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Spatial assessment of forest cover and land-use changes in the Hindu-Kush mountain ranges of northern Pakistan

Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第7期13卷 1229-1237页

作者： Sami ULLAH Muhammad FAROOQ Muhammad shafique Muhammad Afra SIYAB Fazli KAREEM Matthias DEES Chair of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information System Institute of Forest SciencesFaculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstraβe 479106 FreiburgGermany Pakistan Space and UpperAtmospheric Research Commission(SUPARCO) HayatabadPhase 525124 PeshawarPakistan National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa25120 PeshawarPakistan Office of the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) sector G-5/24400IslamabadPakistan Department of Forestry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalDir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23004Pakistan

Anthropogenic activities and natural processes are continuously altering the mountainous environment through deforestation, forest degradation and other land-use changes. It is highly important to assess, monitor and forecast forest cover and other land-use changes for the protection and conservation of mountainous environment. The present study deals with the assessment of forest cover and other land-use changes in the mountain ranges of Dir Kohistan in northern Pakistan, using high resolution multi-temporal SPOT-5 satellite images. The SPOT-5 satellite images of years 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013 were acquired and classified into land-cover units. In addition, forest cover and land-use change detection map was developed using the classified maps of 2004 and 2013. The classified maps were verified through random field samples and Google Earth imagery(Quick birds and SPOT-5). The results showed that during the period 2004 to 2013 the area of forest land decreased by 6.4%, however, area of range land and agriculture land have increased by 22.1% and 2.9%, respectively. Similarly, barren land increased by 1.1%, whereas, area of snow cover/glacier is significantly decreased by 21.3%. The findings from the study will be useful for forestry and landscape planning and can be utilized by the local, provincial and national forest departments; and REDD+ policy makers in Pakistan.

关键词：土地利用变化森林覆盖率巴基斯坦评价范围 SPOT-5 空间山脉林地面积

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Landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment using multiple statistical approaches along the Karakoram highway,northern Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第3期18卷 583-598页

作者： Mian Luqman HUSSAIN Muhammad shafique Alam Sher BACHA CHEN Xiao-qing CHEN Hua-yong National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 25130Pakistan Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)is a framework of regional connectivity,which will not only benefit China and Pakistan but will have positive impact on Iran,Afghanistan,India,Central Asian Republic,and the *** surrounding area in CPEC is prone to frequent disruption by geological hazards mainly landslides in northern *** landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment are rarely available to utilize for landslide mitigation *** study aims to utilize the high-resolution satellite images to develop a comprehensive landslide inventory and subsequently develop landslide susceptibility maps using multiple *** very high-resolution(VHR)satellite images are utilized to develop a landslide inventory using the visual image classification techniques,historic records and field observations.A total of 1632 landslides are mapped in the *** statistical models i.e.,frequency ratio,artificial neural network,weights of evidence and logistic regression were used for landslide susceptibility modeling by comparing the landslide inventory with the topographic parameters,geological features,drainage and road *** developed landslides susceptibility maps were verified using the area under curve(AUC)*** prediction power of the model was assessed by the prediction rate *** success rate curves show 93%,92.8%,92.7%and 87.4%accuracy of susceptibility maps for frequency ratio,artificial neural network,weights of evidence and logistic regression,*** developed landslide inventory and susceptibility maps can be used for land use planning and landslide mitigation strategies.

关键词： Landslides Inventory map Susceptibility assessment Northern Pakistan CPEC

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Use of health-related quality of life tools in hepatobiliary surgery

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第2期7卷 135-137页

作者： Muhammad shafique Sajid Mawara Iftikhar Jasmin Rimple Mirza Khurrum Baig Department of Surgery Worthing Hospital West Sussex BN11 2DH UK

