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Metabolic puzzle: Exploring liver fibrosis differences in Asian metabolic-associated fatty liver disease subtypes

World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 54-64页

作者： Sabhita shabir Shaikh Fakhar Ali Qazi-Arisar Saba Nafay Sidra Zaheer Hafeezullah Shaikh Zahid Azam National Institute of Liver and GI Diseases Dow University of Health SciencesSindhKarachi 75330Pakistan School of Public Health Dow University of Health SciencesSindhKarachi 75330Pakistan

BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a liver condition marked by excessive fat buildup in the absence of heavy alcohol *** is primarily linked with metabolic issues like insulin resistance,obesity,and abnormal lipid levels,and is often observed with other conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular ***,whether the subtypes of MAFLD based on the metabolic disorder differentially impact liver fibrosis is not well explicated,especially in the Asian *** To compare the severity of liver fibrosis among different MAFLD *** A total of 322 adult patients of either gender with fatty liver on ultrasound were enrolled between January to December *** was defined as per the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver ***-4 index(Fib-4)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score(NFS)were employed to evaluate liver *** The mean age was 44.84±11 ***-two percent of the patients were *** hundred and seventy-three patients were classified as having MAFLD,of which 110(40.3%)carried a single,129(47.3%)had two,and 34(12.5%)had all three metabolic *** cumulative number of metabolic conditions was related to elevated body mass index,triglyceride(TG)levels,and glycated hemoglobin,lower high-density lipoprotein(HDL)levels,higher liver inflammation(by aspartate aminotransferase andγ-glutamyl transferase),and higher likelihood of fibrosis(by NFS and Fib-4 scores)(P<0.05 for all).The proportion of advanced fibrosis also increased with an increase in the number of metabolic conditions(4.1%,25.5%,35.6%,and 44.1%by NFS and 6.1%,10.9%,17%,and 26.5%by Fib-4 for no MAFLD and MAFLD with 1,2,and 3 conditions,respectively).Among MAFLD patients,those with diabetes alone were the eldest and had the highest mean value of NFS score and Fib-4 score(P<0.05),while MAFLD patients diagnosed with lean metabolic dysfunction exhibited the highest levels of TG and a

关键词： Metabolic syndrome Diabetes Fatty liver disease Dyslipidemia Obesity

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Potential for Maternally Administered Vaccine for Infant Group B Streptococcus

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四川生理科学杂志 2023年第8期45卷 1384-1384页

作者： shabir a.madhi From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M. R. Strehlau A.I. G.K. S.J. L.J.) the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Faculty of Health Sciences Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital (R. Strehlau) and Wits RHI Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand (L.F.) Johannesburg the Division of Neonatal Medicine School of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town and Mowbray Maternity Hospital Cape Town (A.M.N.) the Clinical Neonatology Unit Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital (N.N.) and the Department of Medical Microbiology National Health Laboratory Services Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital and College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Y.R.) Durban the University of Pretoria and the Tshwane Academic Division National Health Laboratory Services Pretoria (M.S.) and the Family Center for Research with Ubuntu Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch (S.L.B.) — all in South Africa and Vaccine Research and Development Pfizer Pearl River NY (A.S.A. J.A. D.R. R. Simon B.J. R.N. S.M. Z.J. D.P. N.C.S.M. E.G. J.L.P. D.A.S. W.C.G. K.U.J.).

Background:Natural history studies have correlated serotype-specific anti-capsular polysaccharide(CPS)IgG in newborns with a reduced risk of group B streptococcal disease.A hexavalent CPS-cross-reactive material 197 glycoconjugate vaccine(GBS6)is being developed as a maternal vaccine to prevent invasive group B streptococcus in young ***:In an ongoing phase 2,placebo-controlled trial involving pregnant women,we assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of various GBS6 formulations and analyzed maternally transferred anti-CPS *** a parallel seroepidemiologic study that was conducted in the same population,we assessed serotype-specific anti-CPS IgG concentrations that were associated with a reduced risk of invasive disease among newborns through 89 days of age to define putative protective thresholds.

关键词： protective transferred conjugate

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination during Pregnancy and Effects in Infants

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四川生理科学杂志 2021年第1期43卷 143-143页

