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A Decision-Based Hybrid Proxy Mobile IPv6 Scheme for Better Resources Utilization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5151-5167页

作者： Habib Ullah Khan Anwar Hussain shah nazir Department of Accounting and Information Systems College of Business and Economics Qatar UniversityDohaQatar Department of Computer Science University of SwabiAnbarKPPakistan

Seamless mobility is always one of the major requirements of modern-day *** a heterogeneous and massive IoT environment,efficient network-based mobility protocol such as proxy mobile IPv6(PMIPv6),is potentially a good candidate for efficient mobility as well as resource utilization *** extensions are devised for performance in the research ***,a multi-criterion decision-based resourceefficient PMIPv6 extension is required to achieve efficiency when network resources are *** this research,a multi-criterion decision-based PMIPv6 scheme is devised that provides better performance when the Local Mobility Anchor(LMA)or Mobile Access Gateway(MAG)is *** objective is achieved by monitoring the load status of MAG or LMA and based on their status,the proposed scheme adapts itself to provide seamless mobility in addition to optimal *** proposed scheme is compared with the existing LMA and MAG-based mobility management protocol *** on the analysis of the comparison,the obtained results prove that providing a decision-based PMIPv6 scheme is better for service continuity as well as optimal performance in the context of required buffering,handover efficiency,and necessary signaling cost.

关键词： Proxy mobile IPv6 LMA MAG load balancing location-based PMIPv6

Pashto Characters Recognition Using Multi-Class Enabled Support Vector Machine

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 2831-2844页

作者： Sulaiman Khan shah nazir Habib Ullah Khan Anwar Hussain Department of Computer Science University of SwabiSwabiPakistan Department of Accounting and Information Systems College of Business and EconomicsQatar UniversityDohaQatar

During the last two decades signicant work has been reported in the eld of cursive language’s recognition especially,in the Arabic,the Urdu and the Persian *** unavailability of such work in the Pashto language is because of:the absence of a standard database and of signicant research work that ultimately acts as a big barrier for the research *** slight change in the Pashto characters’shape is an additional challenge for *** paper presents an efcient OCR system for the handwritten Pashto characters based on multi-class enabled support vector machine using manifold feature extraction *** feature extraction techniques include,tools such as zoning feature extractor,discrete cosine transform,discrete wavelet transform,and Gabor lters and histogram of oriented gradients.A hybrid feature map is developed by combining the manifold feature *** research work is performed by developing a medium-sized dataset of handwritten Pashto characters that encapsulate 200 handwritten samples for each 44 characters in the Pashto *** results are generated for the proposed model based on a manifold and hybrid feature *** overall accuracy rates of 63.30%,65.13%,68.55%,68.28%,67.02%and 83%are generated based on a zoning technique,HoGs,Gabor lter,DCT,DWT and hybrid feature maps *** of the proposed model is also tested by comparing its results with a convolution neural network *** convolution neural network-based model generated an accuracy rate of 81.02%smaller than the multi-class support vector *** highest accuracy rate of 83%for the multi-class SVM model based on a hybrid feature map reects the applicability of the proposed model.

关键词： Pashto multi-class support vector machine handwritten characters database zoning and histogram of oriented gradients

Smart Object Detection and Home Appliances Control System in Smart Cities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 895-915页

作者： Sulaiman Khan shah nazir Habib Ullah Khan Department of Computer Science University of SwabiKPPakistan Department of Accounting and Information Systems College of Business and EconomicsQatar UniversityDohaQatar

During the last decade the emergence of Internet of Things(IoT)based applications inspired the world by providing state of the art solutions to many common *** traffic management systems to urban cities planning and development,IoT based home monitoring systems,and many other smart *** of these facilities,most of these IoT based solutions are data driven and results in small accuracy values for smaller *** order to address this problem,this paper presents deep learning based hybrid approach for the development of an IoT-based intelligent home security and appliance control system in the smart *** hybrid model consists of;convolution neural network and binary long short term model for the object detection to ensure safety of the homes while IoT based hardware components like;Raspberry Pi,Amazon Web services cloud,and GSM modems for remotely accessing and controlling of the home *** android application is developed and deployed on Amazon Web Services(AWS)cloud for the remote monitoring of home appliances.A GSM device and Message queuing telemetry transport(MQTT)are integrated for communicating with the connected IoT devices to ensure the online and offline *** object detection purposes a camera is connected to Raspberry Pi using the proposed hybrid neural network *** applicability of the proposed model is tested by calculating results for the object at varying distance from the camera and for different intensity levels of the *** many applications the proposed model promises for providing optimum results for the small amount of data and results in high recognition rates of 95.34%compared to the conventional recognition model(k nearest neighbours)recognition rate of 76%.

