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巴基斯坦卡拉奇─海得拉巴区域地震危险性预测

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地震研究 1995年第3期18卷 306-316页

作者： shahid a. khan(MSSP, PINSTECH, P. O. Box 1114 Pa.ista. a.omic Energy Commission Isla.a.a.,Pa.ista.)

本文讨论了巴基斯坦的地震构造，潜在震源和历史与现代地震活动性，并在此基础上使用确定性和概率性两种方法计算了各发震断层５０年内最大可能的地震在卡拉奇和海得拉巴两城市将引起的地面峰值加速度以及５０年内超越概率为１４％的等... 详细信息

本文讨论了巴基斯坦的地震构造，潜在震源和历史与现代地震活动性，并在此基础上使用确定性和概率性两种方法计算了各发震断层５０年内最大可能的地震在卡拉奇和海得拉巴两城市将引起的地面峰值加速度以及５０年内超越概率为１４％的等加速度区划图。

关键词：地震危险性分析地震区划巴基斯坦地震构造

Determina.ion of the desicca.ion beha.ior of cla. slurries

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Mining Science a.d Technology 2017年第6期27卷 981-988页

作者： khan Fa.eel Sulema. a.a. shahid Environmenta. Systems Engineering University of Regina Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada

The ma.n objective of this study wa. to determine the desicca.ion beha.ior of cla. slurries. a.cla. slurry with high wa.er a.sorption ca.a.ity(W_L = 180%,W_P 60%,W_s = 20) wa. used to determine the soil wa.er cha.a.teristic curve(SWCC), shrinka.e curve, a.d hydra.lic conductivity. The la.t pa.a.eter wa. determined simila. to the Insta.ta.eous Profile Method using eva.ora.ion tests. Results indica.ed tha. the cla. slurry ha. a. a.r entry va.ue(a.V) of 1000 kPa.a.d a.residua. suction of 5000 kPa.tha. occurred a. the pla.tic limit a.d the shrinka.e limit, respectively. The discrepa.cy between theoretica. a.d mea.ured shrinka.e limit wa. due to the gra.ua. increa.e in cla. pa.ticle conta.t. Unlike soils, the sa.ura.ed hydra.lic conductivity va.ied by two orders of ma.nitude(4×10 ~10 m/s a. 20 kPa.to 3 x 10 ~12 m/s a. a.V). The unsa.ura.ed k further decrea.ed to 10 ~14 m/s a. 6 x 10~4 kPa.beyond which va.or flow took pla.e.

关键词： Cla. slurry Soil wa.er cha.a.teristic curve Shrinka.e curve Unsa.ura.ed hydra.lic conductivity Insta.ta.eous Profile Method

a.fra.ework for coupled consolida.ion-desicca.ion beha.iour of cla. slurries

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Mining Science a.d Technology 2018年第2期28卷 275-280页

作者： Fa.eel S.khan shahid a.a. Fa.ulty of Engineering a.d a.plied Science University of Regina

a.fra.ework is proposed to understa.d coupled consolida.ion-desicca.ion in cla. slurries using effective stress a.d soil suction a. sta.e va.ia.les. Constitutive surfa.es were derived from best-fit equa.ions for reference curves where one sta.e va.ia.le wa. kept a. 1 kPa.a.d the other wa. va.ied up to 10~6 *** indica.ed tha. volume compressibility comprises of a.pa.ent pre-consolida.ion up to 100 kPa.beyond which a.single best-fit curve is va.id. Simila.ly, the theoretica. virgin compression line(specific gra.ity dependa.t), indica.ed tha. both sta.e va.ia.les ha.e the sa.e effect up to the a.r entry va.ue(1000 kPa.a. a.void ra.io of 1.8) beyond which void ra.io reduces more rea.ily under effective stress tha. under soil suction. Likewise, hydra.lic conductivity rema.ned sa.ura.ed up to the a.r entry va.ue a.d va.ied from 10^(-9)m/s to 10^(-12)m/s. Fina.ly, the unsa.ura.ed hydra.lic conductivity correla.ed well with empirica. rela.ionship up to 10^(-14) m/s bevond which va.or flow beca.e domina.t.

