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Conserving natural resources through food loss reduction: Production and consumption stages of the food supply chain

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 331-339页

作者： shahla m.wunderlich Natalie m.martinez Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Montclair State UniversityNJUSA

Globally, attention has been drawn to the increasingly alarming rates of food loss and waste (FLW) along the food supply chain (FSC) and its contributions to the depletion of the natural resources and rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Within the past decade, discovery of the rippling impacts of this interrelationship has generated an increased sense of urgency in efforts amongst scholars, global leaders, government and non-government agencies to research, and formulate comprehensive plans and goals to address and reduce the rates of global FLW. Not only does FLW lessen the quantity of available food, but also, the availability of the many natural resources required to produce food. This will become an important factor when the world population increases by more than 30% by the year 2050. Although advances have been made, still 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted every year due to various underlying causes and challenges. This enormous quantity of wasted food also represents an increase in usage of natural resources. In the United States (U.S.), food and agriculture consume up to 16% of energy, almost half of the land, and account for 67% of the nation's freshwater use (NRDC, 2017). The rate of natural resource depletion is not sustainable, and it endangers the ecosystem. multiple reports have cited the first and last stages of the FSC as the most significant contributors of FLW and environmental resource depletion. This literature review attempts to provide a comprehensive assessment of the intricacies of the FSC, the multi-variable causes of global FLW at the production and consumption stages, its environmental implications and the necessary sustainability compliant actions.

关键词： Global sustainability Food loss and waste Food security Environmental impact Sustainable food future Food supply chain Natural resources

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Acoustics in urban parks:Does the structure of narrow urban parks matter in designing a calmer urban landscape?

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第3期14卷 512-521页

作者： shahla Tashakkor Atefeh Chamani mozhgan Ahmadi Nadoushan minoo moshtaghie Environmental Sciences Department Isfahan(Khorasgan)BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahan81595-158Iran

Urban parks can function as a proper sink of noise ***,lack of universally-agreed upon methodologies and differing urban conditions have fueled controversy surrounding the effectuation of this urban park function around the ***,to address this controversy in narrow urban parks(with a mean width of∼109 m)in Isfahan City,Central Iran,noise levels(Lq30)were measured along two longitudinal transects placed along the interior northern river-and adjacent to the southern edge of the parks bordered by a heavily-conjected *** used statistical tests and models to determine the association of noise levels measured along the northern transect with the distance to,and the intensity of noise emitted from,the road,vegetation biomass,and vegetation height within two 50 and 100 m buffer rings drawn around northern sites and the richness of bird *** average Lq30 values differed significantly between the southern(∼73.21 dB)and northern(∼66.43 dB)transects and correlated negatively with species richness(r(98)=−0.324,pmean NDVIwithin the 100 m buffer ring,distance from the road and mean Lq30 values of the nearest three southern sites were included to build the best predictive multiple-linear regression model through the step-wise procedure with r2 of *** findings suggest that further attempts aiming to alleviate the parks’interior noise level should be attentive to distance to road,traffic at the nearest road part,and the interior vegetation characteristics.

关键词： noise pollution multiple-linear regression NDVI vegetation height Isfahan

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Spatial variability of soil development indices and their compatibility with soil taxonomic classes in a hilly landscape: a case study at Bandar village, Northern Iran

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山地科学学报（英文） 2016年第10期13卷 1746-1759页

作者： maryam OSAT Ahmad HEIDARI mostafa KARImIAN EGHBAL shahla mAHmOODI Soil Science Department Agriculture and Natural Resources College University Of Tehran Soil Science Department College of Agriculture Tarbiat Modares University

Soil complexity and its multivariable nature restrict the precision of soil maps that are essential tools for soil sustainable management. most methods developed for reducing impurities of soil map units focus on soil external properties. Taking into account the soil internal properties like geochemical weathering indices could increase the map unit's purity. However, the compatibility of these indices with Soil Taxonomic Classes has not been studied yet. This study has been performed in a hilly region with different soil types, vegetation and diverse topographic attributes to illustrate the spatial variability of soil weathering indices and their compatibility with Soil Taxonomic Classes. The grid sampling is at 100 m interval. Physico-chemical and total elemental analyses were performed on 184 and 56 soil samples respectively. Eight topographic attributes and 14 common soil development indices were determined. Principal components analysis(PCA) was done to identify the most important components. The results indicated that morphological Index(mI) was the best index to show the degree ofsoil development in the studied region. Spatial distribution of Soil Taxonomic Classes showed relatively good compatibility with the first principal component(PC1), Vogt(V) and morphological indices. This study showed that using soil development indices with the conventional methods could be helpful tools in soil survey investigations.

