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End-To-End Encryption Enabled Lightweight Mutual Authentication Scheme for Resource Constrained IoT Network

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 3223-3249页

作者： shafi ullah Haidawati Muhammad Nasir Kushsairy Kadir Akbar Khan Ahsanullah Memon Shanila Azhar Ilyas Khan Muhammad Ashraf Department of Computer Engineering Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Computer Engineering Section Malaysian Institute of Technology Universiti Kuala LumpurKuala Lumpur50250Malaysia Electrical Engineering Section Universiti Kuala LumpurBritish Malaysian InstituteSalengor53100Malaysia Electrical Engineering Department Mehran UniversityKhairpur-Mirs76062Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication networks consist of resource-constrained autonomous devices, also known as autonomous Internet of things (IoTs) or machine-type communication devices (MTCDs) which act as a backbone for Industrial IoT, smart cities, and other autonomous systems. Due to the limited computing and memory capacity, these devices cannot maintain strong security if conventional security methods are applied such as heavy encryption. This article proposed a novel lightweight mutual authentication scheme including elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) driven end-to-end encryption through curve25519 such as (i): efficient end-to-end encrypted communication with pre-calculation strategy using curve25519;and (ii): elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) based mutual authentication technique through a novel lightweight hash function. The proposed scheme attempts to efficiently counter all known perception layer security threats. Moreover, the pre-calculated key generation strategy resulted in cost-effective encryption with 192-bit curve security. It showed comparative efficiency in key strength, and curve strength compared with similar authentication schemes in terms of computational and memory cost, communication performance and encryption robustness.

关键词： Mutual authentication lightweight end-to-end encryption elliptic curve cryptography industrial internet of things curve25519 machine-to-machine communication

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Curve25519 based lightweight end-to-end encryption in resource constrained autonomous 8-bit IoT devices

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Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 147-159页

作者： shafi ullah Raja Zahilah School of Computing Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 Johor BahruJohorMalaysia

Robust encryption techniques require heavy computational capability and consume large amount of memory which are unaffordable for resource constrained IoT devices and Cyber-Physical Systems with an inclusion of general-purpose data manipulation *** encryption techniques have been introduced to address the inability of such devices,lacking in robust security provision at low *** article presents an encryption technique,implemented on a resource constrained IoT device(AVR ATmega2560)through utilizing fast execution and less memory consumption properties of curve25519 in a novel and efficient lightweight hash *** hash function utilizes GMP library for multi-precision arithmetic calculations and pre-calculated curve points to devise a good cipher block using ECDH based key exchange protocols and large random prime number generator function.

关键词： Cyber-physical systems IoT Resource constrained IoT devices Lightweight encryption End-to-end encryption Elliptic curve cryptography Curve25519

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Recent Developments in Authentication Schemes Used in Machine-Type Communication Devices in Machine-to-Machine Communication: Issues and Challenges

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 93-115页

作者： shafi ullah Sibghat ullah Bazai Mohammad Imran Qazi Mudassar Ilyas Abid Mehmood Muhammad Asim Saleem Muhmmad Aasim Rafique Arsalan Haider Ilyas Khan Sajid Iqbal Yonis Gulzar Kauser Hameed Department of Computer Engineering Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Information Technology Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineeringand Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityHofuf in Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business AdministrationKing Faisal UniversityHofuf in Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of ComputingRiphah International UniversityFaisalabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineeringand Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication plays a fundamental role in autonomous IoT (Internet of Things)-based infrastructure, a vital part of the fourth industrial revolution. Machine-type communication devices(MTCDs) regularly share extensive data without human intervention while making all types of decisions. Thesedecisions may involve controlling sensitive ventilation systems maintaining uniform temperature, live heartbeatmonitoring, and several different alert systems. Many of these devices simultaneously share data to form anautomated system. The data shared between machine-type communication devices (MTCDs) is prone to risk dueto limited computational power, internal memory, and energy capacity. Therefore, securing the data and devicesbecomes challenging due to factors such as dynamic operational environments, remoteness, harsh conditions,and areas where human physical access is difficult. One of the crucial parts of securing MTCDs and data isauthentication, where each devicemust be verified before data transmission. SeveralM2Mauthentication schemeshave been proposed in the literature, however, the literature lacks a comprehensive overview of current M2Mauthentication techniques and the challenges associated with them. To utilize a suitable authentication schemefor specific scenarios, it is important to understand the challenges associated with it. Therefore, this article fillsthis gap by reviewing the state-of-the-art research on authentication schemes in MTCDs specifically concerningapplication categories, security provisions, and performance efficiency.