关键词： Hybrid deep learning model IoT smart cities home appliances control system and Amazon web services

Systematic Analysis of Safety and Security Risks in Smart Homes

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 1409-1428页

作者： Habib Ullah Khan Mohammad Kamel Alomari Sulaiman Khan shah nazir Asif Qumer Gill Alanoud Ali Al-Maadid Zaki Khalid Abu-Shawish Mostafa Kamal Hassan Department of Accounting and Information Systems College of Business and EconomicsQatar UniversityDohaQatar Department of Computer Science University of SwabiSwabiPakistan School of Software University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia Department of Finance&Economics College of Business&EconomicsQatar UniversityDohaQatar

The revolution in Internet of Things(IoT)-based devices and applications has provided smart applications for *** applications range from healthcare to traffic-flow management,to communication devices,to smart security devices,and many *** particular,government and private organizations are showing significant interest in IoT-enabled applications for smart *** the perceived benefits and interest,human safety is also a key *** research is aimed at systematically analyzing the available literature on smart homes and identifying areas of concern or risk with a view to supporting the design of safe and secure smart *** this systematic review process,relevant work in the most highly regarded journals published in the period 2016–2020(a section of 2020 is included)was analyzed.A final set of 99 relevant articles(journal articles,book sections,conference papers,and survey papers)was analyzed in this *** analysis is focused on three research questions and relevant *** systematic analysis results and key insights will help researchers and practitioners to make more informed decisions when dealing with the safety and security risks of smart homes,especially in emergency situations.

关键词： Smart buildings IoT smart homes systematic literature review prototype model

Optimizing the utilization of maize silage in forage blends-based rations to improve production performance and reduce methane emissions from fattening calves

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 75-81页

作者： Khalid Farooq Asad Sultan Assar Ali shah Rifat Ullah Khan Rajwali Khan Ghazala Yasmeen nazir Ahmad Khan Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25130Pakistan Pakistan Scientific and Technological Information Center(PASTIC) Islamabad 44000Pakistan

This research investigated the effect of various mixtures of maize silage and ryegrass fodder on nutrient digestibility,production performance,and methane(CH4)emission of fattening ***-four fattening calves((228±10)kg body weight(BW),(280±5)d of age)were allocated to 8 diets for 84 d,according to a randomized complete block design,and the blocks were balanced for BW,age,and *** diets consisted of 4 levels of maize silages,i.e.,40%(MS40),50%(MS50),60%(MS60),and 70%(MS70)in the maize silage and ryegrass fodder mixture on a dry matter(DM)basis,and each of the mixture was supplemented with either low(LC,1.0%BW)or high(HC,1.5%BW)levels of fattening *** results revealed greater(p<0.05)intakes of DM(8.35 kg/d),organic matter(OM,7.85 kg/d),and metabolizable energy(ME,12.00 Mcal/d)in calves fed with MS70-LC *** highest(p<0.05)digestibility(g/100 g)of DM(65.2),OM(67.3),crude protein(69.1),and neutral detergent fibre(56.3)was recorded for MS40-HC *** maximum(p<0.05)average daily gain(ADG,571 g/d)was recorded for diet *** lowest value(p<0.05)of CH4 emission was recorded in MS70-LC,MS70-HC,and MS60-HC as compared to other *** 70%maize silage in the ryegrass-maize silage based diet improved ADG by 174 g/d with LC *** is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of maize silage and ryegrass in the fattening ration can improve animal production performance and reduces CH4 production and concentrate requirements of fattening calves.

关键词： average daily gain farm-grown forages forage mixture fattening calves maize silage ryegrass fodder

Exercise as a modality to improve heart transplantation-related functional impairments: An article review

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 9-21页

作者： Arnengsih nazir Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Faculty of Medicine Universitas PadjadjaranBandung 40161West JavaIndonesia

Heart transplantation(HT),the treatment choice of advanced heart failure pa-tients,is proven effective in increasing the survival and functional status of the ***,compared to normal controls,functional status is lower in HT *** given in cardiac rehabilitation has been shown to improve exercise capacity as measured with peak oxygen uptake(VO2 peak)and muscle strength after completion of the program and cessation of exercise results in loss of exercise *** factors related to cardiac denervation and the use of immunosuppressive agents in HT recipients result in functional impairments including cardiovascular,pulmonary,exercise capacity,psychological,and qua-lity of life(QoL)***-intensity interval training(HIIT)is the most common type of exercise used in HT recipients and given as a hospital-based *** of functional impairments was found to have occurred due to primarily musculoskeletal adaptations through improvement of muscle structure and aerobic capacity and cardiovascular *** general,exercise given after transplantation improved VO2 peak significantly and improvement was better in the HIIT group compared to moderate intensity continuous training or no-exercise *** of QoL was ascribed to improve-ment of exercise capacity,symptoms,pulmonary function,physical capacity improve-ment,anxiety,and depression.

