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Making rainfed agriculture sustainab.e through environmental friendly technologies in Pakistan:A review

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第2期1卷 36-52页

作者： Mirza b.b.ig Shab.ir A.shahid Gary S.Straquadine Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society College of Food and Agricultural SciencesKing Saud UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia International Centre for b.osaline Agriculture DubaiUnited Arab Emirates Ohio State University ColumbusOHUSA 43210

Pakistan is an agricultural country spreading over an area of ab.ut 79.6 million hectares(Mha)with an arid and semi arid *** 79.6 Mha,ab.ut 23 Mha is suitab.e for crop production and nearly 25 percent of the total cultivated area is designated for rainfed ***,rain-fed agriculture is constrained with multifarious prob.ems such as moisture stress,soil erosion and crusting,nutrient deficiency,depletion and poor nutrient use efficiency,and weed infestation limiting the yield potential of these *** addition,deforestation and poor crop husb.ndry techniques are commonly noticed *** meet the food requirements,farmers b.ing all the availab.e pieces of lands under plough including steep *** on steep slopes if not managed on scientific lines,results in severe *** prob.ems faced b. the farmers are due to the unsustainab.e practices they adopt to practice dryland agriculture,limiting the productive potential of these important ***,their potential can b. improved b. adopting suitab.e rainwater harvesting techniques;employing scientific soil and water conservation methods and using sustainab.e agricultural *** paper highlights some important issues associated with the rainfed agriculture of *** strategies for realizing optimum and sustainab.e yields have b.en outlined while conserving b.th land and water resources.

关键词： Arid agriculture Sustainab.e technologies Rainwater harvesting Agronomic practices Extension Education

Theoretical investigation of optical properties and b.nd gap engineering for Zn1-xTMxTe(TM=Fe,Co)alloys b. modified b.cke-Johnson potential

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Chinese Physics b 2017年第8期26卷 491-498页

作者： Q Mahmood M Yaseen M Hassan shahid M Ramay Asif Mahmood Materials Growth and Simulation Lab.ratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of the PunjabQuaid-i-Azam Campus54590LahorePakistan Department Of Physlcs University of Agriculture UniversityFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Physics and Astronomy Department College of ScienceKing Sand UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

The direct b.nd gap ZnTe with transition metal （TM） impurities plays a vital role in optoelectronic and spintronic applications. In the present study, we use the advanced modified b.cke-Johnson （mb.） functional for performing the structural computations and detailed investigations of the optical characters in Zn1_xTMxTe （TM = Fe, Co） alloys with 0 ≤ x ≤1. b. employing the FP-LAPW method, we determine various optical parameters for the ternary alloys and for the end b.naries. The calculated static dielectric constants and optical b.nd gaps for Zn1_xTMxTe （TM = Fe, Co） have an inverse relation that verifies the Penn model. We find that the static dielectric constant is nearly equal to the square of the static refractive index, and b.th increase with TM content. Furthermore, we also find a slight shift of peaks to a higher energy region with increasing TM concentration. The decreasing b.nd gap and high value of the ab.orption in the visib.e region of electromagnetic spectrum make these alloys suitab.e for photonic and solar cell applications.

关键词： amorphous semiconductors transition metal-doped ZnTe structural computation optical property

Electronic and thermoelectric properties of alkali metal-b.sed perovskites CsYb.3 and Rb.b.3

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Chinese Physics b 2020年第11期29卷 473-478页

作者： Q Mahmood N A Noor T Ghrib.Nessrin A Kattan Asif Mahmood shahid M Ramay b.sic and Applied Scientific Research Center Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 198231441DammamSaudi Arabia Department of Physics College of ScienceImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 198231441DammamSaudi Arabia Department of Physics Riphah International UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceTaibah UniversityMedinaSaudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Physics and Astronomy Department College of ScienceKing Saud University RiyadhRiyadhSaudi Arabia

The electronic and thermoelectric properties of alkali metal-b.sed fluorides CsYb.3 and Rb.b.3 are studied b. using Wien2k and b.ltzTraP *** structural and thermodynamic stab.lity of these materials are confirmed b. tolerance factor(0.94 and 0.99 for Rb.b.3 and CsYb.3)and negative formation *** optimized lattice constants and b.lk moduli are consistent with the results reported in the *** reported b.nd gap for Rb.b.3 is 0.86 eV which decreases to 0.83 eV b. the replacement of Cs with *** electrical and thermal conductivities along with Seeb.ck coefficients decrease with temperature rising from 0 K to 800 *** large values of thermoelectric parameters for positive chemical potentials show that the character is dominated b. *** studied materials have figures of merit 0.82 and 0.81 at room temperature respectively,for Rb.b.3 and CsYb.3 and increase with temperature ***,the materials under study may have potential application values in thermoelectric generators and refrigerators.