关键词： Authentication cyber security internet of things machine-type communication devices machine-to-machine communication

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Mathematical Analysis on Pulsatile Flow through a Catheterized Stenosed Artery

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2017年第9期5卷 1874-1886页

作者： shafi ullah Siddiqui Chhama Awasthi Department of Mathematics Harcourt Butler Technical University Kanpur India

In this paper, the pulsatile flow of blood through an inclined catheterized stenosed artery is analyzed. Perturbation method is used to solve the implicit system of partial differential equations with suitable boundary conditions. Various analytical expressions axial velocity, flow rate, wall shear stress and effective viscosity have been derived with the help of MATLAB for understanding the fluid flow phenomena. The combined effect of catheterization, body acceleration, slip and inclination has been seen by plotting the graph and observed that axial velocity and flow rate increases with the increase in body acceleration, inclination angle and slip velocity while axial velocity diminishes on increasing the catheter radius. Wall shear stress increases with the increase in catheter radius and body acceleration but presence of slip velocity reduces the wall shear stress. Effective viscosity diminishes on increasing body acceleration and inclination angle, whereas slightly augmented in non-inclined stenosed artery.

关键词： Newtonian Fluid Blood Flow Stenosis Pulsatile Flow Catheterized Artery

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基于视网膜图像的人眼视网膜生物识别系统

基于视网膜图像的人眼视网膜生物识别系统

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作者： shafi ullah 西安科技大学

学位级别：硕士

基于人眼视网膜的生物识别系统是一种模式识别系统,它根据一个人拥有的特定身体特征的特征源来识别一个人的眼睛视网膜图像。生物识别技术有很多种,其中一种就是用于人的身份识别的生物视网膜模式识别技术。生物模式视网膜识别是一种格... 详细信息

基于人眼视网膜的生物识别系统是一种模式识别系统,它根据一个人拥有的特定身体特征的特征源来识别一个人的眼睛视网膜图像。生物识别技术有很多种,其中一种就是用于人的身份识别的生物视网膜模式识别技术。生物模式视网膜识别是一种格式化的程序,它通过获取一个人的身体内部图像来提供对一个人的准确识别。人的视网膜是由细胞组成的非常微小的组织。为了提高生物识别的安全性,有必要利用人的视网膜图像进行识别。为了避免不法分子和伪造等情况,人类的视网膜是非常宝贵且值得保护的,因为其具有独特的组织结构和特征。在在我的研究工作中,基于人眼视网膜图像的生物识别系统通过卷积神经网络（CNN）进行特征提取并用长短期期记忆网络（LSTM）分类模型或神经网络（NNs）。为了完成这些工作,图像数据使用多个预处理程序进行扩增,因为数据集只包含单个图像人物,所以对图形数据进行了增强。用于增强图像数据的基本方法是锐度、平滑度、对比度调整、噪声添加、镜像、颜色移动、旋转、按比例调整旋转方向和调整旋转方向。本文利用MATLAB仿真工具进行了仿真,在仿真的基础上,对基于Epoch、LSTM Units参数和batch-size的四个模型进行了相互评价。每个模型在年龄上的精度都不同,其中模型四与现有的三个模型相比具有更高的精度。

关键词：人眼视网膜图像生物识别系统 CNN LSTM MATLAB 准确性

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Mathematical Modeling of Diffusion Phenomenon in a Moderately Constricted Geometry

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Applied Mathematics 2011年第2期2卷 241-246页

作者： Shailesh Mishra Narendra Kumar Verma shafi ullah Siddiqui 不详

The incorporation of fluid flow through modelled normal and stenosed capillary-tissue exchange system has highlighted issues that may have major applications for the study of diffusion phenomenon. Results clearly demonstrate the important roles played by various physiological characteristics and diffusion variables involved in the analysis on blood flow. Assessment of the severity of the disease could be made possible through the variation of a parameter named as retention parameter. An attempt has been made to study the effects of local variation of viscosity on flow, wall-shearing stress and distribution of dissolved material in diseased artery as compared to the normal.

关键词： Stenosis Diffusion Wall Shear Stress Viscosity Retention Parameter

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Effect of Slip Velocity on Blood Flow through a Catheterized Artery

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Applied Mathematics 2011年第6期2卷 764-770页

作者： Narendra Kumar Verma Shailesh Mishra shafi ullah Siddiqui Ram Saran Gupta 不详

A mathematical model for pulsatile flow of blood in a catheterized artery in presence of an axisymmetric stenosis with a velocity slip at the constricted wall is proposed. The expressions for the flow characteristics, velocity profiles, the flow resistance, the wall shear stress, the effective viscosity are obtained in the present analysis. The effects of slip velocity on the blood flow characteristics are shown graphically and discussed briefly.

