Technology207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025China Center for Global Health National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of HealthWHO Collaborating Center of Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Researches on Tropical DiseasesMinistry of Science and Technology207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025China Department of Environmental Sciences Fatima Jinnah Women UniversityRawalpindiPakistan

Background:Cystic echinococcosis(CE)is a human and animal health problem in many endemic areas *** is considered a neglected zoonotic disease caused by the larval form(hydatid cyst)of Echinococcus *** are limited studies on echinococcosis in ***:A cross-sectional survey was conducted to find out recent knowledge,attitudes and practices on the occurrence of cystic echinococcosis in butchers and dog owners in both urban and rural areas of Rawalpindi/Islamabad regions,*** quantitative data was collected in the form of questionnaires to investigate the knowledge and awareness of CE among community members and their routine practices that were behind the factors involved in hydatid cyst *** practices and infrastructure of abattoirs/butcher shops and their role in transmission of cystic echinococcosis were also evaluated in the present ***:The participants involved in the study were dog owners and people who kept animals.A total of 400 people were interviewed and 289 questionnaires were *** results showed that only 4.1%of people have heard about the disease,and 58.1%were closely associated with ***-three percent of dogs in study area were consuming uncooked organs(***,lung,etc.)of slaughtered animals,while 100%of dogs at butcher shops were consuming uncooked *** slaughtering was common in 20.06%.Among butchers,32.3%had heard about zoonoses and 7.61%knew about *** statistical analysis showed that there was highly significant difference(P<0.05)among most of the practices that were associated with the prevalence of ***:It was concluded from the present study that,the knowledge and awareness of CE among people of Rawalpindi/Islamabad were *** of dogs and poor knowledge of CE among community members and butchers,the transmission of echinococcosis is ***,there is urgent need to strengthen awareness and health education among people,as well as p

关键词： Cystic Echinococcosis People Knowledge Awareness Practice Risk Pakistan

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Epidemiological Analysis of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Outbreaks in Pakistan

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2014年第6期2卷 18-26页

作者： Aamer Bin Zahur Aman Ullah Hamid Irshad Asma Latif Riasat Wasee Ullah Muhammad Jahangir Muhammad Afzal Shahid Ali khan Sarosh Majid Salaria Animal Health Research Laboratories Animal Sciences Institute National Agricultural Research Centre Park Road Chak Shahzad Islamabad Pakistan FAO-UN Pakistan (GCP/PAK/127/USA) NARC Park Road Islamabad Pakistan Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir

The current study reports the outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in the small ruminant population of Pakistan. The objectives were to understand the clinical picture of disease under field conditions, estimate the basic epidemiological parameters for the local population of small ruminants and to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of PPR during 2005 to 2007 in Pakistan. A total of 62 outbreaks were investigated among sheep and goat flocks in the five provinces of Pakistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK). The PPR virus activity in these outbreaks was demonstrated by clinical picture and presence of PPR virus specific antibodies by employing cELISA. The combined estimates of mean cumulative morbidity and mortality for sheep and goats were estimated 65.37% and 26.51% respectively with a case fatality of 40.40%. The species specific mean cumulative morbidity, mortality and case fatality for goats were 68.80%, 29.45% and 42.75% respectively, while these estimates for sheep were 48.77%, 14.98% and of 26.16% respectively. These estimates for goats were significantly higher (P < 0.001 to P = 0.001) than those for sheep. It was concluded that PPR is wide spread throughout the country and epidemiological picture suggest that disease has established as an endemic infection in the country.

关键词： PPR Sheep Goat Cumulative Morbidity Cumulative Mortality Case Fatality

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Epidemiological Analysis of Peste des Petits Ruminants(PPR) Outbreaks in Pakistan

Epidemiological Analysis of Peste des Petits Ruminants(PPR) ...

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2014 Conference on Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases(EID2014) & The Healthy and Active Aging Conference(HAAC2014)

The current study reports the outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants(PPR) in the small ruminant population of Pakistan. The objectives were to understand the clinical picture of disease under field conditions, estimate the basic epidemiological parameters for the local population of small ruminants and to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of PPR during 2005 to 2007 in Pakistan. A total of 62 outbreaks were investigated among sheep and goat flocks in the five provinces of Pakistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir(AJK). The PPR virus activity in these outbreaks was demonstrated by clinical picture and presence of PPR virus specific antibodies by employing c ELISA. The combined estimates of mean cumulative morbidity and mortality for sheep and goats were estimated 65.37% and 26.51% respectively with a case fatality of 40.40%. The species specific mean cumulative morbidity, mortality and case fatality for goats were 68.80%, 29.45% and 42.75% respectively, while these estimates for sheep were 48.77%, 14.98% and of 26.16% respectively. These estimates for goats were significantly higher(P < 0.001 to P = 0.001) than those for sheep. It was concluded that PPR is wide spread throughout the country and epidemiological picture suggest that disease has established as an endemic infection in the country.

关键词： PPR,Sheep,Goat,Cumulative Morbidity,Cumulative Mortality,Case Fatality

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