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Recent Developments in Authentication Schemes Used in Machine-Type Communication Devices in Machine-to-Machine Communication: Issues and Challenges

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 93-115页

作者： shafi ullah Sibghat ullah Bazai Mohammad Imran Qazi Mudassar Ilyas Abid Mehmood Muhammad Asim Saleem Muhmmad Aasim Rafique Arsalan Haider Ilyas Khan Sajid Iqbal Yonis Gulzar Kauser Hameed Department of Computer Engineering Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Information Technology Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineeringand Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityHofuf in Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business AdministrationKing Faisal UniversityHofuf in Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of ComputingRiphah International UniversityFaisalabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineeringand Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication plays a fundamental role in autonomous IoT (Internet of Things)-based infrastructure, a vital part of the fourth industrial revolution. Machine-type communication devices(MTCDs) regularly share extensive data without human intervention while making all types of decisions. Thesedecisions may involve controlling sensitive ventilation systems maintaining uniform temperature, live heartbeatmonitoring, and several different alert systems. Many of these devices simultaneously share data to form anautomated system. The data shared between machine-type communication devices (MTCDs) is prone to risk dueto limited computational power, internal memory, and energy capacity. Therefore, securing the data and devicesbecomes challenging due to factors such as dynamic operational environments, remoteness, harsh conditions,and areas where human physical access is difficult. One of the crucial parts of securing MTCDs and data isauthentication, where each devicemust be verified before data transmission. SeveralM2Mauthentication schemeshave been proposed in the literature, however, the literature lacks a comprehensive overview of current M2Mauthentication techniques and the challenges associated with them. To utilize a suitable authentication schemefor specific scenarios, it is important to understand the challenges associated with it. Therefore, this article fillsthis gap by reviewing the state-of-the-art research on authentication schemes in MTCDs specifically concerningapplication categories, security provisions, and performance efficiency.

关键词： Authentication cyber security internet of things machine-type communication devices machine-to-machine communication

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Advances in Manta Ray Foraging Optimization:A Comprehensive Survey

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 953-990页

作者： Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh shafi Ghafouri Mohammad Namazi Bahman Arasteh Department of Computer Engineering Urmia BranchIslamic Azad UniversityUrmiaIran Department of Computer Engineering Tabriz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTabrizIran Department of Computer Engineering Maybod BranchIslamic Azad UniversityMaybodIran Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural ScienceIstinye UniversityIstanbulTurkey

This paper comprehensively analyzes the Manta Ray Foraging Optimization(MRFO)algorithm and its integration into diverse academic fields.Introduced in 2020,the MRFO stands as a novel metaheuristic algorithm,drawing inspiration from manta rays’unique foraging behaviors—specifically cyclone,chain,and somersault foraging.These biologically inspired strategies allow for effective solutions to intricate physical challenges.With its potent exploitation and exploration capabilities,MRFO has emerged as a promising solution for complex optimization problems.Its utility and benefits have found traction in numerous academic sectors.Since its inception in 2020,a plethora of MRFO-based research has been featured in esteemed international journals such as IEEE,Wiley,Elsevier,Springer,MDPI,Hindawi,and Taylor&Francis,as well as at international conference proceedings.This paper consolidates the available literature on MRFO applications,covering various adaptations like hybridized,improved,and other MRFO variants,alongside optimization challenges.Research trends indicate that 12%,31%,8%,and 49%of MRFO studies are distributed across these four categories respectively.

关键词： Manta ray foraging optimization Metaheuristic algorithms Hybridization Improved Optimization

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Curve25519 based lightweight end-to-end encryption in resource constrained autonomous 8-bit IoT devices

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Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 147-159页

作者： shafi ullah Raja Zahilah School of Computing Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 Johor BahruJohorMalaysia

Robust encryption techniques require heavy computational capability and consume large amount of memory which are unaffordable for resource constrained IoT devices and Cyber-Physical Systems with an inclusion of general-purpose data manipulation tasks.Many encryption techniques have been introduced to address the inability of such devices,lacking in robust security provision at low cost.This article presents an encryption technique,implemented on a resource constrained IoT device(AVR ATmega2560)through utilizing fast execution and less memory consumption properties of curve25519 in a novel and efficient lightweight hash function.The hash function utilizes GMP library for multi-precision arithmetic calculations and pre-calculated curve points to devise a good cipher block using ECDH based key exchange protocols and large random prime number generator function.

关键词： Cyber-physical systems IoT Resource constrained IoT devices Lightweight encryption End-to-end encryption Elliptic curve cryptography Curve25519

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On the Zeros of a Special Class of Polynomials

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Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications 2024年第4期 470-474页

作者： Mahnaz shafi CHISHTI Vipin Kumar TYAGI Mohammad Ibrahim MIR School of Basic and Applied Sciences Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University) Department of Mathematics University of KashmirSouth Campus

Let P be a complex polynomial of the form P （z）=（λz-a）mΠj=1n-m（z-zj）,where|zj|≥1,1≤j≤n-m.The aim of this paper is to obtain generalisation of a result due to Zargar and Manzoor and a result due to Mir,Nazir and Wani.We shall also obtain an interesting bound which contains the zeros of the second derivative of P （z）.

