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Comparative analysis of CO_(2)emissions and economic performance in the United States and China:Navigating sustainable development in the climate change era

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 239-255页

作者： Khalid Mehmood Syed Tauseef Hassan Xuchun Qiu shahid ali Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu 212013China Department of Trade and Finance Faculty of Economics and ManagementCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamycka 129PrahaZIP 16500Czechia School of Economics and Management Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu 241000China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China

Economic growth has brought a global climate change into the spotlight,and CO_(2)emissions demonstrate significant challenges in reducing environmental shifts ***,the United States and China contribute the largest amount of CO_(2)*** purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between different types of CO_(2)emissions and economic growth by using a modeling *** analyze total CO_(2)emissions,coal CO_(2)emissions,oil CO_(2)emissions,the global share of coal CO_(2)emissions,the global share of oil CO_(2)emissions,and economic *** study provides unique insights into how to simultaneously reduce CO_(2)emissions and sustain economic growth.A bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag(BARDL)simulation method is utilized to examine the long-and short-run effects of predictors on CO_(2)*** CO_(2)emissions are found to have a significant positive effect on economic growth in the short run but a negative impact on economic growth over the long run in the United *** United States needs to implement stronger measures to balance coal CO_(2)emissions with economic growth for sustainable *** contrast,oil CO_(2)emissions have positive effect for China in both the long run and short ***,China can continue to reduce CO_(2)emissions from oil while maintaining positive economic *** China’s policies promoting cleaner energy alternatives can be adapted and implemented to maintain a balance between economic growth and carbon *** study has valuable insights for policymakers seeking to balance economic growth with carbon reduction *** emphasizes the need to better understand the complex relationship between CO_(2)emissions and economic growth.

关键词： CO_(2)emission Sustainable development Climate change United States China BARDL

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Detection of Omicron Caused Pneumonia from Radiology Images Using Convolution Neural Network(CNN)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3743-3761页

作者： Arfat Ahmad Khan Malik Muhammad ali shahid Rab Nawaz Bashir Salman Iqbal Arshad Shehzad Ahmad shahid Javeria Maqbool Chitapong Wechtaisong College of Computing Khon Kaen UniverityKhon Kaen40000Thailand Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadVehari61100Pakistan Department of Petroleum&Gas Engineering University of Engineering&Technology54890Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department SBASSELahore University of Management SciencesLahore54890Pakistan School of Telecommunication Engineering Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand

COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has created social and economic disruption across *** ability of the COVID-19 virus to quickly mutate and transfer has created serious concerns across the *** is essential to detectCOVID-19 infection caused by different variants to take preventive measures *** existing method of detection of infections caused by COVID-19 and its variants is costly and *** impacts of theCOVID-19 pandemic in developing countries are very drastic due to the unavailability of medical facilities and infrastructure to handle the *** is the major symptom of COVID-19 *** radiology of the lungs in varies in the case of bacterial pneumonia as compared to COVID-19-caused *** pattern of pneumonia in lungs in radiology images can also be used to identify the cause associated with *** this paper,we propose the methodology of identifying the cause(either due to COVID-19 or other types of infections)of pneumonia from radiology ***,because different variants of COVID-19 lead to different patterns of pneumonia,the proposed methodology identifies pneumonia,the COVID-19 caused pneumonia,and Omicron caused pneumonia from the radiology *** fulfill the above-mentioned tasks,we have used three Convolution Neural Networks(CNNs)at each stage of the proposed *** results unveil that the proposed step-by-step solution enhances the accuracy of pneumonia detection along with finding its cause,despite having a limited dataset.

关键词： COVID-19 pneumonia radiology images omicron convolution neural network(CNN) microscopy

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Brain Tumor Segmentation using Multi-View Attention based Ensemble Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 5793-5806页

作者： Noreen Mushtaq Arfat Ahmad Khan Faizan Ahmed Khan Muhammad Junaid ali Malik Muhammad ali shahid Chitapong Wechtaisong Peerapong Uthansakul COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Campus45550Pakistan Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus54000Pakistan Virtual University of Pakistan Islamabad Campus45550Pakistan COMSATS University Islamabad Vehari Campus61100Pakistan