BACKGROUND: The objective of this article is to review the literature and discuss the various tools used in hepatobiliary surgery for the measurement of health related quality of life (HR-QOL) and highlight various outcome variables that affect the HR-QOL among patients with common hepatobiliary disorders. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed HR-QOL articles published in the last 20 years on different hepatobiliary curative or palliative procedures in all languages. RESULTS: HR-QOL is a questionnaire tool which is utilized to assess the changes in the health status of patients after a hepatobiliary intervention. These surveys are of increasingly importance, as health care providers are challenged to justify treatment approaches and rationale for any surgical intervention. These HR-QOL tools are very helpful for the evaluation of subjective outcome of common hepatobiliary procedures like gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) for cholecystectomy, functional assessment in cancer therapy (FACT) for liver resection, short form 36 (SF-36) for liver transplantation, and quality of life questionnaire for patients with pancreatic cancer (QLQ-PAN). CONCLUSIONS: Use of validated and reliable health instruments in hepatobiliary surgery is directed at measuring the impact in a reproducible and valid fashion. Curative or palliative procedures should be offered to the patients of hepatobiliary disorders after the assessment by HR-QOL tools. Because the impairments of function that may occur after different operations vary considerably, an operation-specific assessment of HR-QOL for each type of surgical procedure is becoming an essential principle to follow in a successful healthcare system.

关键词： quality of life questionnaire hepatobiliary surgery hepatectomy

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Regolith thickness modeling using a GIS approach for landslide distribution analysis, NW Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第11期15卷 2466-2479页

作者： Muhammad BASHARAT Masood QASIM Muhammad shafique Nasir HAMEED Muhammad Tayyib RIAZ Muhammad Rustam KHAN Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir National Center of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar Land Use Planning and Development Department Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Regolith thickness is considered as a contributing factor for the occurrence of ***, mostly it is ignored because of complex nature and as it requires more time and resources for investigation. This study aimed to appraise the role of regolith thickness on landslide distribution in the Muzaffarabad and surrounding areas, NW *** this purpose regolith thickness samples were evenly collected from all the lithological units at representative sites within different slope and elevation classes in the field. Topographic attributes(slope, aspect, drainage, Topographic Wetness Index,elevation and curvature) were derived from the Digital Elevation Model(DEM)(12.5 m resolution).Arc GIS Model Builder was used to develop the regolith thickness model. Stepwise regression technique was used to explore the spatial variation of regolith thickness using topographic attributes and lithological units. The derived model explains about 88% regolith thickness variation. The model was validated and shows good agreement(70%) between observed and predicted values. Subsequently, the derived regolith model was used to understand the relationship between regolith thickness and landslide distribution. The analysis shows that most of the landslides were located within 1-5 m regolith thickness. However, landslide concentration is highest within 5-10 m regolith thickness, which shows that regolith thickness played a significant role for the occurrence of landslide in the studied area.

关键词：厚度变化喜马拉雅山脉 GIS 表土山崩分发模特儿土模型

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Investigation of Illumination Effects on the Electrical Properties of Au/GO/p-lnP Heterojunction with a Graphene Oxide Interlayer

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2020年第4期3卷 269-281页

作者： Dasaradha Rao Lambada Shuming Yang Yiming Wang Peirui Ji Shareen shafique Fei Wang State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

In this work,the electrical property of Au/graphene oxide/p-InP hetero-structure has been evaluated by 1-V and C-V measure-ments in dark and iluminated conditions(visible light).The diode exhibited significant rectifying behavior,thus indicating the heterojunction-lype *** key electrical parameters of heterojunction diode including ideality factor(n),series resistance(R),shunt resistance(Rsh),and barrier height(Фb)are estimated from I-V data based on the theory of thermionic *** modifed Norde and Cheung's methods were utilized to evaluate the electrical parameters and compared the *** current conduction mechanism at different voltage regions of I-V has also been *** variation of 1/C versus voltage signifies linearity at high frequency(1 MHz),indicating that the type of heterojunction can be *** experimental outcomes of this study revealed that the performance of heterojunction diode in dark is considerably good as compared to the ilumination condition with respect to the lower values of Фp,n,R,and interface state density(Nss).

