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Mixed epithelial endocrine neoplasms of the colon and rectum–An evolution over time:A systematic review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第34期26卷 5181-5206页

作者： Rani Kanthan Suresh Tharmaradinam Tehmina Asif shahid ahmed Selliah C Kanthan Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon S7N 0W8SKCanada Division of Oncology Saskatoon Cancer CentreSaskatoon S7N 0W8SKCanada Division of General Surgery University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon S7N 0W8SKCanada

BACKGROUND Mixed tumors of the colon and rectum,composed of a combination of epithelial and endocrine elements of benign and malignant potential are rare *** can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract and are often diagnosed *** they have been a well-documented entity in the pancreas,where the exocrine-endocrine mixed tumors have been known for a while,recognition and accurate diagnosis of these tumors in the colon and rectum,to date,remains a *** is further compounded by the different terminologies that have been attributed to these lesions over the years adding to increased confusion and ***,dedicated literature reviews of these lesions in the colon and rectum are inconsistent and are predominantly limited to case reports and case series of limited case ***,most of these tumors are high grade and of advanced stage,intermediate and low grade lesions of these mixed tumors are also increasingly been *** are no established independent consensus based guidelines for the therapeutic patient management of these unique *** To provide a comprehensive targeted literature review of these complex mixed tumors in the colon and rectum that chronicles the evolution over time with summarization of historical perspectives of terminology and to further our understanding regarding their pathogenesis including genomic landscape,clinicoradiological features,pathology,treatment,prognosis,the current status of the management of the primary lesions,their recurrences and *** A comprehensive review of the published English literature was conducted using the search engines PubMed,MEDLINE and GOOGLE *** following search terms[“mixed tumors colon”OR mixed endocrine/neuroendocrine tumor/neoplasm/lesion colon OR adenocarcinoma and endocrine/neuroendocrine tumor colon OR mixed adenocarcinoma and endocrine/neuroendocrine carcinoma colon OR Amphicrine tumors OR Collision tumors

关键词： Mixed epithelial endocrine neoplasms Mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma Mixed adeno neuro endocrine tumors Mixed neuroendocrine-non neuroendocrine neoplasms Colorectal

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Experimental Study on Heat Storage Properties Comparison of Paraffin/Metal Foams Phase Change Material Composites

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar ahmed Abid HUSSAIN Hanzla shahid Imran ALI Hafiz Muhammad ALI Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mechanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage *** thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal foam/PCM *** addition of metal foam in PCMs has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of *** this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCM composites were experimentally *** behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was *** was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin *** temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally *** comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat *** results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/metal foam composite temperature uniformity heat storage rate phase transition process

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Distinct roles but cooperative effect of TLR3/9 agonists and PD-1 blockade in converting the immunotolerant microenvironment of irreversible electroporation-ablated tumors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第12期18卷 2632-2647页

作者： Fatma Babikr Jiangbo Wan Aizhang Xu Zhaojia Wu shahid ahmed Andrew Freywald Rajni Chibbar Yue Wu Michael Moser Gary Groot Wenjun Zhang Bing Zhang Jim Xiang Saskatoon Cancer Center Saskatchewan Cancer AgencySaskatoonSKCanada Department of Oncology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada Department of Hematology Xinhua HospitalAffiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Pathology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada Department of Surgery University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada Department of Bioengineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada Biomedical Science and Technology Research Center Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina

Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a new cancer ablation technology,but methods to improve IRE-induced therapeutic immunity are only beginning to be *** developed a mouse model bearing large primary(300 mm^(3))and medium distant(100 mm^(3))EG7 lymphomas engineered to express ovalbumin(OVA)as a nominal tumor *** established experimental protocols including IRE alone and IRE combined with Toll-like receptor(TLR)3/9 agonists(poly I:C/CpG)(IRE+pIC/CpG),PD-1 blockade(IRE+PD-1 blockade),or both(IRE+Combo)to investigate therapeutic effects on primary and distant EG7 tumors and conversion-promoting effects on the immunotolerant tumor microenvironment(TME).We demonstrated that IRE alone simulated very weak OVA-specific CD8^(+)T cell responses and did not inhibit primary tumor ***+pIC/CpG synergistically stimulated more efficient OVA-specific CD8^(+)T cell responses and primary tumor growth inhibition than IRE+PD-1 ***+pIC/CpG played a major role in the modulation of immune cell profiles but a minor role in the downregulation of PD-L1 expression in the TME and vice versa for IRE+PD-1 ***+Combo cooperatively induced potent OVA-specific CD8^(+)T cell immunity and rescued exhausted intratumoral CD8^(+)T cells,leading to eradication of not only primary tumors but also untreated concomitant distant tumors and lung ***+Combo efficiently modulated immune cell profiles,as evidenced by reductions in immunotolerant type-2(M2)macrophages,myeloid-derived suppressor-cells,plasmacytoid dendritic cells,and regulatory T cells and by increases in immunogenic M1 macrophages,CD169^(+)macrophages,type-1 conventional dendritic cells,and CD8^(+)T cells,leading to conversion of immunotolerance in not only primary TMEs but also untreated distant ***+Combo also showed effective therapeutic effects in two breast cancer ***,our results suggest that IRE+Combo is a promising strategy to improve IRE ablation therapy in cancer.