Astrocytoma IV or glioblastoma is one of the fatal and dangerous types of brain *** detection of brain tumor increases the survival rate and helps in reducing the fatality *** imaging modalities have been used for diagnosing by expert radiologists,and Medical Resonance Image(MRI)is considered a better option for detecting brain tumors as MRI is a non-invasive technique and provides better visualization of the brain *** of the challenging issues is to identify the tumorous region from the MRI scans *** segmentation is performed by medical experts,which is a time-consuming task and got chances of *** overcome this issue,automatic segmentation is performed for quick and accurate *** proposed approach is to capture inter-slice information and reduce the *** learning-based brain tumor segmentation techniques proved best among available segmentation ***,deep learning may miss some preliminary info while using MRI images during *** MRI volumes are volumetric,3D U-Net-based models are used but *** of multiple 2D U-Net predictions in axial,sagittal,and coronal views help to capture inter-slice *** approach may reduce the system ***,the Conditional Random Fields(CRF)reduce the predictions’false positives and improve the segmentation *** model is applied to Brain Tumor Segmentation(BraTS)2019 dataset,and cross-validation is performed to check the accuracy of *** proposed approach achieves Dice Similarity Score(DSC)of 0.77 on Enhancing Tumor(ET),0.90 on Whole Tumor(WT),and 0.84 on Tumor Core(TC)with reduced Hausdorff Distance(HD)of 3.05 on ET,5.12 on WT and 3.89 on TC.

关键词： Brain tumor deep learning detection conditional random field segmentation

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The insensitive mechanism of poultry to zearalenone:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 587-594页

作者： Kuntan Wu Chenxi Ren Yangfan Gong Xin Gao shahid ali Rajput Desheng Qi Shuai Wang Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Cargill Animal Nutrition Technology Application Center Bazhou065000China

Zearalenone(ZEN)is one of the most common contaminating mycotoxins and is mainly produced by Fusarium *** and its metabolites can interfere with estrogen function and affect animals'reproductive *** are most susceptible to ZEN,and ZEN is less harmful to poultry than to *** exact mechanism for the difference in susceptibility remains *** this review,we summarized some possible reasons for the relative insensitivity of poultry to ZEN,such as the lower total amount ofα-zearalenol(α-ZOL)and theα-ZOL-to-β-ZOL ratio which reduce the toxicity of ZEN to *** faster hepatic and enteric circulation,and excretion capacity in poultry can excrete more ZEN and its *** are other possible factors such as the transformation of intestinal microorganisms,differ-ences in hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases'activity,high estrogen levels,and low estrogen receptors affinity which can also cause poultry to be relatively insensitive to *** this review,we summarized the hazards,pollution status,metabolic pathways,and some measures to mitigate ZEN's ***,we discussed the possible mechanisms of low reproductive toxicity by ZEN in poultry.

关键词： Zearalenone Poultry Low sensitivity Metabolism Detoxification

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Abundance and Breeding of the Common Skittering Frog(Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis)and Bull Frog(Hoplobatrachus tigerinus)at Rawal Lake,Islamabad,Pakistan

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Asian Herpetological Research 2011年第4期2卷 245-250页

作者： Fozia TABASSUM Muhammad RAIS Maqsood ANWAR Tariq MEHMOOD Iftikhar HUSSAIN shahid ali KHAN Department of Wildlife Management Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

The population density and breeding of two frog species, i. e., the Skittering Frog （Euphlyctis eyanophlyctis） and the Bull Frog （Hoplobatrachus tigerinus） were studied at Rawal Lake, Islamabad, Pakistan, by using visual encounter method from September 2009 to August 2010. Mean population density for the two frogs was 1.55 ± 0.44 frogs per ha, with that for the Skittering Frog being 1.09 ± 0.33 frogs/ha and that of the Bull Frog 0.46 ± 0.11 frog/ha, respectively. It is concluded that both frog species are explosive breeders, i. e., their breeding activities were confined to the first showers of the monsoon season. The mean spawn weight of the Skittering Frog was 1.5 g with more than 1000 eggs in each spawn, while that of the Bull Frog was 0.26 g with less than 1000 eggs in a spawn. The spawning sites of the two species were investigated in detail. Generally, no threat to their populations was observed. However, the opening of the spillway of Rawal Dam following the torrential rain destroyed the breeding sites of the frogs. It is maintained that the event did not produce any significant impact on their populations and breeding as the two species were quite common.