关键词： Cardiac rehabilitation Exercise tolerance Functional status Heart transplantation High-intensity interval training Muscle strength Quality of life

Volume-complementary bipolar layered oxide enables stable symmetric sodium-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4125-4133页

作者： Bo Peng Feng Wang nazir Ahmad Lai Yu Shenghua Chen Genqiang Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Efficient Conversion and Solid-state Storage of Hydrogen and Electricity of Anhui ProvinceAnhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243002China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Innovation Platform(Center)for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

The commercialization of sodium-ion batteries is based on developing low-cost,highly stable,and safe cathode and anode ***,the promising hard carbon anode and layered oxide cathode suffer from low sodium-embedded potential near 0.1 V and severe phase transitions,which cause safe problem and short lifespan,***,we design a low-strain bipolar P2-Na_(0.7)Ni_(0.25)Fe_(0.2)Ti_(0.55)O_(2) to solve the mentioned obstacles,whereas(Ni,Fe)and Ti provide charge compensation when it is used as cathode and anode,*** is revealed that the bipolar layered oxide undergoes solid-solution reaction when used as cathode or anode,and exhibits volume-complementary feature in a sodium-ion full-cell,as identified by in-situ X-ray ***,the safe symmetric sodium-ion full-cell exhibits excellent cyclic stability with 91.7%capacity retention after 200 *** work will provide a new horizon for designing safe and stable sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： sodium-ion batteries bipolar layered oxides solid-solution reaction volume complementation symmetric battery

Enhancing Network Design through Statistical Evaluation of MANET Routing Protocols

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 319-339页

作者： Ibrahim Alameri Tawfik Al-Hadhrami Anjum nazir Abdulsamad Ebrahim Yahya Atef Gharbi Faculty of Medical Sciences Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical UniversityAlkufa QuNajaf54001Iraq Computer Science Department School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NSUK Department of Computing Faculty of Engineering Sciences&Technology(FEST)Hamdard UniversityKarachi74600Pakistan Department of Information Technology College of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityArar91431Saudi Arabia Department of Information System College of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityArar91431Saudi Arabia

This paper contributes a sophisticated statistical method for the assessment of performance in routing protocols salient Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET)routing protocols:Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV),Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV),Dynamic Source Routing(DSR),and Zone Routing Protocol(ZRP).In this paper,the evaluation will be carried out using complete sets of statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis,Mann-Whitney,and *** articulates a systematic evaluation of how the performance of the previous protocols varies with the number of nodes and the mobility *** study is premised upon the Quality of Service(QoS)metrics of throughput,packet delivery ratio,and end-to-end delay to gain an adequate understanding of the operational efficiency of each protocol under different network *** findings explained significant differences in the performance of different routing protocols;as a result,decisions for the selection and optimization of routing protocols can be taken effectively according to different network *** paper is a step forward in the general understanding of the routing dynamics of MANETs and contributes significantly to the strategic deployment of robust and efficient network infrastructures.

关键词： Routing protocols statistical approach friedman MANET

An Artificial Intelligence-Based Framework for Fruits Disease Recognition Using Deep Learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第2期48卷 529-554页

作者： Irfan Haider Muhammad Attique Khan Muhammad nazir Taerang Kim Jae-Hyuk Cha Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Computer Science Hanyang UniversitySeoulKorea

Fruit infections have an impact on both the yield and the quality of the *** a result,an automated recognition system for fruit leaf diseases is *** artificial intelligence(AI)applications,especially in agriculture,deep learning shows promising disease detection and classification *** recent AI-based techniques have a few challenges for fruit disease recognition,such as low-resolution images,small datasets for learning models,and irrelevant feature *** work proposed a new fruit leaf leaf leaf disease recognition framework using deep learning features and improved pathfinder *** fruit types have been employed in this work for the validation process,such as apple,grape,and *** the first step,a noisy dataset is prepared by employing the original images to learn the designed framework *** EfficientNet-B0 deep model is fine-tuned on the next step and trained separately on the original and noisy *** that,features are fused using a serial concatenation approach that is later optimized in the next step using an improved Path Finder Algorithm(PFA).This algorithm aims to select the best features based on the fitness score and ignore redundant *** selected features are finally classified using machine learning classifiers such as Medium Neural Network,Wide Neural Network,and Support Vector *** experimental process was conducted on each fruit dataset separately and obtained an accuracy of 100%,99.7%,99.7%,and 93.4%for apple,grape,Citrus fruit,and citrus plant leaves,respectively.A detailed analysis is conducted and also compared with the recent techniques,and the proposed framework shows improved accuracy.

关键词： Fruit disease contrast enhancement augmentation deep learning fusion feature selection classification