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基于视网膜图像的人眼视网膜生物识别系统

基于视网膜图像的人眼视网膜生物识别系统

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作者： shafi ullah 西安科技大学

学位级别：硕士

基于人眼视网膜的生物识别系统是一种模式识别系统,它根据一个人拥有的特定身体特征的特征源来识别一个人的眼睛视网膜图像。生物识别技术有很多种,其中一种就是用于人的身份识别的生物视网膜模式识别技术。生物模式视网膜识别是一种格... 详细信息

基于人眼视网膜的生物识别系统是一种模式识别系统,它根据一个人拥有的特定身体特征的特征源来识别一个人的眼睛视网膜图像。生物识别技术有很多种,其中一种就是用于人的身份识别的生物视网膜模式识别技术。生物模式视网膜识别是一种格式化的程序,它通过获取一个人的身体内部图像来提供对一个人的准确识别。人的视网膜是由细胞组成的非常微小的组织。为了提高生物识别的安全性,有必要利用人的视网膜图像进行识别。为了避免不法分子和伪造等情况,人类的视网膜是非常宝贵且值得保护的,因为其具有独特的组织结构和特征。在在我的研究工作中,基于人眼视网膜图像的生物识别系统通过卷积神经网络（CNN）进行特征提取并用长短期期记忆网络（LSTM）分类模型或神经网络（NNs）。为了完成这些工作,图像数据使用多个预处理程序进行扩增,因为数据集只包含单个图像人物,所以对图形数据进行了增强。用于增强图像数据的基本方法是锐度、平滑度、对比度调整、噪声添加、镜像、颜色移动、旋转、按比例调整旋转方向和调整旋转方向。本文利用MATLAB仿真工具进行了仿真,在仿真的基础上,对基于Epoch、LSTM Units参数和batch-size的四个模型进行了相互评价。每个模型在年龄上的精度都不同,其中模型四与现有的三个模型相比具有更高的精度。

关键词：人眼视网膜图像生物识别系统 CNN LSTM MATLAB 准确性

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Biochar-mediated removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous matrices via adsorption

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第1期5卷 37-62页

作者： Sahil Chauhan Tajamul shafi Brajesh Kumar Dubey Shamik Chowdhury School of Environmental Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India

Pharmaceutical is one of the noteworthy classes of emerging contaminants. These biologically active compounds pose a range of deleterious impacts on human health and the environment. This is attributed to their refractory behavior, poor biodegradability, and pseudopersistent nature. Their large-scale production by pharmaceutical industries and subsequent widespread utilization in hospitals, community health centers, and veterinary facilities, among others, have significantly increased the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in various environmental compartments. Several technologies are currently being evaluated to eliminate pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) from aqueous environments. Among them, adsorption appears as the most viable treatment option because of its operational simplicity and low cost. Intensive research and development efforts are, therefore, currently underway to develop inexpensive adsorbents for the effective abatement of PCs. Although numerous adsorbents have been investigated for the removal of PCs in recent years, biochar-based adsorbents have garnered tremendous scientific attention to eliminate PCs from aqueous matrices because of their decent specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry, scalable production, and environmentally benign nature. This review, therefore, attempts to provide an overview of the latest progress in the application of biochar for the removal of PCs from wastewater. Additionally, the fundamental knowledge gaps in the domain knowledge are identified and novel strategic research guidelines are laid out to make further advances in this promising approach towards sustainable development.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals Adsorption Adsorbents Biochar Wastewater treatment

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The Application of Hybrid Krill Herd Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm for Scientific Workflow Scheduling in Fog Computing

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第5期20卷 2443-2464页

作者： Aveen Othman Abdalrahman Daniel Pilevarzadeh shafi Ghafouri Ali Ghaffari Department of Civil Engineering Garmian UniversityBardasureKalarIraq Department of Computer Engineering Tabriz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTabriz***Iran Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIstinye UniversityIstanbulTurkey

Fog Computing(FC)provides processing and storage resources at the edge of the Internet of Things(IoT).By doing so,FC can help reduce latency and improve reliability of IoT networks.The energy consumption of servers and computing resources is one of the factors that directly affect conservation costs in fog environments.Energy consumption can be reduced by efficacious scheduling methods so that tasks are offloaded on the best possible resources.To deal with this problem,a binary model based on the combination of the Krill Herd Algorithm(KHA)and the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm(AHA)is introduced as Binary KHA-AHA(BAHA-KHA).KHA is used to improve AHA.Also,the BAHA-KHA local optimal problem for task scheduling in FC environments is solved using the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling(DVFS)method.The Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time(HEFT)method is used to discover the order of task flow execution.The goal of the BAHA-KHA model is to minimize the number of resources,the communication between dependent tasks,and reduce energy consumption.In this paper,the FC environment is considered to address the workflow scheduling issue to reduce energy consumption and minimize makespan on fog resources.The results were tested on five different workflows(Montage,CyberShake,LIGO,SIPHT,and Epigenomics).The evaluations show that the BAHA-KHA model has the best performance in comparison with the AHA,KHA,PSO and GA algorithms.The BAHA-KHA model has reduced the makespan rate by about 18%and the energy consumption by about 24%in comparison with GA.This is a preview of subscription content,log in via an institution to check access.