作者： shabir a.madhi From the Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit and the Department of Science and Technology–National Research Foundation Vaccine Preventable Diseases University of the Witwatersrand (S.A.M. C.L.C.) and Shandukani Research Centre Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (M.S.M.) Johannesburg Setshaba Research Centre Soshanguve (K.A. A.O.) and the Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Hospital (M.F.C.) and the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health University of Cape Town (H.J.Z.) Cape Town — all in South Africa Fundación INFANT (F.P.P. R.L.) Hospital Militar Central Dr. Cosme Argerich (G.P.M.) and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (R.L.) Buenos Aires and the Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Hospital del Niño Jesús Tucumán (C.J.L.) — both in Argentina the Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology Baylor College of Medicine Houston (P.A.P. F.M.M.) the University of Auckland Middlemore Hospital Auckland New Zealand (A.A.T.) the Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine and the Children’s Hospital Colorado Center for Global Health Colorado School of Public Health Aurora (E.A.F.S.) the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke University Durham NC (G.K.S.) Novavax (S.A. A.A. J.C. I.C. A.F. J.S.P. V.S. D.N.T. J.W. G.M.G. L.F.F.) Gaithersburg and the Department of International Health International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health (A.H.B.) and the Center for American Indian Health Department of International Health (L.H.) Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore — all in Maryland the Vaccine Institute (A.C. P.T.H.) and the Vascular Biology Research Centre Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute (A.K.) St. George’s Uni

Background:Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the dominant cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants,with the most severe cases concentrated among younger ***:Healthy pregnant women,at 28 weeks 0 days through 36 weeks 0 days of gestation,with an expected delivery date near the start of the RSV season,were randomly assigned in an overall ratio of approximately 2:1 to receive a single intramuscular dose of RSV fusion(F)protein nanoparticle vaccine or placebo.

关键词： respiratory vaccine younger

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Exosomes derived from tumor adjacent fibroblasts efficiently target pancreatic tumors

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第7期14卷 3009-3026页

作者： Saini Setua Shabia shabir Poornima Shaji Ana Martinez Bulnes Anupam Dhasmana Swathi Holla Nivesh K.Mittal Nirakar Sahoo Tripti Saini Francesco Giorgianni Mohammad Sikander Andrew E.Massey Bilal B.Hafeez Manish K.Tripathi Vincent P.Diego Meena Jaggi Junming Yue Nadeem Zafar Murali M.Yallapu Stephen W.Behrman Sheema Khan Subhash C.Chauhan Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacyand College of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center(UTHSC)MemphisTN 36163USA Department of Computer Science Islamic University of Science and TechnologyAwantiporaJ&K 192122India Department of Immunology and Microbiology School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX 78504USA South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research School of Medicinethe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX 78504USA Himalayan School of Biosciences and Cancer Research Institute Himalayan Institute of Medical SciencesSwami Rama Himalayan UniversityDehradun 248016India Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions UTHSCMemphisTN 38104USA Department of Biology College of SciencesUTRGVMcAllenTX 78539USA National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering(NIBIB) National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute UTRGVMcAllenTX 78504USA Dept.of Laboratory Medicine&Pathology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Surgery Baptist Memorial Medical EducationBaptist Memorial HospitalMemphisTN 38120USA Baptist Health Sciences University MemphisTN 38104USA

The application of extracellular vesicles,particularly exosomes(EXs),is rapidly expanding in the field of medicine,owing to their remarkable properties as natural carriers of biological *** study investigates utilization of exosomes derived from stromal cells of tumor adjacent normal tissues(NAF-EXs)for personalized medicine,which can be derived at the time of diagnosis by endoscopic ***,we show that exosomes(EXs)derived from NAFs demonstrate differential bio-physical characteristics,efficient cellular internalization,drug loading efficiency,pancreatic tumor targeting and delivery of ***-derived EXs(NAF-EXs)were used for loading ormeloxifene(ORM),a potent anti-cancer and desmoplasia inhibitor as a model *** found that ORM maintains normal fibroblast cell phenotype and renders them incompatible to be triggered for a CAF-like phenotype,which may be due to regulation of Ca^(2+) influx in fibroblast ***-EXs-ORM effectively blocked oncogenic signaling pathways involved in desmoplasia and epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)and repressed tumor growth in xenograft mouse *** conclusion,our data suggests preferential tropism of NAF-EXs for PDAC tumors,thus imply feasibility of developing a novel personalized medicine for PDAC patients using autologous NAF-EXs for improved therapeutic outcome of anti-cancer ***,it provides the opportunity of utilizing this biological scaffold for effective therapeutics in combination with standard therapeutic regimen.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Tumor adjacent normal tissue fibroblasts(NAF) Desmoplasia Extracellular vesicles Exosomes Tumor targeting Ormeloxifene Personalized medicine

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2019年全球、地区和国家5岁以下儿童呼吸道合胞病毒引发急性下呼吸道感染疾病负担研究的系统分析