关键词： Soil formation Spatial variability Weathering Topographic attributes

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Potentially harmful metals,and health risk evaluation in groundwater of mardan,Pakistan:Application of geostatistical approach and geographic information system

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 597-608页

作者： Abdur Rashid muhammad Ayub Asif Javed Sardar Khan Xubo Gao Chengcheng Li Zahid Ullah Tariq Sardar Juma muhammad shahla Nazneen School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074PR China Department of Botany Hazara University 21300 Pakistan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Bahria University Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Kohat University of Science and TechnologyPakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University SherngalPakistan

This study investigates the values of pH,total dissolved solids(TDS),elevation,oxidative reduction potential(ORP),temperature,and depth,while the concentrations of Br,and potentially harmful metals(PHms)such as Cr,Ni,Cd,mn,Cu,Pb,Co,Zn,and Fe in the groundwater ***,geographic information system(GIS),XLSTAT,and IBm SPSS Statistics 20 software were used for spatial distribution modeling,principal component analysis(PCA),cluster analysis(CA),and Quantile-Quantile(Q-Q)plotting to determine groundwater pollution sources,similarity index,and normal distribution reference line for the selected *** mean values of pH,TDS,elevation,ORP,temperature,depth,and Br were 7.2,322 mg/L,364 m,188 mV,29.6℃,70 m,0.20 mg/L,and PHms like Cr,Ni,Cd,mn,Cu,Pb,Co,Zn,and Fe were 0.38,0.26,0.08,0.27,0.36,0.22,0.04,0.43 and 0.86 mg/L,*** including Cr(89%),Cd(43%),mn(23%),Pb(79%),Co(20%),and Fe(91%)exceeded the guideline values set by the world health organization(WHO).The significant R^(2)values of PCA for selected parameters were also determined(0.62,0.67,0.78,0.73,0.60,0.87,-0.50,0.69,0.70,0.74,-0.50,0.70,0.67,0.79,0.59,and-0.55,respectively).PCA revealed three geochemical processes such as geogenic,anthropogenic,and reducing *** mineral phases of Cd(OH)_(2),Fe(OH)_(3),FeOOH,mn_(3)O_(4),Fe_(2)O_(3),mnOOH,Pb(OH)_(2),mn(OH)_(2),mnO_(2),and Zn(OH)_(2)(-3.7,3.75,9.7,-5.8,8.9,-3.6,2.2,-4.6,-7.7,-0.9,and 0.003,respectively)showed super-saturation and under-saturation *** risk assessment(HRA)values for PHms were also calculated and the values of hazard quotient(HQ),and hazard indices(HI)for the entire study area were increased in the following order:Cd>Ni>Cu>Pb>mn>Zn>*** higher HQ and HI values of Ni,Cd,Pb,and Cu were greater than one showing unsuitability of groundwater for domestic,agriculture,and drinking *** long-term ingestion of groundwater could also cause severe health concerns such as kidney,brain dysfunction,liv

关键词： Groundwater Potential harmful metals Health risk indices Cluster analysis mineral phases

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Study of the Prevalence of Hypertension and Complications of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy

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Open Journal of Preventive medicine 2014年第11期4卷 860-867页

作者： shahla Khosravi Soheila Dabiran m. Lotfi mohammad Asnavandy Reproductive Health and Community medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Reproductive Health and Community medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Islamic Azad University of Varamin Varamin Iran