关键词： IRE ablation TLR3/9-agonists PD-1-blockade CD8+T-cell response antitumor immunity

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禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)在北京小麦上的侵染和种群动态（英文）

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云南农业大学学报（自然科学版） 2017年第1期32卷 1-10页

作者：刘树森赵建龙 ahmed shahid 简恒中国农业大学植物病理系北京100193

禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)是中国小麦生产的重要病原,造成小麦重大产量和经济损失。于2011—2012小麦生长季研究了北京地区禾谷胞囊线虫2龄幼虫的田间种群动态及侵染致病特征。结果表明:在小麦整个生长季内有2个2龄幼虫的孵化高... 详细信息

禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)是中国小麦生产的重要病原,造成小麦重大产量和经济损失。于2011—2012小麦生长季研究了北京地区禾谷胞囊线虫2龄幼虫的田间种群动态及侵染致病特征。结果表明:在小麦整个生长季内有2个2龄幼虫的孵化高峰。第1个小高峰出现在11月下旬,每100 m L土壤中最多可检测到105条2龄幼虫。而主要的孵化高峰出现在翌年春季的3月下旬—4月上旬,每100 m L土壤中最高可检测到295条2龄幼虫。秋季孵化的2龄幼虫能够侵染小麦并安全越冬,但春季孵化的2龄幼虫侵染更为严重,4月中旬平均每株小麦根系内可检测到230条幼虫。尽管禾谷胞囊线虫在1个生长季内可以侵染2次,但却只能发育形成1代成虫,至5月中旬平均每株小麦根系上雌虫数量可达287头。为了明确秋季侵染小麦的2龄幼虫来源,通过体外和体内试验检测了当季新形成胞囊的孵化和侵染潜力。结果表明:在4℃条件下保存100 d的胞囊相比保存50 d的胞囊能孵化出更多的2龄幼虫(P<0.05),而在室温保存50和100 d的胞囊均不能孵化出2龄幼虫。此外,经过4℃预处理的胞囊在小麦越冬期即可孵化2龄幼虫并造成侵染,而室温保存的胞囊不具有侵染能力。说明了低温诱导对于禾谷胞囊线虫北京种群的孵化是必要的,而秋季小麦根系侵染可能是残留在土壤中2年以上的胞囊所致。本研究结果将有助于加深对禾谷胞囊线虫生物学和生态学的认识。

关键词：禾谷胞囊线虫(Heteroderaavenae) 2龄幼虫种群动态致病性

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Recent Advances in the Management of Stage IV Colon Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第6期3卷 1104-1118页

作者： Rani Kanthan Jenna-Lynn Senger shahid ahmed Selliah Kanthan Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Department of Surgery University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada. Medical Oncologist Saskatoon Cancer Centre Saskatoon Canada

Colon cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer-related death in Canadian men and women, with approximately one-third of patients dying from this disease. One quarter of patients present with metastases initially, and up to half of all colon cancer patients will develop stage IV disease over the course of their life. Despite ongoing advances in the evolution of newer cytotoxic drugs, targeted biological agents and improved metastasectomy techniques, the gain in overall survival in these patients is of low magnitude. This manuscript is a targeted review of the recent advances over the last decade in the management of advanced stage IV colon cancer as available in the published English literature. The two major arms of metastatic colon cancer management that include surgery and systemic chemotherapy and palliative measures as available are discussed. A multi-modality team-based approach involving medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiologists, and other health-care providers continues to be critical for ongoing success in the therapeutic management of these patients. Future studies of well-designed prospective, randomized-controlled clinical trials to develop and evaluate newer therapeutic strategies are recommended for continued and improved understanding for optimization of clinical management in advanced colon cancer.