关键词： Electrical propertics Heterojunction diode Graphene oxide I-V and C-V techniques Interface state density Ideality factor

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Efficient hepatoprotective activity of cranberry extract against CCl_4-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rat model: Down-regulation of liver enzymes and strong antioxidant activity

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第11期10卷 1054-1058页

作者： Fahad Hussain Arif Malik Ujala Ayyaz Hassan shafique Zohaib Rana Zahid Hussain Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) The University of Lahore Department of Biochemistry University of AgricultureFaisalabad Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus

Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective efficacy of cranberry extract(CBE)against carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced hepatic injury using in-vivo animal ***: The hepatoprotective efficacy of CBE(200 and 400 mg/kg) was investigated against CCl4(4 m L/kg)-induced hepatotoxicity, elevated liver enzymes [ALT(alanine aminotransferase), AST(aspartate aminotransferase), and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)],and total protein(TP) contents in the serum. Moreover, CBE-aided antioxidant defense against hepatotoxic insult of CCl4 was measured by evaluating a number of anti-oxidative biomarkers including reduced glutathione(GSH), superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the serum by using spectrophotometric ***: Results showed that the exposure of experimental animals to CCl4 did induce significant hepatotoxicity compared to the non-induced(untreated) group. The oral administration of CBE demonstrated a significant dose-dependent alleviation in the liver enzymes(AST, ALT, and ALP), increased antioxidant defense(GSH, SOD, and CAT),and reduced MDA levels in the serum of treated animals compared to the animals without treatment. The resulting data showed that the administration of CBE decreased the serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP compared to the CCl4-induced ***: The resulting data evidenced that CBE exhibits promising hepatoprotective potential against the chemical induced hepatotoxicity, maintains homeostasis in liver enzymes, and can provide significant antioxidant defense against free radicals-induced oxidative stress.

关键词： Hepatotoxicity 碳四氯化物氧化应力肝酶酸果蔓的果实摘录 Hepatoprotective

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Towards Foreign Tourist at Heritage Sites Using GIS: A Case Study of Lahore

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第5期14卷 516-526页

作者： Atif Ali Raheema Elahi Muhammad Atif Butt Rashid Mehmood Kashif shafique Syed Amer Mahmood Department of Space Science University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Canada Department of Geography Forman Christian College University Lahore Pakistan

Pakistan is potentially a good tourist destination for cultural and heritage overs because the Indus and Gandhara Civilizations, and a great Mughals heritage also exists in Pakistan particularly in Lahore city. Tourism is the fastest growing industry in modern world. This study is based on the number of foreign tourist who visited the heritage sites of Lahore. The purpose of the study is to examine the number of foreign tourist who visited the heritage sites of the Lahore at Shalimar Gardens, Lahore Fort and Lahore Museum and to find the tourism trend in Lahore whether it is declining or growing high. The secondary source of data was used and data was collected from archeology department, Lahore Museum and Pakistan Year Book of Statics 2014. Tools used for research purpose were Microsoft excel, Microsoft word and ARC GIS. The number of foreign tourists that visited Lahore fort were highest in 2006 i.e. 21,178 this is the highest number of tourists who visited Lahore Fort in 15 years and 2906 lowest number of foreign tourist who visited Lahore fort, at Shalimar Gardens highest number of foreign tourists was 8558 in 2000 and the lowest number was 309 in 2013 and at Lahore Museum in 7242 tourists is the highest number of Foreign tourist who visited museum in 2000 and the lowest number of foreign tourists that visited Lahore Museum was 1825 in 2010. The trend of foreign tourism in Lahore is declining after the incident of nine eleven due to terrorism. But now with the efforts of government and work of Walled city authority foreign tourism industry is growing in Lahore as it is the Queen of cities having major and attractive heritage places for tourist.

关键词： Temporal Analysis foreign Tourism Lahore Fort Shalimar Gardens Lahore Museum

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Controlled growth of a single carbon nanotube on an AFM probe

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第5期7卷 97-103页

作者： Biyao Cheng Shuming Yang Wei Li Shi Li Shareen shafique Dong Wu Shengyun Ji Yu Sun Zhuangde Jiang State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China National Institute of Metrology Beijing 102200China Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of ChinaAnhui 230027China Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)can be used as atomic force microscopy(AFM)tips for high-resolution scanning due to their small diameter,high aspect ratio and outstanding wear ***,previous approaches for fabricating CNT probes are complex and poorly *** this paper,we introduce a simple method to selectively fabricate a single CNT on an AFM tip by controlling the trigger threshold to adjust the amount of growth solution attached to the *** yield rate is over 93%.The resulting CNT probes are suitable in length,without the need for a subsequent cutting *** used the CNT probe to scan the complex nanostructure with a high aspect ratio,thereby solving the long-lasting problem of mapping complex nanostructures.