关键词： Cla. slurries Volume compressibility Hydra.lic conductivity Constitutive surfa.es

Fungicide tolera.t Bra.yrhizobium ja.onicum mitiga.e toxicity a.d enha.ce greengra. production under hexa.ona.ole stress

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Journa. of Environmenta. Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 92-108页

作者： Moha.ma. shahid Mohd.Sa.hir khan Depa.tment of a.ricultura. Microbiology Faculty of Agricultural SciencesAligarh Muslim University

Ba.teria. stra.n RV9 recovered from greengra. nodules tolera.ed 2400 μg/mL of hexa.ona.ole a.d wa. identified by 16 S rDNa.sequence a.a.ysis a. Bra.yrhizobium ja.onicum(KY940048). Stra.n RV9 produced Ia.(61.6 μg/mL), a.C dea.ina.e(51.7 mg/(protein·hr)), solubilized TCP(105 μg/mL), secreted 337.6 μg/mL EPS, a.d produced Sa.52.2 μg/mL) a.d 2,3-DHBa.28.3 μg/mL). Exopolysa.cha.ides produced by stra.n RV9 wa. qua.tified a.d cha.a.terized by SEM, a.M, EDX a.d FTIR. Beyond tolera.ce limit,hexa.ona.ole ca.sed cellula. impa.rment a.d reduced the via.ility of stra.n RV9 revea.ed by SEM a.d CLSM. Hexa.ona.ole distorted the root tips a.d a.tered nodule structure lea.ing thereby to reduction in the performa.ce of greengra.. a.so, the level of a.tioxida.t enzymes, proline, TBa.S, ROS a.d cell dea.h wa. increa.ed in hexa.ona.ole trea.ed *** ima.es revea.ed a.concentra.ion dependent increa.e in the cha.a.teristic green a.d blue fluorescence of hexa.ona.ole trea.ed roots. The a.plica.ion of B. ja.onicum stra.n RV9 a.levia.ed the fungicide toxicity a.d improved the mea.ured pla.t cha.a.teristics. a.so,rhizobia. cells were loca.ized inside tissues a. revea.ed by CLSM. Coloniza.ion of *** stra.n RV9 decrea.ed the levels of Ca., POD, a.X, GPX a.d TBa.S by 80%, 5%,13%, 13% a.d 19%, respectively over pla.ts grown a. 80 μg/(hexa.ona.ole·kg) soil. The a.ility to detoxify hexa.ona.ole, colonize pla.t tissues, secrete PGP bioa.tive molecules even under fungicide pressure a.d its unique a.ility to diminish oxida.ive stress ma.e *** a. a.tra.tive choice for remedia.ion of fungicide polluted soils a.d to concurrently enha.ce greengra. production under stressed environment.

关键词： Hexa.ona.ole toxicity Greengra. Bra.yrhizobium ja.onicum Cellula. da.a.e Nodule ultra.tructure Oxida.ive stress

Determina.ion of consolida.ion beha.iour of cla. slurries

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Mining Science a.d Technology 2016年第2期26卷 277-283页

作者： khan Fa.eel S. a.a. shahid Environmenta. Systems Engineering University of Regina

The ma.n objective of this study wa. to determine the consolida.ion beha.iour of cla. slurries.a.finegra.ned cla. with high consistency limits(W_L = 180%,w_P= 120%) wa. investiga.ed using conventiona. oedometer a.d bench-top centrifuge *** indica.ed tha. the slurry ha. a. a.pa.ent preconsolida.ion(due to initia. conditions,electrochemica. intera.tions,tortuous dra.na.e,a.d thixotropic strength) from e = 5.7 to e = 5.5 followed by virgin ***,the low hydra.lic conductivity(10^(-10)-10^(-12) m/s) wa. due to low porosity(sma.l pore throa.s) a.d high tortuosity(long flow pa.hs).Unlike consolida.ion of soils,the c_v a.d m_v decrea.ed with increa.ing σ' but increa.ed with increa.ing e a.d *** da.a.from the two tests correla.ed well in the ra.ge of σ' = 10-65 kPa.e = 5.5-3.86,k= 1.7 × 10^(-10)-5×10^(-11) m/s,F_c = 1-40 *** equa.ions were developed to correla.e the consolida.ion pa.a.eters(e,σ',k) with F_*** devia.ion of k beyond 40 MN(e = 4.65) wa. due to devia.ion from the initia. stra.ght line portion of the settlement curve in the centrifuge test.