关键词： Workflow Scheduling Fog Computing Internet of Things Hummingbird Algorithm Krill Algorithm

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Analyzing and Enabling the Harmonious Coexistence of Heterogeneous Industrial Wireless Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1671-1690页

作者： Bilal Khan Danish Shehzad Numan shafi Ga-Young Kim Muhammad Umar Aftab Department of Computer Science National University of Computer and Emerging SciencesIslamabadChiniot-Faisalabad CampusChiniot35400Pakistan Faculty of General Education Kangnam UniversityKorea

Nowadays multiple wireless communication systems operate in industrial environments side by side.In such an environment performance of one wireless network can be degraded by the collocated hostile wireless network having higher transmission power or higher carrier sensing threshold.Unlike the previous research works which considered IEEE 802.15.4 for the Industrial Wireless communication systems(iWCS)this paper examines the coexistence of IEEE 802.11 based iWCS used for delay-stringent communication in process automation and gWLAN(general-purpose WLAN)used for non-real time communication.In this paper,we present a Markov chain-based performance model that described the transmission failure of iWCS due to geographical collision with gWLAN.The presented analytic model accurately determines throughput,packet transaction delay,and packet loss probability of iWCS when it is collocated with gWLAN.The results of the Markov model match more than 90%with our simulation results.Furthermore,we proposed an adaptive transmission power control technique for iWCS to overcome the potential interferences caused by the gWLAN transmissions.The simulation results show that the proposed technique significantly improves iWCS performance in terms of throughput,packet transaction,and cycle period reduction.Moreover,it enables the industrial network for the use of delay critical applications in the presence of gWLAN without affecting its performance.

关键词： Round robin distributed coordination function interference csma ieee 802.11 factory automation process automation

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High Performance MPI over the Slingshot Interconnect

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2023年第1期38卷 128-145页

作者： Kawthar shafie Khorassani Chen-Chun Chen Bharath Ramesh Aamir shafi Hari Subramoni Dhabaleswar K.Panda Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210U.S.A.

The Slingshot interconnect designed by HPE/Cray is becoming more relevant in high-performance computing with its deployment on the upcoming exascale systems.In particular,it is the interconnect empowering the first exascale and highest-ranked supercomputer in the world,Frontier.It offers various features such as adaptive routing,congestion control,and isolated workloads.The deployment of newer interconnects sparks interest related to performance,scalability,and any potential bottlenecks as they are critical elements contributing to the scalability across nodes on these systems.In this paper,we delve into the challenges the Slingshot interconnect poses with current state-of-the-art MPI(message passing interface)libraries.In particular,we look at the scalability performance when using Slingshot across nodes.We present a comprehensive evaluation using various MPI and communication libraries including Cray MPICH,Open-MPI+UCX,RCCL,and MVAPICH2 on CPUs and GPUs on the Spock system,an early access cluster deployed with Slingshot-10,AMD MI100 GPUs and AMD Epyc Rome CPUs to emulate the Frontier system.We also evaluate preliminary CPU-based support of MPI libraries on the Slingshot-11 interconnect.

关键词： AMD GPU interconnect technology MPI(message passing interface) Slingshot

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Channel Measurements and Models for 6G

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China Communications 2022年第11期19卷 I0002-I0004页

作者： Jianhua Zhang Bo Ai Chengxiang Wang Xiang Cheng Mansoor shafi Wei Fan BUPT China Inst Commun Beijing Peoples R China BUPT CMCC Joint Res Ctr Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Jiaotong Univ Beijing Peoples R China State Key Lab Rail Traff Control & Safety Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Inst Elect Beijing Peoples R China Acad Europaea Aalborg Denmark Peking Univ Beijing Peoples R China Victoria Univ Wellington Sch Engn Wellington New Zealand Aalborg Univ Antennas Propagat & Millimeter Wave Syst APMS Sec Aalborg Denmark

In the early stage of 6G research,carrying out research on channel measurements and models is one of the fundamental and prerequisite works,as well as full of the challenges.Driven by the demand for multiple frequency bands,versatile scenarios,and various new technologies in the future,6G channels are expanding in multiple dimensions such as the space-time-frequency domains.Those all make 6G channel measurement and modeling research face a series of new challenges,e.g.,non-stationarity in multiple dimensions,the obvious increase in modeling complexity,and changes in theoretical premises and assumptions.It is therefore clear that more efforts are needed to understand propagation characteristics,especially in the new scenes and applications,and to develop a new paradigm for 6G channel modeling.

关键词： channel dimensions versatile

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