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the common problems associated with pregnancy that may be followed by eclampsia, acute renal failure, maternal death, premature delivery, intra-uterine growth restriction and other. This study was conducted to determine the results of pregnancies associated with hypertension in patients visiting in the Delivery Ward of Valiasr Hospital. methods: A descriptive study was conducted on all the patients admitted to the aforementioned department and who possessed the inclusion criteria for hypertensive pregnancy. Results: Among the 1694 delivery cases examined, 173 cases had hypertension (9.8%). Among these, 75 (45%) had gesta-tional hypertension;24 (14.8%) had preeclampsia-eclampsia;30 (18%) had preeclampsia su-perimposed on chronic hypertension;21 (13.5%) cases had chronic hypertension;and 13 (8%) had pregnancy-aggravated chronic hypertension. Ninety-six point three percent (96.3%) had a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 140 - 190 mmHg, and 3.7% had a systolic BP greater than 190 mmHg. Whereas 61.1% of diastolic blood pressure 90 - 110 mmHg and 38.9% of the mothers had diastolic BP greater than 110 mmHg. The HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes & Low Platelet count) syndrome was present in 4.9% of cases;52.6% experienced premature delivery;7.4% had IUFD (intra uterine fetal death);9.9% had IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation);and 17.3% had LBW babies. Conclusions: Based on our results, hypertensive mothers who are younger and have lower weight babies at birth experience more perinatal complications. The unpleasant effects of hypertension in pregnancy warrant the need for training, routine prenatal care, the early detection and treatment of hypertension at younger ages of pregnancy, and follow-up after delivery.

关键词： Hypertension Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Preeclampsia Eclampsia Chronic Hypertension

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Upper mediastinal and paratracheal node dissection in total (pharyngo) laryngectomy, it is really indicated?

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2011年第4期1卷 185-188页

作者： Didier Dequanter m. shahla P. Paulus P. Lothaire 不详

Introduction: Advanced laryngeal and hypopharyn- geal cancers are aggressive tumors with a poor prog- nosis. multiple lymph node metastases often occur in the neck as well as in the upper mediastinum and thus upper mediastinal dissection is crucial to im- proving the cure rate. However, excessive mediastinal dissection can increase postoperative morbidity and mortality making it important to employ the proper technique and appropriate extent of dissection. In the present study, we aimed to determine the need and the prognostic importance of mediastinal dissection in patients with advanced carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. methods: A retrospective review of the records of 30 patients who underwent (phar- ynxgo) laryngectomy for advanced squamous cell carcinomas was done. 17 patients had laryngeal car- cinomas, 13 had hypopharyngeal carcinomas. The mediastinal dissection was designed to remove mainly the paratracheal and retrooesophageal lymph nodes. Results: 60 neck dissections and 30 mediastinal dis- section were performed in 30 patients and yielded positive nodes were found in 20/30 patients. Neck nodes were positive in 9/17 of the patients with la-ryngeal cancer and 11/13 of the patients with hypo- pharyngeal cancers respectively. Positive nodes were detected in the neck regardless of T stage. The medi- astinal nodes were positive in 0% of the patients with laryngeal cancer. Upper mediastinal metastases were detected positive in 6/13 of the hypopharyngeal pa-tients. In these patients, mediastinal metastases were associated with tumors greater than 35 mm. The ma- jority of positive paratracheal nodes were less than 1 cm in diameter and appeared negative preoperatively. 0% of the patients had positive paratracheal nodes alone in a histologically negative cervical neck dissec-tion Regarding the appropriate extent of dissection, no major complications were observed. Conclusions: There is little controversy about neck dissection in advanced tumors of the (pha

关键词： Advanced Head and Neck Cancer mediastinal Dissection Hypopharynx

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Salvage surgery after failure of non surgical therapy for advanced head and neck cancer