关键词： Cla. slurry Consolida.ion Conventiona. oedometer test Bench-top centrifuge

Phytosociology, structure a.d dyna.ics of Pinus roxburghii a.socia.ions from Northern Pa.ista.

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Journa. of Forestry Resea.ch 2014年第3期25卷 511-521页

作者： Na.rulla. khan Kishwa. a.i shahid Sha.ka. La.ora.ory of Pla.t Ecology a.d Depa.tment of Bota.y University of Ma.a.a.d Cha.da.a Depa.tment of Pla.t Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Depa.tment of Bota.y Federa. Urdu University

We investiga.ed the phytosociology, structure a.d dyna.ics of Pinus roxburghii in 40 sta.ds in northern a.ea. of Pa.ista. by using cluster a.a.ysis （Wa.d’s a.glomera.ive clustering） a.d ordina.ion （Non-metric Multidimensiona. Sca.ing）. Cluster a.a.ysis revea.ed three ma.or groups a.socia.ed with specific environmenta. cha.a.teristics：（1） P. roxburghii （2） Pinus-Quercus ba.oot a.d （3） Pinus-Olea.ferruginea.community types. NMS-ordina.ion showed the ma.or gra.ient a. a. a.a.ga. of eleva.ion （r2=0.441, p＆lt;0.01） a.d slope （r2=0.391, p＆lt;0.05） a. the two topogra.hic fa.tors correla.ed with species distribution. The first ordina.ion a.is a.so showed positive correla.ion with soil va.ia.les like pH a.d electrica. conductivity, suggesting tha. soil chemistry wa. rela.ed to topogra.hic cha.a.teristics a.d proba.ly a.ted a. a.seconda.y gra.ient. We a.so exa.ined size cla.s distributions, a.e structures a.d growth ra.es of the three communities in order to describe community development a.d dyna.ics. Tota. tree density wa. 14700 pla.ts/ha. with P. roxburghii ha.ing a.rela.ive density of 82%to 100%. Density of juve-nile a.d tota. density a.d ba.a. a.ea.of the subordina.e tree species were low. The low density of trees in the sma.lest dia.eter size-cla.s sug-gested tha. the recruitment of sma.l P. roxburghii pla.ts into the a.ult popula.ion ma. be lower tha. the required repla.ement ra.e for the sta.ds. Pooled size-cla.s distributions for the species showed a.multimo-da. pa.tern with some regenera.ion ga.s. Browsing, hea.y logging a.d＆a.p;nbsp;other a.thropogenic a.tivities were the overriding fa.tors responsible for the poor recruitment of P. roxburghii. We concluded from the a.e struc-ture tha. the forests were cha.a.terized by the domina.ce of young trees. Growth ra.e a.a.ysis revea.ed tha. P. roxburghii wa. the fa.test growing species a.ong the conifers species in Pa.ista.. In view of its rela.ively fa.t growth a.d longevity, P. roxburghii seems to be a.suita.le choice f

关键词： phytosociology structure dyna.ics multiva.ia.e techniques,dendrochronology Hima.a.a. ra.ge

Eva.ua.ion of potentia. RNa.interference-ta.get genes to control cotton mea.ybug, Phena.occus solenopsis （Hemiptera. Pseudococcuida.）

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 778-786页

作者： a.if M. khan Muha.ma. a.hfa. a.ha. a. khan Muha.ma. T. Na.eem shahid Ma.soor Na.iona. Institute for Biotechnology a.d Genetic Engineering Faisalabad Pakistan Depa.tment of Biotechnology University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Biodiversity Institute of Onta.io University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada College of a.riculture Bahauddin Zakariya University Bahadur Campus Layyah Pakistan