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中国病毒病杂志 2023年第2期13卷 81-95页

作者： You Li Xin Wang Dianna M.Blau Mauricio T.Caballero Daniel R.Feikin Christopher J.Gill shabir a.madhi Saad B.Omer Eric A.F Simoes Harry Campbell Ana Bermejo Pariente Darmaa Bardach Quique Bassat Jean-Sebastien Casalegno Giorgi Chakhunashvili Nigel Crawford Daria Danilenko Lien Anh Ha Do Marcela Echavarria Angela Gentile Aubree Gordon Terho Heikkinen QSue Huang Sophie Jullien Anand Krishnan Eduardo Luis Lopez Josko Markic Ainara Mira-Iglesias Hannah CMoore Jocelyn Moyes Lawrence Mwananyanda DJames Nokes Faseeha Noordeen Evangeline Obodai Nandhini Palani Candice Romero Vahid Salimi Ashish Satav Euri Seo Zakhar Shchomak Rosalyn Singleton Kirill Stolyarov Sonia K Stoszek Anne von Gottberg Danielle Wurzel Lay-Myint Yoshida Chee Fu Yung Heather J Zar Harish Nair 张甜甜从兵兵邓舒予不详南京医科大学公共卫生学院江苏南京211166

背景呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)是引起婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染最常见的病原体。此前估计,2015年全球60月龄以下儿童共发生3 310万次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致118 200人死亡。此后,几项社区监测研究获得了对RS... 详细信息

背景呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)是引起婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染最常见的病原体。此前估计,2015年全球60月龄以下儿童共发生3 310万次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致118 200人死亡。此后,几项社区监测研究获得了对RSV相关社区死亡的更精确估计。本文旨在更新2019年全球、地区和国家层面60月龄以下儿童RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率和死亡率,重点关注总体死亡率和在研RSV免疫制剂针对的更窄的婴儿年龄组。方法检索获得MEDLINE、Embase、Global Health、CINAHL、Web of Science、LILACS、OpenGrey、中国知网、万方和维普数据库2017—2020年发表文献中的新数据,并纳入RSV GEN合作者提供的未发表数据,以扩展全球RSV疾病负担数据集。纳入的研究符合以下条件:报告了社区中或需要住院治疗的60月龄以下儿童RSV原发性急性下呼吸道感染的数据;报告了至少连续12个月的数据,但院内病死率或RSV季节性定义明确的地区除外;报告了RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率、住院率、院内病死率或急性下呼吸道感染住院的RSV阳性比例。如果病例定义不明或应用不一致、RSV感染未经实验室确认或仅基于血清学检测、报告的急性下呼吸道感染病例少于50例,则排除该研究。本研究应用广义线性混合效应模型(generalized linear mixed-effects model,GLMM)估计了2019年全球和地区(按国家发展状况和世界银行收入分类)RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率、住院率和院内病死率;通过基于危险因素的模型估计了国家层面RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率;通过GLMM开发了新模型,纳入最新的RSV社区死亡率数据,用于估计RSV的总体死亡率。本综述已在PROSPERO注册(CRD42021252400)。结果除了先前综述中纳入的317项研究外,还纳入了113项符合条件的新研究以及51项未发表的研究,共计481项研究。据估计,2019年全球60月龄以下儿童中,共发生3 300万(置信区间为2 540万~4 460万)次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致360万(290万~460万)例住院、26 300(15 100~49 100)例院内死亡以及101 400(84 500~125 200)例可归因于RSV的总死亡数。在0~6个月的婴儿中,共发生660万(460万~970万)次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致140万(100万~200万)例住院、13 300(6 800~28 100)例院内死亡以及45 700(38 400~55 900)例可归因于RSV的总死亡数。60月龄以下和28 d~6月龄儿童的死亡中分别有2.0%(置信区间为1.6%~2.4%)和3.6%(3.0%~4.4%)归因于RSV。在各年龄组中,95%以上的RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染事件和97%以上的可归因于RSV的死亡事件都发生在中低收入国家。结论 RSV显著增加了全球60月龄以下儿童的发病和死亡负担,尤其是在出生后前6个月和中低收入国家。本研究强调了全球RSV疾病的总体死亡率负担,60月龄以下儿童中,每50例死亡就有1例可归因于RSV;28 d至6个月大的婴儿中,每28例死亡就有1例可归因于RSV。每1例RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染院内死亡,对应社区中约3例可归因于RSV的死亡。对6月龄内婴儿提供保护的RSV被动免疫计划有望对减轻RSV疾病负担,但实施计划时,仍需要更多数据来了解RSV疾病负担高峰可能向大龄转移的影响。

关键词：呼吸道合胞病毒下呼吸道感染儿童疾病负担住院发病率死亡率病死率模型估计系统分析

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IoT-Fog Architectures in Smart City Applications:A Survey

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China Communications 2021年第11期18卷 117-140页

作者： Shahid Sultan Hajam shabir Ahmad Sofi Department of Information Technology National Institute of TechnologyHazaratbal Srinagar 190006Jammu and KashmirIndia

Smart cities improve the quality of life of people by utilizing the benefits of Information and communication technology(ICT)and the Internet of things(IoT).The applications of the smart city often rely on the cloud for *** doubt cloud provides an ample amount of resources as a service but still it has limitations in terms of unreliable latency,mobility,and location awareness due to their multi-hop distance from the IoT *** computing avoids these limitations by providing services nearer to the *** this work we investigate the already proposed IoT-Fog based application specific smart city architectures and review them based on scalability,heterogeneity,mobility,energy conservation,latency,and ***,we discuss the applications and highlight the challenges that fog computing *** also present a case study of a smart city scenario with multiple applications of IoT.

