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Natural Disasters and Economic Growth: A Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第2期5卷 157-163页

作者： Nourin shabnam School of Accounting Economics and FinanceDeakin University

This article provides a literature review of economic growth theories and identifies the implications of growth theories in addressing potential impacts of uncertain shocks, that is natural disasters. The extant literature seems inconclusive: some find positive effects of natural disasters on economic growth and others suggest either negative or no effect as such. Using a large panel dataset of 187 countries observed from 1960 to 2010, this article shows that the total number of people affected by floods significantly decreases the annual GDP per capita growth rate, whereas the death toll from floods has no substantial effect on the annual GDP per capita growth rate. One thousand in every one million people affected by floods decrease the GDP per capita growth rate by 0.005 %. This result is plausible, as floods are likely to create havoc in people’s livelihoods rather than claim a high human death toll. The article outlines future directions of research in the field of natural disaster augmented growth empirics.

关键词： floods disaster likely

Application of an immobilized microbial consortium for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater: Batch-wise and continuous studies

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第1期34卷 391-400页

作者： shabnam Murshid Gnana Prakash Dhakshinamoorthy Department of Chemical Engineering SSN College of EngineeringKalavakkamTamil Nadu 603110India

In the present investigation,a microbial consortium consisting of four bacterial strains was selected for the treatment of pharmaceutical industry wa *** consortium was immobilized on a natural support matrixLuffa and used for the treatment of real-time pharmaceutical wastewater in batch and continuous *** batch process was carried out to optimize the culture conditions and monitor the enzymatic *** array of enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase,aldehyde dehydrogenase,monooxygenase,catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and hydroquinol 1,2-dioxygenase were produced by the *** kinetics of the degradation in the batch process was analyzed and it was noted to be a first-order *** the continuous study,an aerobic fixed-film bioreactor(AFFBR) was utilized for a period of 61 days with variable hydraulic retention time(HRT) and organic loading rate(OLR).The immobilized microbes treated the wastewater by reducing the COD,phenolic contaminants and suspended *** OLR ranged between(0.56±0.05) kg COD·m^(-3) d^(-1) to 3.35 kg COD·m^(-3)·d^(-1) and the system achieved an average reduction of 96.8% of COD,92.6% of phenolic compounds and 95.2% of suspended *** of the continuous process was interpreted by three different models,where the modified Stover Kincannon model and the Grau second-order model proved to be best fit for the degradation reaction with the constant for saturation value,k_(L) being 95.12 g·L^(-1)·d^(-1).the constant for maximum utilization of the substrate U_(max) being 90.01 g·L^(-1) d^(-1) and substrate removal constant KY was1.074 d^(-1) for both the ***-MS analysis confirmed that most of the organic contaminants were degraded into innocuous metabolite s.

关键词： Pharmaceutical wastewater Microbial consortium Immobilization Batch study Fixed film bioreactor Kinetic studies

Regulation of antitumor immunity by inflammation-induced epigenetic alterations

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第1期19卷 59-66页

作者： Michael Karin shabnam Shalapour Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Cancer Biology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA

Chronic inflammation promotes tumor development,progression,and metastatic dissemination and causes treatment *** accumulation of genetic alterations and loss of normal cellular regulatory processes are not only associated with cancer growth and progression but also result in the expression of tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens that may activate antitumor *** antagonism between inflammation and immunity and the ability of cancer cells to avoid immune detection affect the course of cancer development and treatment *** inflammation,particularly acute inflammation,supports T-cell priming,activation,and infiltration into infected tissues,chronic inflammation is mostly ***,the main mechanisms that dictate the outcome of the inflammation-immunity interplay are not well *** data suggest that inflammation triggers epigenetic alterations in cancer cells and components of the tumor *** alterations can affect and modulate numerous aspects of cancer development,including tumor growth,the metabolic state,metastatic spread,immune escape,and immunosuppressive or immunosupportive leukocyte *** this review,we discuss the role of inflammation in initiating epigenetic alterations in immune cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,and cancer cells and suggest how and when epigenetic interventions can be combined with immunotherapies to improve therapeutic outcomes.

