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Miniaturized Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Antenna

Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023年第1期11卷 1-10页

作者： shafaq kausar Ahmed kausar Hani Mehrpouyan Muhammad Hadi Salahuddin Tariq Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boise State University Boise ID USA Arts & Science Division at University of Toronto Toronto Canada School of Engineering Ulster University Belfast United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA

In this article we propose a miniaturized dual-band electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna. The antenna can generate up to two steerable beams. The beam-steering range of the proposed antenna is 360˚ in the azimuth plane. The antenna’s eual-band coverage includes the frequency ranges from 2.3 GHz to 2.53 GHz and from 2.9 GHz to 3.7 GHz. The antenna consists of six folded parasitic monopole elements surrounding an active conical element. The folded monopole element design offers three times lower antenna height than that of the conventional ESPAR antennas. The active element has conical shape and it is larger in length than the parasitic monopole elements, this enables the dual-band operation. Thus, the proposed design is not only smaller than the conventional ESPAR antennas but it also achieves dual-band operation. Despite its compact design, the antenna has a peak gain of 6.3 dBi, which is equivalent to the gain of conventional ESPAR antennas. These characteristics make the antenna a good candidate for next generation communication systems.

关键词： 5G IoT Antenna Phased Array Wifi ESPAR Wireless

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Intelligent computing networks for nonlinear influenza-A epidemic model

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2023年第4期16卷 125-154页

作者： Nabeela Anwar Muhammad Shoaib Iftikhar Ahmad shafaq Naz Adiqa kausar Kiani Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja Department of Mathematics University of Gujrat Punjab 50700 Pakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS University Islamabad Attock Campus Attock 43600 Pakistan Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 UniversityRoad Section 3 DouliouYunlin 64002TaiwanR.O.C.

The differential equations having delays take paramount interest in the research community due to their fundamental role to interpret and analyze the mathematical models arising in biological *** study deals with the exploitation of knack of artificial intelligence-based computing paradigm for numerical treatment of the functional delay differential systems that portray the dynamics of the nonlinear influenza-A epidemic model(IA-EM)by implementation of neural network backpropagation with Levenberg-Marquardt scheme(NNBLMS).The nonlinear IA-EM represented four classes of the population dynamics including susceptible,exposed,infectious and recovered *** referenced datasets for NNBLMS are assembled by employing the Adams method for sufficient large number of scenarios of nonlinear IA-EM through the variation in the infection,turnover,disease associated death and recovery *** arbitrary selection of training,testing as well as validation samples of dataset are utilizing by designed NNBLMS to calculate the approximate numerical solutions of the nonlinear IA-EM develop a good agreement with the reference *** proficiency,reliability and accuracy of the designed NNBLMS are further substantiated via exhaustive simulations-based outcomes in terms of mean square error,regression index and error histogram studies.

关键词： Functional delay differential systems nonlinear influenza-A epidemic model Adams method neural networks Levenberg-Marquardt scheme intelligent computing regression analysis

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