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2011年第4期1卷 189-194页

作者： Didier Dequanter N. Vercruysse m. shahla P. Paulus Ph. Lothaire 不详

Introduction: for organ and function preservation, chemoradiotherapy is gaining popularity for primary treatment of advanced head and neck cancer, re- serveing surgery for salvage. methods: Retrospective outcome analysis to determine the results of salvage surgery after failure of primary treatment of advan- ced head and neck cancer by chemoradiotherapy. 104 patients with advanced head and cancer were initially treated by chemoradiotherapy. Follow-up was evalu- ated in 27 patients undergoing salvage surgery for re- current tumor (larynx n = 13;oral cavity n = 9;hypo- pharynx n = 5). The initial tumor is stage T3 in 11 cases and T4 in 16 cases. 10 patients had primary tumors stage III and 17 patients had tumors stage IV. Results: One postoperative death occured following surgery. The overall incidence of complications was 9/ 27 (%). Recurrent disease developed at the primary initially treated in 25 cases and in the neck in 2 cases after a mean follow-up of 11 months (3 - 136 months). After salvage surgery, loco-regional recurrence and/ or distant disease developed in 10/27 patients after a mean follow-up of 4 months. 6/10 (60%) patients died after re-recurrence despite salvage chemotherapy. Conclusion: Salvage surgery after failure of initial chemoradiotherapy is burdened with high morbi- dity and bad oncological outcome. We demonstrated that it is difficult to salvage locally recurrent head and neck cancer especially at more advanced T-stages or when tumor recur. The limited effect of surgical salvage for recurrent tumor need to be addressed when choosing the initial treatment plan.

关键词： Head And Neck Cancer Salvage Surgery Advanced Disease

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Competing Causes of Death in 138 Patients with Loco-Regionally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Treated with multi-modality Treatment

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2015年第5期6卷 423-427页

作者： D. Dequanter m. shahla C. Aubert Y. Deniz P. Lothaire Department of Head and Neck Surgery CHU Charleroi Montigny le Tilleul Belgium

Introduction: The goal of this study was to analyze the causes of death in patients with loco-regionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of the head and neck treated with multimodality treatment. materiel: The mortality records of 138 advanced head and neck patients treated in our department with surgery and adjuvant (chemo) radiotherapy from 2007 to 2013 were collected and reviewed in this study.?Results: From may 2007 to January 2013, 138 patients were followed up with a median follow-up duration of 25 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) were 45%, and 56.1%, respectively. A total of 39 patients (28%) died during the follow-up period. Clearly, in this population, loco-regional relapse accounted for one of the most cause of death but acute and late or chronic treatment-associated causes leading to death occurred in almost 8% of the patients. Furthermore, the risk of death from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was greater in patients with hypopharynx cancer. Univariate analysis indicated that patients with N2b disease and above and vascular tumor embolism had a lower overall survival (p = 0.001 and p = 0.007 respectively). The multivariate analysis showed that N2b disease and above was an independent prognostic factor for poorer loco-regional control (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with surgery and adjuvant (chemo) radiotherapy are potentially curable but face significant risks of mortality from causes other than disease progression.

关键词： mortality in Treated Head and Neck Patients Advanced Head and Neck Disease Surgical Resection (Chemo) Radiotherapy

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Abundance and Fluctuation in Spider Diversity in Citrus Fruits from Located in Vicinity of Faisalabad Pakistan

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2016年第2期23卷 59-64页

作者： maqsood I mohsin S B Li Yi-jing Tang Li-jie Saleem K m Khalil U R shahla A Aoun Bukhari S S Jamal College of Veterinary medicine Northeast Agricultural University Department of Wild Life and Fisheries Government College University College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural University Department of Entomology University of Punjab School of management Harbin Institute of Technology

Spiders for the present study were collected from different fruit gardens（i.e. citrus） located at various localities（i.e., Tehsil Samundri, Jaranwala, Tandlianwala and Faisalabad） of District Faisalabad, Pakistan. Spiders belonging to six families and 33 species were captured from the two fruit gardens during the one year of this study. The citrus fruits garden was found to be best populated habitat as compared to other fruit garden. These sites were sampled by using pitfall traps; each month for five consecutive days from September 2010 to march 2011. As a result, 1 054 specimens were captured representing six families viz： lycosidae, thomosidae, gnaphosidae, saltisidae, araneidae and clubionidae. Lycosidae was more abundant, while clubionidae was less diverse during the study. maximum population fluctuation among the spider specimens showed during the months from September and October, while the least abundance of spider specimens was reordered during June, November and December. maximum taxonomic diversity was recorded from September to November, with the peak in September. It was concluded during these three months, when the citrus and guava gardens were attacked by the most of the pest insects. During the months of July and November diversity was moderate and mutually comparable, while in June and December, it was the least. This study contributed to the identification of spider diversity in the agro-ecosystem which could be used in the biological pest control.

关键词： diversity spider citrus population Pakistan gardens

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