关键词： thereby attached carbon

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Presentation delay in breast cancer patients and its association with sociodemographic factors in North Pakistan

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2015年第3期27卷 288-293页

作者： Muhammad Aleem Khan Sheharyar Hanif Sundas Iqbal Muhammad Faheem Shahzad Sehrish shafique Muhammad Taha Khan Department of Nuclear Medicine Nuclear MedicineOncology and Radiotherapy Institute Department of Medicine Ziauddin Medical University Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology Department of Physiology Rawal Institute of Health Sciences Nuffield Brentwood Hospital

Background： There is strong evidence that delayed diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with poor survival. The objectives were to determine the frequency of breast cancer patients with delayed presentation, the reasons of delay and its association with different socio-demographic variables in our ***： We interviewed 315 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients. Delay was defined as more than 3 months from appearance of symptoms to the consultation from doctor. Questions were asked from each patient which could reflect their understanding about the disease and which could be the likely reasons for their delayed ***： A total of 39.01%（n=123） of patients presented late and out of those, 40.7% wasted time using alternative medicines; 25.2% were not having enough resources; 17.1% presented late due to painless lump; 10.6% felt shyness and 6.5% presented late due to other reasons. Higher age, negative family history, 〈8 school years of education and low to middle socio-economic status were significantly associated with delayed presentation（P〈0.05）. Education and socioeconomic status were two independent variables related to the delayed presentation after adjustment for others [odds ratios（OR） of 2.26, 2.29 and 95% confidence intervals（CI） was 1.25-4.10, 1.06-4.94 respectively].Conclusions： Significant percentage of women with breast cancer in North Pakistan is experiencing presentation delay due to their misconceptions about the disease. Coordinated efforts with public health department are needed to educate the focused groups and mitigating the barriers identified in the study. Long term impact will be reduced overall burden of the disease in the region.

关键词： Breast cancer delayed diagnosis survival

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Combining Landsat-8 spectral bands with ancillary variables for land cover classification in mountainous terrains of northern Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第9期18卷 2388-2401页

作者： Arif UR REHMAN Sami ULLAH Muhammad shafique Muhammad Sadiq KHAN Muhammad Tariq BADSHAH LIU Qi-jing College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Forestry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University SheringalDir 18050Pakistan GIS&Space Applications in Geosciences(G-SAG)laboratory at the NCE in Geology University of PeshawarNational Center of GIS and Space ApplicationsPeshawar 25120Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Landsat-8 spectral values have been used to map the earth’s surface information for ***,forest types and other land-use/land-cover(LULC)in the mountain terrains exist on different altitudes and climatic ***,spectral information alone cannot be sufficient to accurately classify the forest types and other LULC,especially in high mountain *** this study,the suitability of Landsat-8 spectral bands and ancillary variables to discriminate forest types,and other LULC,using random forest(RF)classification algorithm for the Hindu Kush mountain ranges of northern Pakistan,was *** prior-examination(multicollinearity)of spectral bands and ancillary variables,three out of six spectral bands and five out of eight ancillary variables were selected with threshold correlation coefficients r2<*** selected datasets were stepwise stacked together and six Input Datasets(ID)were *** first ID-1 includes only the Surface Reflectance(SR)of spectral bands,and then in each ID,the extra one ancillary variable including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI),Normalized Difference Snow Index(NDSI),Land Surface Temperature(LST),and Digital Elevation Model(DEM)was *** found an overall accuracy(OA)=72.8%and kappa coefficient(KC)=61.9%for the classification of forest types,and other LULC classes by using the only SR bands of *** OA=81.5%and KC=73.7%was improved by the addition of NDVI,NDWI,and NDSI to the spectral bands of ***,the addition of LST and DEM further increased the OA,and Kappa coefficient(KC)by 87.5%and 82.6%,*** indicates that ancillary variables play an important role in the classification,especially in the mountain terrain,and should be adopted in addition to spectral *** output of the study will be useful for the protection and conservation,analysis,climate change research,and other mountains forest-related management information.

关键词： Forest types Landuse Landcover Landsat-8 Random forest Ancillary variables Mountain environment

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