关键词： Ranidae population status breeding habitat destruction

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An Innovative Approach Utilizing Binary-View Transformer for Speech Recognition Task

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 5547-5562页

作者： Muhammad Babar Kamal Arfat Ahmad Khan Faizan Ahmed Khan Malik Muhammad ali shahid Chitapong Wechtaisong Muhammad Daud Kamal Muhammad Junaid ali Peerapong Uthansakul COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Campus45550Pakistan Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus54000Pakistan COMSATS University Islamabad Vehari Campus61100Pakistan National University of Sciences&Technology Islamabad45550Pakistan Virtual University of Pakistan Islamabad Campus45550Pakistan

The deep learning advancements have greatly improved the performance of speech recognition systems,and most recent systems are based on the Recurrent Neural Network(RNN).Overall,the RNN works fine with the small sequence data,but suffers from the gradient vanishing problem in case of large *** transformer networks have neutralized this issue and have shown state-of-the-art results on sequential or speech-related ***,in speech recognition,the input audio is converted into an image using Mel-spectrogram to illustrate frequencies and *** image is classified by the machine learning mechanism to generate a classification ***,the audio frequency in the image has low resolution and causing inaccurate *** paper presents a novel end-to-end binary view transformer-based architecture for speech recognition to cope with the frequency resolution ***,the input audio signal is transformed into a 2D image using ***,the modified universal transformers utilize the multi-head attention to derive contextual information and derive different speech-related ***,a feedforward neural network is also deployed for *** proposed system has generated robust results on Google’s speech command dataset with an accuracy of 95.16%and with minimal *** binary-view transformer eradicates the eventuality of the over-fitting problem by deploying a multiview mechanism to diversify the input data,and multi-head attention captures multiple contexts from the data’s feature map.

关键词： Convolution neural network multi-head attention multi-view RNN self-attention speech recognition transformer

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Barley chitinase genes expression revamp resistance against whitefly (Bemisia Tabaci) in transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 90-100页

作者： BASHIR Samina YAQOOB Amina BASHIR Rohina BUKHARI Shanila shahid Naila AZAM Saira BAKHSH Allah HUSNAIN Tayyab shahid Ahmad ali RAO Abdul Qayyum Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the PunjabLahore 53700Pakistan Department of Botany Kinnaird College for Women UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Botany Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Institute of Botany University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan.

Background Chitinase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin,a major component of the exoskeleton of insects,including plant pests like *** present study aimed to investigate the expression of chemically synthesized barley ch1 and chi2 genes in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)through Agrobacterium-mediated ***-five putative transgenic cotton plants were obtained,out of which fifteen plants successfully survived and were shifted to the *** gene-specific primers,amplification of 447 bp and 401 bp fragments confirmed the presence of the ch1 and chi2 genes in five transgenic cotton plants of the T0 *** five plants were further evalu-ated for their mRNA expression *** T0 transgenic cotton plants with the highest mRNA expression level and better yield performance in field,were selected to raise their subsequent *** The T1 cotton plants showed the highest mRNA expression levels of 3.5-fold in P10(2)for the ch1 gene and 3.7-fold in P2(1)for the chi2 *** in situ hybridization(FISH)confirmed a single copy number of ch1 and chi2(hemizygous)on chromosome ***,the efficacy of transgenes on whitefly was evaluated through an insect bioassay,where after 96 h of infestation,mortality rates of whitefly were calculated to be 78%–80%in transgenic cotton *** number of eggs on transgenic cotton plants were calculated to be 0.1%–0.12 per plant compared with the non-transgenic plants where egg number was calculated to be 0.90–1.00 per *** Based on these findings,it can be concluded that the chemically synthesized barley chitinase genes(ch1 and chi2)have the potential to be effective against insects with chitin exoskeletons,including *** transgenic cotton plants expressing these genes showed increased resistance to whiteflies,resulting in reduced egg numbers and higher mortality rates.

关键词： Chitinase Cotton White fly Transgene Bioassay

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Target slinging of droplets with a flexible cantilever