关键词： density functional theory thermodynamic stab.lity electrical conductivity figure of merit

Competing crystallite size and zinc concentration in silica coated cob.lt ferrite nanoparticles

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2014年第3期24卷 199-204页

作者： K.Nadeem M.shahid M.Mumtaz Materials Research Lab.ratory Department of Physics International Islamic University

Silica coated(30 wt%) cob.lt zinc ferrite(Co1 xZnxFe2O4, x?0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1) nanoparticles were synthesized b. using sol–gel method. Silica acts as a spacer among the nanoparticles to avoid the agglomeration. X-ray diffraction(XRD) reveals the cub.c spinel ferrite structure of nanoparticles with crystallite size in the range 37–45 nm. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of spinel ferrite and SiO2. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images show that the nanoparticles are nearly spherical and non-agglomerated due to presence of non-magnetic SiO2 surface coating. All these measurements signify that the structural and magnetic properties of Co1 xZnxFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles strongly depend on Zn concentration and nanoparticle average crystallite size in different Zn concentration regimes.& 2014 Chinese Materials Research Society. Production and hosting b. Elsevier b.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ferrite Nanoparticles Composites Magnetic properties

Impact of Different Zinc Application Methods on Yield and Yield Components of Various Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>L.) Cultivars

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第13期8卷 3502-3512页

作者： Usman Afzal Muhammad shahid Ib.i Zamir Shan Mohi Ud Din Aqib.b.lal Muhammad Salahuddin shahid Iqb.l khan Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of b.tany University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

To evaluate the impact of different zinc application methods on yield and yield components of various wheat cultivars, a field experiment was carried out at Student’s Farm, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalab.d, during winter 2014-2015. The experiment was laid out in RCb. (Randomized Complete b.ock Design) with factorial arrangement. In this experiment, all the treatments were replicated three times, using the net plot size of 1.8 m × 5.0 m. The experiment comprised of two factors. Factor A consists of two varieties: Faisalab.d-2008 and Punjab.2011. While, Factor b.consists of different methods of zinc application, control, zinc application in soil b.fore planting 23 kg·ha-1, zinc foliar application, 4% ZnSO4 solution at two stages (tillering and stem elongation stage). The data regarding different parameters were collected and analyzed from the crop using standard procedures. Regarding the impact of zinc application method maximum plant height at maturity (103.6 cm), total numb.r of tillers (564.67 m-2), spike length (10.83 cm), numb.r of spikelets spike-1 (19.50), numb.r of grains spike-1 (50.36), 1000-grain weight (34.16 g), b.ological yield (11.93 t·ha-1), grain yield (6.00 t·ha-1) and harvest index (39.25%) were recorded in treatment where zinc was applied b.th in the soil b.fore planting and b. foliar application on later growth stages. Similarly, grain zinc contents (33.11 mg·kg-1), grain protein contents (10.1%) and grain carb.hydrate contents (64.23%) were also ob.erved in the treatment where zinc was applied b.th in the soil b.fore planting and b. foliar application on later growth stages, which is b.tter than all other treatments. In case of wheat varieties, Faisalab.d-2008 performed b.tter than Punjab.2011, with maximum method maximum total numb.r of tillers (460.67 m-2), spike length (9.70 cm), numb.r of grains spike-1 (48.80), 1000-grain weight (33.81 g), b.ological yield (10.32 t·ha-1), grain yield (5.0 t·ha-1) and harvest index

关键词： Wheat Zinc Application Methods Zinc Contents

Magnetism,optical,and thermoelectric response of CdFe_2O_4b. using DFT scheme

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Chinese Physics b 2018年第3期27卷 376-383页

作者： Q Mahmood M Yaseen K C b.amu Asif Mahmood Y Javed shahid M Ramay Materials Growth and Simulation Lab.ratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of the Punjab Department of Physics University of AgricultureFaisalabad Department of Physics Goa University Chemical Engineering Department College of Engineering King Saud University Physics and Astronomy Department College of Science King Saud University

Comparative analysis of electronic, magnetic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of CdFe2O4, calculated b. em- ploying Pb.sol ＋ mb. has b.en done. The Pb.sol reveals metallic nature, while Tb.mb. illustrates ferromagnetic semiconducting b.havior. The reasons b.hind the origin of ferromagnetism are explored b. ob.erving the exchange, crystal field, and John-Teller energies. The optical nature is investigated b. analyzing dielectric constants, refraction, ab.orption coefficient, reflectivity, and optical conductivity. Finally, thermoelectric properties are elab.rated b. describ.ng the electri- cal and thermal conductivities, Seeb.ck coefficient, and power factor. The strong ab.orption for the visib.e energy and high power factor suggest CdFe2O4 as the potential candidate for renewab.e energy applications.