关键词： fog computing edge computing mobile edge computing resource allocation,offloading software defined networks smart city smart grid

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Performance Evaluation of Topological Infrastructure in Internet-of-Things-Enabled Serious Games

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 2653-2666页

作者： shabir Ahmad Faheem Khan Taeg Keun Whangbo Department of I.T.Convergence Engineering Gachon UniversitySujeong-GuSeongnam-SiGyeonggi-Do461-701Korea

Serious games have recently enticed many researchers due to their wide range of capabilities.A serious game is a mean of gaming for a serious job such as healthcare,education,and entertainment *** the advancement in the Internet of Things,new research directions are paving the way in serious ***,the internet connectivity of players in Internetof-things-enabled serious games is a matter of concern and has been worth *** studies on topologies,frameworks,and architecture of communication technologies are conducted to integrate them with serious games on machine and network ***,the Internet of things,whose core requirement is the provision of connectivity on the application layer,has different challenges for more dynamic applications such as serious *** performance of Internet-of-things-enabled serious games depends on the type of infrastructure(wired,wireless)network and Mobile Ad-hoc Network(MANET)and is subtly different from one type of network to *** paper investigates the connectivity challenges in the Internet-of-thingsenabled serious games using the mentioned infrastructure and identifies the core requirements for these *** also aims to evaluate various parameters such as reliability,scalability,response time,to name a few,with varying infrastructure and network *** highlight the preliminary infrastructure finding and highlight the core setup for which the games are ***,this work will be a steppingstone for architecting the connectivity in serious games in a typical smart space with many infrastructures such as wired networks,wireless networks,and MANET.

关键词： Internet of things games AI serious games topologies connectivity

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Spider monkey optimization based resource allocation and scheduling in fog computing environment

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高置信计算(英文) 2023年第3期3卷 81-88页

作者： Shahid Sultan Hajam shabir Ahmad Sofi Department of Information Technology National Institute of Technology SrinagarSrinagar 190006India

Spider monkey optimization(SMO)is a quite popular and recent swarm intelligence algorithm for numerical *** is Fission-Fusion social structure based algorithm inspired by spider monkey’s *** algorithm proves to be very efficient in solving various constrained and unconstrained optimization *** paper presents the application of SMO in fog *** propose a heuristic initialization based spider monkey optimization algorithm for resource allocation and scheduling in a fog computing *** algorithm minimizes the total cost(service time and monetary cost)of tasks by choosing the optimal fog *** job fastest processor(LJFP),shortest job fastest processor(SJFP),and minimum completion time(MCT)based initialization of SMO are proposed and compared with each *** performance is compared based on the parameters of average cost,average service time,average monetary cost,and the average cost per *** results demonstrate the efficacy of MCT-SMO as compared to other heuristic initialization based SMO algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).

关键词： Swarm intelligence Spider monkey optimization Fog computing Task scheduling

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A review on offloading in fog-based Internet of Things:Architecture,machine learning approaches,and open issues

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高置信计算(英文) 2023年第2期3卷 83-92页

作者： Kalimullah Lone shabir Ahmad Sofi National Institute of Technology SrinagarJammu and Kashmir 190006India

There is an exponential increase in the number of smart devices,generating helpful information and posing a serious challenge while processing this huge *** processing is either done at fog level or cloud level depending on the size and nature of the *** data to fog or cloud adds latency,which is less in fog and more in the *** methods of processing data and tasks at fog level or cloud are mostly machine learning *** this paper,we will discuss all three levels in terms of architecture,starting from the internet of things to fog and fog to ***,we will describe machine learning-based offloading from the internet of things to fog and fog to ***,we will come up with current research directions,issues,and challenges in the IoT–fog–cloud environment.

关键词： Fog computing Internet of Things Machine learning Architectures Offloading Data

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Some Homological Characterizations of Semigroups and Semirings

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第10期27卷 2065-2072页

作者： Javed AHSAN Zhong Kui LIU Muhammad shabir Department of Mathematics International Islamic University H-10 CampusIslamabad 44000 Pakistan Department of Mathematics Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan

In this paper we characterize semirings all of whose p-injective semimodules are injective. We also classify monoids all of whose p-injective acts are injective.

关键词： P-injective semimodule injective semimodule p-injective act injective act

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