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Droplet 2023年第3期2卷 79-89页

作者： Wei Fang Shun Wang Hu Duan shahid ali Tahir Kaixuan Zhang Lixia Wang Xi-Qiao Feng Meirong Song College of Science Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering MechanicsInstitute of Biomechanics and Medical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Control of the directional bounce of droplets impacting solid surfaces is crucial for many agricultural and industrial ***,for the universal impact process of raindrops on plant leaves,little is known about how the highly coupled and complicated fluid–structure interaction controls the postimpact motion of droplets and endows the leaves with tenacious ***,we report a leaf-like superhydrophobic cantilever to flexibly bounce droplets with well-defined directionality and *** theoretical modeling and three-dimensional fluid–solid coupling simulations,we find that the flexible cantilever significantly relieves the impacting forces of raindrops to reduce droplet fragmentation and enhance water *** results further uncover the scaling relations of the droplet bouncing direction with respect to Weber number and cantilever *** this technique,the seemed disorganized postimpact movements of droplets are programmable and predictable,achieving the goal of where to point and where to hit *** work advances the understanding of natural droplet impact phenomena,opens a new avenue for delicately controlling liquid motion in space with soft materials,and inspires a plethora of applications like soft robots to transport materials and energies,monitor plant growth as well as predict pathogen transmission in plants.

关键词： cantilever directional fragmentation

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Large Scale Fish Images Classification and Localization using Transfer Learning and Localization Aware CNN Architecture

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 2125-2140页

作者： Usman Ahmad Muhammad Junaid ali Faizan Ahmed Khan Arfat Ahmad Khan ArifUr Rehman Malik Muhammad ali shahid Mohd Anul Haq Ilyas Khan Zamil SAlzamil Ahmed Alhussen Bahria University Islamabad45550Pakistan COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad45550Pakistan University of Central Punjab Lahore54000Pakistan College of Computing Khon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen40000Thailand COMSATS University Islamabad Vehari61170Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Building an automatic fish recognition and detection system for largescale fish classes is helpful for marine researchers and marine scientists because there are large numbers of fish ***,it is quite difficult to build such systems owing to the lack of data imbalance problems and large number of *** solve these issues,we propose a transfer learning-based technique in which we use Efficient-Net,which is pre-trained on ImageNet dataset and fine-tuned on QuT Fish Database,which is a large scale ***,prior to the activation layer,we use Global Average Pooling(GAP)instead of dense layer with the aim of averaging the results of predictions along with having more information compared to the dense *** check the validity of our model,we validate our model on the validation set which achieves satisfactory ***,for the localization task,we propose an architecture that consists of localization aware block,which captures localization information for better prediction and residual connections to handle the over-fitting ***,the residual connections help the layer to combine missing information with the relevant *** addition,we use class weights and Focal Loss(FL)to handle class imbalance problems along with reducing false ***,class weights assign less weights to classes having fewer instances and large weights to classes having more number of *** the localization,the qualitative assessment shows that we achieve 57%Mean Intersection Over Union(IoU)on testing data,and the classification results show 75%precision,70%recall,78%accuracy and 74%F1-Score for 468 fish species.

关键词： Underwater species transfer learning k-nearest neighbors global average pooling efficientnet

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Probing the Efficiency of PPMG-Based Composite Electrolytes for Applications of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第3期30卷 262-283页

作者： Shakeel Ahmed Faizah Altaf Safyan Akram Khan Sumaira Manzoor Aziz Ahmad Muhammad Mansha shahid ali Ata-ur-Rehman Karl Jacob School of Material Science and Engineering Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nano-Photoelectric Magnetic MaterialsHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001China Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals31261 DhahranSaudi Arabia School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

PPMG-based composite electrolytes were fabricated via the solution method using the polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone blend reinforced with various contents of sulfonated inorganic *** acid was employed as the sulfonating agent to functionalize the external surface of the inorganic filler,i.e.,graphene *** proton conductivities of the newly prepared proton exchange membranes(PEMs)were increased by increasing the temperature and content of sulfonated graphene oxide(SGO),i.e.,ranging from 0.025 S/cm to 0.060 S/*** induction of the optimum level of SGO is determined to be an excellent route to enhance ionic *** single-cell performance test was conducted by sandwiching the newly prepared PEMs between an anode(0.2 mg/cm^(2) Pt/Ru)and a cathode(0.2 mg/cm^(2) Pt)to prepare membrane electrode assemblies,followed by hot pressing under a pressure of approximately 100 kg/cm^(2) at 60℃for 5–10 *** highest power densities achieved with PPMG PEMs were 14.9 and 35.60 mW/cm^(2) at 25℃and 70℃,respectively,at ambient pressure with 100%relative *** showed that the newly prepared PEMs exhibit good electrochemical *** results indicated that the prepared composite membrane with 6 wt%filler can be used as an alternative membrane for applications of high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Sulfonated graphene oxide Polyvinylpyrrolidone Solution casting Membrane electrode assembly Fuel cell performance

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