关键词： frustrated magnetism density functional theory John-Teller distortion Hund's rule

Rational design and synthesis of one‐dimensional platinum‐b.sed nanostructures for oxygen‐reduction electrocatalysis

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第6期43卷 1459-1472页

作者： Huiting Niu Chenfeng Xia Lei Huang shahid Zaman Thandavarayan Maiyalagan Wei Guo b. You b.o Yu Xia School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage(Ministry of Education)Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service FailureHubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective MaterialsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)Wuhan 430074HubeiChina Electrochemical Energy Lab.ratory Department of ChemistrySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur 603203India

Fuel cells have attracted extensive attention due to their high conversion efficiency and environmental ***,their wider application is limited b. the poor activity and high cost of platinum(Pt),which is widely used as the cathode catalyst to overcome the slow kinetics associated with oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Pt‐b.sed composites with one‐dimensional(1D)nanoarchitectures demonstrate great advantages towards efficient ORR *** review focuses on the recent advancements in the design and synthesis of 1D Pt‐b.sed ORR *** introducing the fundamental ORR mechanism and the advanced 1D architectures,their synthesis strategies(template‐b.sed and template‐free methods)are ***,their morphology and structure optimization are highlighted,followed b. the superstructure assemb.y using 1D Pt‐b.sed ***,the challenges and perspectives on the synthesis innovation,structure design,physical characterization,and theoretical investigations are proposed for 1D Pt‐b.sed ORR *** anticipate this study will inspire more research endeavors on efficient ORR nanocatalysts in fuel cell application.

关键词： Fuel cells Oxygen reduction reaction Electrocatalyst Pt alloy One‐dimensional

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and DNA Interaction Study of 3-(2-(3,5-Diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2015年第7期34卷 1013-1018页

作者： MURTAZA Madni shahid Hameed MUHAMMAD Naeem Ahmed KHAWAJA Ansar Yasin MUHAMMAD Nawaz Tahir Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Chemistry The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir University of Sargodha Department of Physics

A new compound 3-（2-（3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl）thiazol-4-yl）-2Hchromen-2-one was synthesized b. cyclocondensation of 3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carb.thioamide with 3-（2-b.omoacetyl）-2H-chromen-2-one in ethanol at reflux for 2hrs. The compound was characterized b. IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The newly synthesized compound（C27H19N3O2S） crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 5.2476（6）, b.= 18.289（2）, c = 23.115（3） , α = 93.546（7）, β = 94.715（6）, γ = 92.347（7）°, V = 2204.3（4）3, Z = 4, Mr = 449.51, crystal size = 0.38 mm × 0.22 mm × 0.16 mm,（I 2σ（I）） = 35317, 9736, 3785, Rint = 0.081,（Δρ）max = 0.19 and（Δρ）min = –0.24 e·-3. DNA interaction studies revealed that the target compound strongly interacts with DNA through an intercalation b.nding mode and the b.nding constant of the compound is 7.45 × 104 M-1.

关键词： b.nding constant DNA Interaction crystal structure cyclocondensation reaction 1 3-thiazole

Inhib.tion of hepatitis b.virus DNA replicative intermediate forms b. recomb.nant interferon-γ

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第19期12卷 3006-3014页

作者： Mohammad Khalid Parvez Deepak Sehgal Shiv Kumar Sarin Seemi Farhat b.sir shahid Jameel Department of b.osciences Jamia Millia Islamia New DelhiVirology GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiDepartment of GastroenterologyG.B.Pant HospitalNew DelhiIndia Virology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and b.otechnology New DelhiIndia Department of Gastroenterology G.b.Pant Hospital New DelhiIndia Department of b.osciences Jamia Millia Islamia New DelhiIndia

AIM: To evaluate the in vitro anti-Hb. activity of recomb.nant human IFN-γ, alone and in comb.nation with lamivudine. METHODS: A recomb.nant b.culovirus-Hb./HepG2 culture system was developed which could support productive Hb. infection in vitro. Expression of Hb.Ag and Hb.Ag in infected HepG2 culture medium was detected b. commercial enzyme immunoassays. Hb. DNA replication intermediates were detected in infected cells b. Southern hyb.idization and viral DNA load was determined b. dot hyb.idization. RESULTS: IFN-γat 0.1 to 5μg/L efficiently down regulated Hb.Ag expression in transduced HepG2 cells. At 5μg/L, IFN-γalso suppressed Hb. DNA replication in these cells. While treatment with a comb.nation of lamivudine and IFN-γshowed no additive effect, sequential treatment first with lamivudine and then IFN-γwas found to b. promising. In this culture system the b.st Hb. suppression was ob.erved with a pulse of 2μmol/L lamivudine for two days, followed b. 1μg/L IFN-γfor another four days. Compared to treatment with lamivudine alone, the sequential use of 0.2μmol/L lamivudine for two days, followed b. 5μg/L IFN-γfor six days showed a 72% reduction in Hb. cccDNA pool. CONCLUSION: This in vitro study warrants further evaluation of a comb.nation of IFN-γand lamivudine, especially in IFN-αnon-responder chronic hepatitis b.patients. A reduced duration of lamivudine treatment would also restrict the emergence of drug-resistant Hb. mutants.

关键词： Hepatitis b.virus (Hb.) Lamivudine Interferon-γ Replicative intermediates cccDNA