关键词： Stage IV Colon Cancer Systemic Therapy Surgical Management

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Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors in the 21<sup>st</sup>Century—An Update

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2017年第13期8卷 1194-1233页

作者： Rani Kanthan Jenna-Lynn Senger shahid ahmed Selliah Chandra Kanthan Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Division of Medical Oncology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Deparment of Surgery University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare, reported to account for less than 1% - 2% of all pancreatic tumors. This, however, is likely an underestimation, as improved radiologic techniques and heightened awareness have resulted in an increase in the detection of incidentalomas, with estimations of true prevalence as high as 10%. The term “PNET” is an umbrella name that encompasses a heterogeneous group of neoplasms each with distinct clinical presentations, diagnostic radiographic features, management principles, and tumor/patient outcomes. In this context, accurate diagnosis is challenging, and management guidelines remain unclear. A high degree of clinical suspicion is required for best patient management. This manuscript provides an update on PNETs in the 21st century, in which we re-examine the terminology, epidemiology, classification, etiopathogenesis, radiographic and histopathologic diagnostic features, management for localized and metastatic disease, as well as a review of features defining functional and non-functional PNETS, and finally deliberates on the prognosis and predictive features of this unpredictable and largely unfathomable neoplasm.

关键词： Neuroendocrine Tumors Pancreatic Unfathomable Neoplasm

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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the 21<sup>st</sup>Century

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2014年第8期5卷 769-796页

作者： Rani Kanthan Jenna-Lynn Senger shahid ahmed Selliah Chandra Kanthan Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Department of Surgery University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Divison of Medical Oncology Department of Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal lesions accounting for only 0.2% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. These tumors arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal, with mutations described in proto-oncogenes such as KIT, PDGFRA, DOG-1, and SDH. The majority of these lesions are asymptomatic, thus the true incidence remains unknown. While patients typically undergo initial endoscopy, CT scan and/or MRI, findings are often nonspecific and require a biopsy to identify the tumor. As such, immunohistochemical evaluation is the gold-standard for the accurate diagnosis of GIST. Though surgical excision remains the gold-standard for curative management, the discovery of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has revolutionized the treatment of GIST in the 21st?century as a “prototype” of molecular targeted therapy for solid tumors. Risk assessment for recurrence divides these tumors into low and high-risk categories. In the latter, a role for adjuvant therapy with TKI confers a significantly better prognosis than previously observed. However, secondary mutations conferring drug resistance remain an ongoing challenge for management, as few alternative treatment options are available for patients intolerant/refractory to TKI therapy. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathology features, management options, and prognostic features of GISTs.

关键词： Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Targeted Therapy Drug Resistance Histopathology Surgery

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Probing the Efficiency of PPMG-Based Composite Electrolytes for Applications of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第3期30卷 262-283页

作者： Shakeel ahmed Faizah Altaf Safyan Akram Khan Sumaira Manzoor Aziz Ahmad Muhammad Mansha shahid Ali Ata-ur-Rehman Karl Jacob School of Material Science and Engineering Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nano-Photoelectric Magnetic MaterialsHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001China Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals31261 DhahranSaudi Arabia School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

PPMG-based composite electrolytes were fabricated via the solution method using the polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone blend reinforced with various contents of sulfonated inorganic *** acid was employed as the sulfonating agent to functionalize the external surface of the inorganic filler,i.e.,graphene *** proton conductivities of the newly prepared proton exchange membranes(PEMs)were increased by increasing the temperature and content of sulfonated graphene oxide(SGO),i.e.,ranging from 0.025 S/cm to 0.060 S/*** induction of the optimum level of SGO is determined to be an excellent route to enhance ionic *** single-cell performance test was conducted by sandwiching the newly prepared PEMs between an anode(0.2 mg/cm^(2) Pt/Ru)and a cathode(0.2 mg/cm^(2) Pt)to prepare membrane electrode assemblies,followed by hot pressing under a pressure of approximately 100 kg/cm^(2) at 60℃for 5–10 *** highest power densities achieved with PPMG PEMs were 14.9 and 35.60 mW/cm^(2) at 25℃and 70℃,respectively,at ambient pressure with 100%relative *** showed that the newly prepared PEMs exhibit good electrochemical *** results indicated that the prepared composite membrane with 6 wt%filler can be used as an alternative membrane for applications of high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Sulfonated graphene oxide Polyvinylpyrrolidone Solution casting Membrane electrode assembly Fuel cell performance

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HER2-Specific Vaccines for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Immunotherapy