关键词： Pulsatile Stenosis Catheter Flow Resistance Wall Shear Stress Slip Velocity

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Review of Techniques for Integrating Security in Software Development Lifecycle

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 139-172页

作者： Hassan Saeed Imran shafi Jamil Ahmad Adnan Ahmed Khan Tahir Khurshaid Imran Ashraf College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Rawalpindi46604Pakistan Department of Computer Science Abasyn University Islamabad CampusIslamabad45510Pakistan Military College of Signals National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Rawalpindi46600Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea

Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our *** conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up *** purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way *** review follows Kitchenham’s review *** review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and *** the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation *** risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation *** a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat *** review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the *** estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software *** accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep *** is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are *** challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security *** achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.

关键词： Software development lifecycle systematic literature review critical software security risks national institute of standards and technology DevSecOps open web application security project McGraw’s touch points

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Reasons for discontinuing tirzepatide in randomized controlled trials:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第4期16卷 284-296页

作者： Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul-Hasan Joseph M Pappachan Deep Dutta Lakshmi Nagendra Mohammad shafi Kuchay Nitin Kapoor Department of Endocrinology Mymensingh Medical CollegeMymensingh 2200DhakaBangladesh Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology KMC Medical CollegeManipal UniversityManipal 576104India Department of Endocrinology CEDAR Superspeciality HealthcareDwarka New Delhi 110075India Department of Endocrinology JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education&ResearchMysore 570015India Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Medanta the Medicity HospitalGurugram 122001HaryanaIndia Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismChristian Medical College and HospitalVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia Non-Communicable Disease Unit Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneCarlton 3053VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic benefits,discontinuation of tirzepatide is common in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)due to adverse events(AEs)and other *** previous systematic reviews have explored the reasons for discontinuing tirzepatide in the *** To explore the reasons for permanent discontinuation of tirzepatide vs controls[placebo,insulin,and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1Ras)]in *** Relevant RCTs were systematically searched using related terms through multiple databases such as MEDLINE(via PubMed),Scopus,Cochrane Central Register,and *** from their inception until June 20,*** web was used to conduct meta-analysis using random-effects *** were presented as risk ratios(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS Seventeen RCTs(n=14645),mostly having low risks of bias,were *** to placebo,the risk of permanent discontinuation of the study drug was substantially lower with tirzepatide 10 mg(RR:0.69,95%CI:0.51-0.93,P=0.02)and similar with tirzepatide 5 mg(RR:0.74,95%CI:0.47-1.17,P=0.20)and 15 mg(RR:0.94,95%CI:0.68-1.31,P=0.71).Tirzepatide had identical discontinuation risks when compared to insulin at 5 mg(RR:0.96,95%CI:0.75-1.24,P=0.77)and 10 mg(RR:1.19,95%CI:0.77-1.82,P=0.44)doses,whereas such risk was higher with tirzepatide 15 mg than insulin(RR:1.31,95%CI:1.03-1.67,P=0.03).Compared to GLP-1RA,the permanent discontinuation risk was similar with tirzepatide 5 mg(RR:0.98,95%CI:0.70-1.37,P=0.90)but was higher with tirzepatide 10 mg(RR:1.40,95%CI:1.03-1.90,P=0.03)and 15 mg(RR:1.70,95%CI:1.27-2.27,P=0.0004).Tirzepatide,at all doses,had higher risks of AE-related discontinuation than insulin;such risks were only greater with higher doses of tirzepatide than with placebo or *** risk due to withdrawal by the study subjects was lower with tirzepatide than with placebo or *** to the placebo,tirzepatide(all doses)conferred a lower risk of study drug di

关键词： Tirzepatide Drug adherence Study drug discontinuation Adverse events Withdrawal by the study subjects

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Demographic trends in mortality with older population due to atrial fibrillation and flutter from 1999-2020

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WORLD JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 2025年第1期17卷 99933页

作者： Sukaina, Mahnoor Waheed, Marium Rehman, shafi Hasibuzzaman, Md Al Meghani, Rabab Karachi Med & Dent Coll Dept Internal Med Karachi 75270 Pakistan Khyber Med Univ Dept Histopathol Peshawar 25000 Pakistan Univ Dhaka Inst Nutr & Food Sci Suhrawardi Udyan Rd Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Columbia Univ Dept Bioeth New York NY 10027 USA

Atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter (AFL) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. The known risk factors for developing AF/AFL include age, structural heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hyperthyroidism. This study aims to attribute the trends in AF/AFL-related mortalities over the past two decades 1999-2020 concerning race and sex and disparity among them. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that estimates the trends and mortality due to AF/AFL from 1999-2020 in older adults in the United States. In this 21-year analysis of mortality data, we found a constant increase in mortality rates due to AF/AFL in older adults. From 1999 to 2020, the overall mortality in older adults aged 65 and above, regardless of sex and race, is found to be almost doubled i.e. about a 50.2% increase in the number of deaths due to AF/AFL. Furthermore, other confounding risk factors such has obesity, prior myocardial infarction, inflammation, hypertension, birth weight, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women increases the risk in the occurrence or recurrent occurrence of AF.

关键词： Demographic trends United States Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter Older population

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