关键词： Inflammation Epigenetics Antitumor immunity Immunotherapy

Effect of foundation flexibility on ductility reduction factors for R/C stack-like structures

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2011年第2期10卷 277-290页

作者： Amir M.Halabian shabnam Kabiri Faculty of Civil Engineering Isfahan University of Technology

The most important parameter used to determine force reduction factors in force-based design procedures adopted in the current seismic codes is the structural ductility. For a structure supported on a flexible foundation, the ductility factor could be affected by foundation compliances. The ductility factors given in the current codes are mostly assigned ignoring the effect of SSI and therefore the objective of this research is to assess the significance of SSI phenomenon on ductility factors of stack-like structures. The deformed configuration of stack-fike structures is idealized as an assemblage of beam elements considering nonlinear moment-curvature relations, while a linear sway-rocking model was implemented to model the supporting soil. Using a set of artificial records, repeated linear and nonlinear analyses were performed by gradually increasing the intensity of acceleration to a level where the first yielding of steel in linear and nonlinear analyses is observed and a level corresponding to the stack collapse in the nonlinear analysis. The difference between inelastic and elastic resistance in terms of displacement ductility factors has been quantified. The results indicate that foundation flexibility can decrease the ductility of the system and neglecting this phenomenon may lead to erroneous conclusions in the prediction of the seismic performance of flexibly-supported R/C stack-like structures.

关键词： soil-structure interaction R/C stack-like structures ductility

A Novel Energy and Communication Aware Scheduling on Green Cloud Computing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第12期77卷 2791-2811页

作者： Laila Almutairi shabnam Mohamed Aslam Department of Computer Engineering Computer Science and Information Technology CollegeMajmaah UniversityAl Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Computer Science and Information Technology CollegeMajmaah UniversityAl Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

The rapid growth of service-oriented and cloud computing has created large-scale data centres *** data centres’operating costs mostly come from back-end cloud infrastructure and energy *** cloud computing,extensive communication resources are ***,cloud applications require more bandwidth to transfer large amounts of data to satisfy end-user *** is also essential that no communication source can cause congestion or bag loss owing to unnecessary switching *** paper proposes a novel Energy and Communication(EC)aware scheduling(EC-scheduler)algorithm for green cloud computing,which optimizes data centre energy consumption and traffic *** primary goal of the proposed EC-scheduler is to assign user applications to cloud data centre resources with minimal utilization of data *** first introduce a Multi-Objective Leader Salp Swarm(MLSS)algorithm for task sorting,which ensures traffic load balancing,and then an Emotional Artificial Neural Network(EANN)for efficient resource ***-scheduler schedules cloud user requirements to the cloud server by optimizing both energy and communication delay,which supports the lower emission of carbon dioxide by the cloud server system,enabling a green,unalloyed *** tested the proposed plan and existing cloud scheduling methods using the GreenCloud simulator to analyze the efficiency of optimizing data centre energy and other scheduler *** EC-scheduler parameters Power Usage Effectiveness(PUE),Data Centre Energy Productivity(DCEP),Throughput,Average Execution Time(AET),Energy Consumption,and Makespan showed up to 26.738%,37.59%,50%,4.34%,34.2%,and 33.54%higher efficiency,respectively,than existing state of the art schedulers concerning number of user applications and number of user requests.

关键词： EC-scheduler green cloud energy efficiency task scheduling task sorting resource allocation

Effect of copper nanoparticles on thermal behavior of two-phase argon-copper nanofluid flow in rough nanochannels with focusing on the interface properties and heat transfer using molecular dynamics simulation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第2期35卷 344-350页

作者： shabnam Ghahremanian Abbas Abbassi Zohreh Mansoori Davood Toghraie Department of Mechanical Engineering Amirkabir University of TechnologyTehranIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Amirkabir University of TechnologyHafez Ave.P.O.Box 15916-34311TehranIran Energy Research Center Amirkabir University of TechnologyHafez Ave.P.O.Box 15916-34311TehranIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Khomeinishahr BranchIslamic Azad UniversityKhomeinishahrIran

A comparison between the efficacy of surface boundary structure and presence of nanoparticles on the condensation two-phase flow inside rough nanochannels has been accomplished by applying molecular dynamics procedure to evaluate the thermal conductivity and flow *** is performed in a computational region with two copper walls containing rectangular rough elements under different saturated *** main properties of liquid–vapor interface including density and the number of liquid atoms,are *** is observed that the density profile is more affected by nanoparticles than the ***,compared to the condensation of nanofluid in a smooth nanochannel,the rough wall causes a greater drop in the temperature at the early time steps and by development of liquid films,effects of the wall roughness *** the first of the condensation process,adding nanoparticle causes that transferring argon particles to the liquid phase increases with a steeper ***,heat current autocorrelation function(HCACF)for nanofluid condensation flow over considered correlation time is analyzed and following that the thermal conductivity for different saturated conditions is *** has been represented that at lower temperatures the roughness makes more significant influence on the heat transfer of two-phase flow,while at higher temperatures the importance of nanoparticles prevails.