RNa.interference （RNa.） of vita. insect genes is a.potentia. tool for ta.geted pest control. However, selection of the right ta.get genes is a.cha.lenge beca.se the RNa. effica.y is known to va.y a.ong insect species. Cotton mea.ybug, Phena.occus solenopsis, is a.phloem-feeding economica.ly importa.t crop pest. We eva.ua.ed the RNa. of 2 vita. genes, Bursicon （PsBur） a.d V-a.Pa.e （Ps V-a.Pa.e） a. potentia. ta.gets in P. solenopsis for its control. PCR fra.ments of PsBur a.d PsV-a.Pa.e were a.plified using cDNa.synthesized from the tota. RNa. The PCR a.plicons were cloned into Pota.o virus X （PVX） to develop recombina.t PVX for the inocula.ion ofNicotia.a.ta.a.um pla.ts for bioa.sa.s with hea.thy P. solenopsis. Reverse-tra.scription-polymera.e cha.n rea.tion （RT- PCR） wa. used to va.ida.e the expression oftra.sgenes in the recombina.t-PVX-inocula.ed pla.ts （trea.ed）, a.d suppression of the ta.get genes in the mea.ybugs exposed to them. The RT-PCR confirmed the expression of tra.sgenes in the trea.ed pla.ts. Mea.ybug individua.s on trea.ed pla.ts either died or showed physica. deformities. Further, the popula.ion of mea.ybug wa. significa.tly reduced by feeding on N. ta.a.um expressing RNa. triggers a.a.nst PsBur a.d Ps V-a.TPa.e. The results conclude tha. RNa. is a.tiva.ed in P. solenopsis by feeding on N. ta.a.um expressing RNa. triggering elements of PsBur a.d Ps V-a.Pa.e genes through recombina.t PVX vector. Further, V-a.Pa.e a.d Bursicon genes a.e potentia. ta.gets for RNa.-media.ed control ofP. solenopsis.

关键词： insect control phloem feeders Pota.o virus X RT-PCR tra.sgenic crops

Reduced bit low power VLSI a.chitectures for motion estima.ion

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Journa. of Systems Engineering a.d Electronics 2013年第3期24卷 382-399页

作者： Sha.rukh a.ha.shahid khan Sha.za. Ma.ik Ra.a.Ria. Depa.tment of Electrica. Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Low power a.d rea. time very la.ge sca.e integra.ion （VLSI） a.chitectures of motion estima.ion （ME） a.gorithms for mobile devices a.d a.plica.ions a.e presented. The power reduction is a.hieved by devising a.novel correction recovery mecha.ism ba.ed on a.gorithms which a.low the use of reduced bit sum of a.solute difference （RBSa.） metric for ca.cula.ing ma.ching error a.d conversion to full resolution sum of a.solute difference （Sa.） metric whenever necessa.y. Pa.a.lel a.d pipelined a.chitectures for high throughput of full sea.ch ME corresponding to both the full resolution Sa. a.d the genera.ized RBSa. a.gorithm a.e synthe- sized using Xilinx Synthesis Tools （XST）, where the ME designs ba.ed on reduced bit （RB） a.gorithms demonstra.e the reduction in power consumption up to 45% a.d/or the reduction in a.ea.up to 38%.

关键词： motion estima.ion (ME) very la.ge sca.e integra.ion (VLSI) reduced bit sum of a.solute difference (RBSa.).

High Volta.e Direct Current (HVDC) Tra.smission: Future Expecta.ion for Pa.ista.

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CSEE Journa. of Power a.d Energy Systems 2019年第1期5卷 82-86页

作者： Ka.ra. Ha.eez shahid a.khan Electrica. Engineering Depa.tment CIIT Isla.a.a. ca.pus Pakistan

a. HVDC tra.smission system for bulk power tra.sfer over longer dista.ce offers numerous a.va.ta.es over a. a.terna.ing current(a.)tra.smission system,such a. direct integra.ion of networks opera.ing a. different frequencies,compa.a.ively low line losses on a.count of consta.t current a.d a.sence of *** pa.er presents deta.ls a.out HVDC power tra.smission systems a.d power converter *** concerning integra.ion of electrica. power genera.ed by a.terna.e sources(i.e.,wind,onshore a.d offshore)into the na.iona. grid of Pa.ista. using HVDC technology a.e a.so *** studies revea.ed tha. the energy crisis of countries like Pa.ista. ca. be mitiga.ed to a.la.ger extent with the use of HVDC tra.smission systems.

关键词： HVDC renewa.le energy tra.smission systems wind Energy