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World Journal of Vaccines 2015年第2期5卷 106-128页

作者： Maxwell Omabe shahid ahmed Amer Sami Yufeng Xie Min Tao Jim Xiang Cancer Research Cluster Saskatchewan Cancer Agency Saskatoon Canada Department of Oncology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Department of Oncology The first Affiliated Hospital Soo-Chow University Suzhou China

Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) immunization can be elicited by vaccination with DNA encoding the extra- or intra-cellular domain (ECD or ICD) of HER2, naked or encap-sulated in viral vectors. HER2-peptides derived from ECD or ICD of HER2, and HER2-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) or engineered DCs expressing HER2, respectively. We performed a computer- based literature search which includes but is not limited to the following keywords: breast cancer, immunotherapy, HER2-peptide vaccine, HER2-DNA vaccine, HER-DC vaccine, HER2 vaccine, and HER2/neu, in PubMed, Medline, EMBO and Google Scholar;data from recently reported clinical trials were also included. Drawing upon this synthesis of literature, this work summarizes the de-velopment and current trend in experimental and clinical investigations in HER2-positive breast cancer using HER2-specific vaccine and immunotherapy, focusing especially on: (i) DNA-;(ii) peptide-;and (iii) DC-based vaccines. It addresses interventions that have been applied to overcome immunotolerance thereby to improve treatment outcomes. These include blocking the inhibitory cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), which is expressed at high levels by regulatory T (Treg) cells, or complete Treg depletion to improve T-cell activation. Moreover, modulatory interventions can provide further improvement in the efficacy of HER2-specific vaccine. The interventions include the use of immunogenic adjuvants such as cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), the use of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and tetanus toxin’s universal epitopes such as the CD4+ help T (Th)-epitope P30, and the use of either chimeric or heterogenous xenogeneic HER2. Combining active HER2-vaccination with adoptive trastuzumab antibody immunotherapy is likely to increase the effectiveness of each approach alone. The development of effective HER2-vaccines for breast

关键词： HER2 Breast Cancer DNA Peptide Dendritic Cell Vaccine

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Security Monitoring and Management for the Network Services in the Orchestration of SDN-NFV Environment Using Machine Learning Techniques

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第2期48卷 363-394页

作者： Nasser Alshammari Shumaila Shahzadi Saad Awadh Alanazi shahid Naseem Muhammad Anwar Madallah Alruwaili Muhammad Rizwan Abid Omar Alruwaili ahmed Alsayat Fahad Ahmad Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakakaAl Jouf72341Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Kinnaird College forWomenLahorePunjab54700Pakistan Department of Information Sciences Division of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72341Saudi Arabia Computer Science Florida Polytechnic UniversityLakelandFlorida33805USA Delta3T LahorePunjab54700Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences Common First YearJouf UniversitySakaka72341Saudi Arabia

Software Defined Network(SDN)and Network Function Virtualization(NFV)technology promote several benefits to network operators,including reduced maintenance costs,increased network operational performance,simplified network lifecycle,and policies *** vulnerabilities try to modify services provided by Network Function Virtualization MANagement and Orchestration(NFV MANO),and malicious attacks in different scenarios disrupt the NFV Orchestrator(NFVO)and Virtualized Infrastructure Manager(VIM)lifecycle management related to network services or individual Virtualized Network Function(VNF).This paper proposes an anomaly detection mechanism that monitors threats in NFV MANO and manages promptly and adaptively to implement and handle security functions in order to enhance the quality of experience for end *** anomaly detector investigates these identified risks and provides secure network *** enables virtual network security functions and identifies anomalies in Kubernetes(a cloud-based platform).For training and testing purpose of the proposed approach,an intrusion-containing dataset is used that hold multiple malicious activities like a Smurf,Neptune,Teardrop,Pod,Land,IPsweep,etc.,categorized as Probing(Prob),Denial of Service(DoS),User to Root(U2R),and Remote to User(R2L)*** anomaly detector is anticipated with the capabilities of a Machine Learning(ML)technique,making use of supervised learning techniques like Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Naïve Bayes(NB),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).The proposed framework has been evaluated by deploying the identified ML algorithm on a Jupyter notebook in Kubeflow to simulate Kubernetes for validation *** classifier has shown better outcomes(99.90%accuracy)than other classifiers in detecting anomalies/intrusions in the containerized environment.

关键词： Software defined network network function virtualization network function virtualization management and orchestration virtual infrastructure manager virtual network function Kubernetes Kubectl artificial intelligence machine learning

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