关键词： Two-phase flow Nanofluid Roughness element Thermal conductivity

Local vs. cross station simulation of suspended sediment load in successive hydrometric stations: heuristic modeling approach

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第10期13卷 1773-1788页

作者： Kiyoumars ROUSHANGAR shabnam HOSSEINZADEH Jalal SHIRI Department of Civil Hydraulics Engineering Faulty of Civil Engineering University of Tabriz Department of Water Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz

The present paper aims at modeling suspended sediment load(SSL) using heuristic data driven methodologies, e.g. Gene Expression Programming(GEP) and Support Vector Machine(SVM) in three successive hydrometric stations of Housatonic River in U.S. The simulations were carried out through local and cross-station data management scenarios to investigate the interrelations between the SSL values of upstream/downstream stations. The available scenarios were applied to predict SSL values using GEP to obtain the best models. Then, the best models were predicted by SVM approach and the obtained results were compared with those of GEP. The comparison of the results revealed that the SVM technique is more capable than the GEP for modeling the SSL through the both local and cross-station data management strategies. Besides, local application seems to be better than cross-station application for modeling SSL. Nevertheless, the cross-station application demonstrated to be a valid methodology for simulating SSL, which would be of interest for the stations with lack of observational data. Also, the prediction capability of conventional Sediment Rating Curve(SRC) method was compared with those of GEPand SVM techniques. The obtained results revealed the superiority of GEP and SVM-based models over the traditional SRC technique in the studied stations.

关键词： Suspended sediment load Successive hydrometric stations Gene expression programming Support vector machine

An evaluation of central Iran’s protected areas under different climate change scenarios (A Case on Markazi and Hamedan provinces)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第1期17卷 68-82页

作者： Peyman KARAMI Sahar REZAEI shabnam SHADLOO Morteza NADERI Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment SciencesMalay er UniversityMalayer65719-95863HamedanIran Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment SciencesUniversity of GuilanSowmehsara419961-3778GuilanIran Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Natural SciencesArak UniversityArak 38156-8-8349Iran

Global climate change poses a new challenge for species and can even push some species toward an extinction vortex. The most affected organisms are those with narrow tolerance to the climatic factors but many large mammals such as ungulates with a wider ecological niche are also being affected indirectly. Our research mainly used wild sheep in central Iran as a model species to explore how the suitable habitats will change under different climatic scenarios and to determine if current borders of protected areas will adequately protect habitat requirements. To create habitat models we used animal-vehicle collision points as an input for species presence data. We ran habitat models using Max Ent modeling approach under different climatic scenarios of the past, present and future(under the climatic scenarios for minimum(RCP2.6) and maximum(RCP8.5) CO2 concentration trajectories). We tried to estimate the overlap and the width of the ecological niche using relevant metrics. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the protected areas, suitable maps were concerted to binary maps using True Skill Statistic(TSS) threshold and measured the similarity of the binary maps for each scenario using Kappa index. In order to assess the competence of the present protected areas boundary in covering the distribution of species, two different scenarios were employed, which are ensemble scenario 1: an ensemble of the binary maps of the species distribution in Mid-Holocene, present, and RCP2.6;and ensemble scenario 2: an ensemble of binary suitability maps in Mid-Holocene, present, and RCP8.5. Then, the borders of modeled habitats with the boundaries of 23 existing protected areas in two central provinces in Iran were compared. The predicted species distribution under scenario 1(RCP2.6) was mostly similar to its current distribution(Kappa = 0.53) while the output model under scenario 2(RCP8.5) indicated a decline in the species distribution range. Under the first ensemble scenario, curr

关键词： Climatic Scenarios Species Distribution Modeling Protected area Niche modeling Wild Sheep

An Overview of PRP-Delivering Scaffolds for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 674-693页

作者： Somayeh Baghersad Behzad Bolandi Rana Imani shabnam Afaghi Samira Davoudinia Department of Textile Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)Tehran159163-4311Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)Tehran159163-4311Iran

Tissue engineering is nowadays an emerging approach that aims to replace or regenerate diseased or damaged organs with engineered constructs. Considering the key role of growth factors (GFs) in the tissue regeneration process, these biomolecules are considered an important part of the tissue engineering process, so the presence of growth factors in engineered scaffolds can accelerate tissue regeneration by influencing the behavior of cells. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as an autologous source of a variety of growth factors, is considered a therapeutic agent for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Regarding its ability to promote the healing process and tissue regeneration, PRP therapy has attracted great attention in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Incorporating PRP and its derivatives into engineered scaffolds not only bioactivates the scaffold, but the scaffold matrix also acts as a sustained and localized growth factor release system. In addition, the presence of a scaffold can promote the bioactivity of GFs by providing an environment that facilitates their interaction, leading to enhanced effects compared to their free form. This review presents a brief overview of PRP's role in bone and cartilage tissue regeneration with the main focus on scaffold-mediated PRP delivery. In addition, the classification of platelet-rich products, current extraction techniques, terminology, and scaffold bioactivation methods are presented to provide a better understanding of the basics and the key aspects that may affect the effectiveness of therapy in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

关键词： Platelet-rich plasma Growth factors delivery Scaffold Bone Cartilage