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Knowledge and practice of periodic abstinence among women in India

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013年第4期3卷 338-341页

作者： begum shahina Dwivedi Sada Nand Mittal Suneeta Pandey Arvind All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health Mumbai India National Institute of Medical Statistics New Delhi India

The use of contraceptive method to avoid pregnancy is a multifaceted phenomenon. Worldwide, 20 percent of married women of reproductive age are currently using periodic abstinence. To assess the knowledge and practice of periodic abstinence among currently married pregnant women, data were collected from the pregnant women attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. One thousand three hundred and thirty one (1331) currently married pregnant women were interviewed face-to-face. Approximately 29.3 percent of women were aware of the abstinence method, 11.5 percent women had history of using it. In-depth finding shows that 84.9 percent women did not have correct knowledge of fertile window of a menstrual cycle. Counseling about the correct fertile window of a menstrual cycle may increase the effectiveness of methods and hence reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancies.

关键词： Contraceptive Natural Method Rhythm Safe Period Method Traditional Method

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Community effects on public health in India: A hierarchical model

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Health 2012年第8期4卷 526-536页

作者： Sada Nand Dwivedi shahina begum Alok Kumar Dwived Arvind Pandey Department of Biostatistics All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi India National Institute of Medical Statistics Indian Council of Medical Research New Delhi India

The data on any aspect of public health, including that on infant mortality, has inbuilt hierarchical structure. Using traditional regression approach in data analysis, i.e., ignoring hierarchical structure, either at micro (individual) or at macro (community) level will be avoiding desired assumption related to independence of records. Accordingly, this may result into distortion in the results due to probable underestimation of standard error of the regression coefficients. To be more specific, an irrelevant co-variate may emerge as an important covariate leading to inappropriate public health implications. To overcome this problem, the objective of the present work was to deal with multilevel analysis of the data on infant mortality available under second round of National family Health Survey and notify changes in results under traditional regression analysis that ignores hierarchical structure of data. This method provides more accurate results leading to meaningful public health implications. In addition, estimation of variability at different levels and their covariance are also obtained. The results indicate that the community (e.g., state) level characteristics still have major role regarding infant mortality in India. Further, if computational facilities are available, multilevel analysis may be preferred in dealing with data involving hierarchical structure leading to accurate results having meaningful public health implications.

关键词： Community Effects Public Health Multilevel Analysis Hierarchical Model Traditional Regression Model

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Determinants of infant mortality in rural India: A three-level model

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Health 2013年第11期5卷 1742-1749页

作者： Sada Nand Dwivedi shahina begum Alok Kumar Dwivedi Arvind Pandey Department of Biostatistics All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi India Department of Biostatistics All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi India National Institute of Medical Statistics Indian Council of Medical Research New Delhi India

Taking into account the hierarchical structure of the data, through two-level analysis on infant mortality available under second round of National family Health Survey, the same group of authors recently reported determinants of infant mortality while examining possible changes in results under traditional regression analysis that ignores hierarchical structure of data. They reported that the community (e.g., state) level characteristics still have a major role regarding infant mortality in India. For better epidemiological understanding, the present study is to assess determinants of infant mortality in rural India, where three level considerations were possible. The results indicate that even after consideration of these covariates, variation in infant mortality remains significant not only between States but also between Districts. Further, as an additional observation, the probability of infant mortality is still high in rural areas of districts having health facility beyond three kilometers than their counterparts.

关键词： Infant Mortality Hierarchical Structure National Family Health Survey State Level District Level Public Health Multilevel Logistic Regression Traditional Logistic Regression

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Synthesis, Spectroscopy and X-Ray Crystal Structure of 9-Methyl-3-Thiophen-2-Yl-Thieno [3, 2-e] [1, 2, 4] Triazolo [4, 3-c] Pyrimidine-8-Carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2011年第3期2卷 371-375页

作者： Nikhath Fathima Mohamed Ziaulla Afshan Banu Shridhar Ishwar Panchamukhi Imtiyaz Ahmed Khazi Noor shahina begum 不详

The Preparation of 9-Methyl-3-thiophen-2-yl-thieno [3, 2-e] [1, 2, 4] triazolo [4, 3-c] pyrimi-dine-8-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is described. Elemental analysis, IR spectrum, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and X-ray crystal structure analyses were carried out to determine the composition and molecular structure of the title compound. There are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit exhibiting intermolecular C-H…N, C-H…O interactions with additional π-π interaction that further helps in stabilizing the supramolecular structure. The results showed that the proposed method for synthesis is simple, precise and accurate which was further confirmed by crystal structure analysis.

关键词： Thieno-Triazolo-Pyrimidine Derivative Characterization X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis C-H…N C-H…O and π-π Weak Interactions

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