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Association between Weight Change during Treatment and Treatment Outcome in Patients with Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第6期4卷 446-453页

作者： Mohammad Khajedaluee Maliheh Dadgarmoghaddam Davoud Attaran Amirhossein Zabihi seyedhassan ashrafi School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Science Mashhad Iran

Tuberculosis (TB) is known as a disease of poverty and declared as a global public health emergency by World Health Organization (WHO). Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common type of TB and is a wasting disease. It is expected that the patients who lost weight during the course of disease, will gain weight during successful treatment. So the aim of this study was to assess the body weight changes through the treatment and its possible association with treatment outcome in TB patients in Nishapur, an ancient city in Razavi Khorasan province in Iran. This is an observational analytical study. Patients were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and available information. Treatment Protocol for all patients was Directly Observed Treatment, short Course Strategy (at least 6 months). All patients were weighed at the beginning of treatment, after two months and at the end of treatment. Outcome of treatment was classified into: cured, completed treatment, treatment failure and death. Then the impact of weight changes during treatment was compared in subgroups. From 874 patients, 819 patients (93.9%) were new cases, 48 (5.3%) relapse, 5 patients (0.6%) patients who did not complete their treatment and 2 (0.2%) had failed prior therapy. The most common symptoms in all patients were: cough, sputum, weight loss, fever, sweats, and hemoptysis. 8.1% of patients had radiologic signs and the most common signs were cavity (2.9%). The weight change during treatment was 2.91 ± 5.59 kg in cured group, 3.3 ± 3.29 kg in completed treatment group, 2.95 ± 5.59 kg in treatment failure group and 1.02 ± 3.27 in dead group respectively. These differences were statistically significant between the four groups (p < 0.03). We can conclude that body weight change can be used as a predictor for the treatment outcome.

关键词： Pulmonary Tuberculosis Body Weight Change Treatment Outcome

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Effect of prisms on visual acuity,contrast sensitivity and nystagmus in patients with albinism

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第10期17卷 1864-1868页

作者： Maryam Dashti Abbas Riazi Majid ashrafi Saeed Rahmani Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabaei Department of Optometry School of RehabilitationShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Optometry School of RehabilitationIran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Audiology School of RehabilitationShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran School of Rehabilitation Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

AIM:To investigate the effect of using base-out prisms on nystagmus,visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with ***:In this interventional study,patients with albinism who had nystagmus were enrolled.A comprehensive eye exam was conducted,which included refraction,assessment of far and near vision acuity,and contrast sensitivity *** check for the nystagmus,a videonystagmography was *** tests were carried out in three modes:without any correction,with optical correction,and with correction using base-out prisms in three different powers,including 4,6,and 8 prism ***:Totally 23 patients with average age of 28.65±12.13 were *** was found that the use of optical correction and optical correction with prisms resulted in a statistically significant improvement in both far(at least:P<0.006)and near visual acuity(at least:P<0.001 except for prism 8;P<0.02).In addition,contrast sensitivity significantly improved at all low and medium frequencies except for correction with prism 8 in frequency 1.5(at least:P<0.01 except for prism 4,frequency 6;P=0.04).no significant improvement was observed in the evaluation of nystagmus ***:Optical correction with a prism can improve visual acuity and some spatial frequencies,but failed to improve nystagmus parameters.

关键词： nystagmus albinism prism

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Full Non-Rigid Group and Symmetry of Dimethyltrichlorophosphorus

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2005年第7期23卷 829-834页

作者： ashrafi AliReza DepartmentofMathematics FacultyofScienceUniversityofKashanKashanIran

In this work, a simple method is described, by means of which it is possible to calculate character tables for the symmetry group of molecules consisting of a number of NH 3 groups attached to a rigid framework. The full non‐rigid group (f‐NRG) of dimethyltrichlorophosphorus with the symmetry group D 3h was studied. It has been proven that it is a group of order 216 with 27 conjugacy classes and its character table computed. Finally, thePermutation‐Inversion group of this molecule was calculated.

关键词： dimethyltrichlorophosphorus full non‐rigid group character table

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Investigation of sensitivity and threshold voltage shift of commercial MOSFETs in gamma irradiation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2016年第6期27卷 166-171页

作者： Saleh ashrafi Baharak Eslami Faculty of Physics University of Tabriz Department of Physics Payame Noor University

This article is about the absorbed-dose-dependent threshold voltage shift of the MOSFET *** of the MOSFETs has been tested in different gate *** of the transistors for 662 ke V gamma ray is studied in 1–5 Gy dose *** was found that for transistors irradiated in biased mode,significant changes in the threshold voltage occurred,and the sensitivity to gamma rays increased with the bias voltage.

关键词：阈值电压漂移 MOSFET γ射线照射敏感性商业吸收剂量偏置电压晶体管

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New approach to solving master equations of density operator for the Jaynes Cummings model with cavity damping

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第9期23卷 65-70页

作者： Seyed Mahmoud ashrafi Mohammad Reza Bazrafkan Physics Department Faculty of ScienceI.K.I.University

By introducing thermo-entangled state representation Ⅰη〉, which can map master equations of density operator in quantum statistics as state-vector evolution equations, and using ＂dissipative interaction picture＂ we solve the master equation of Jaynes-Cummings model with cavity damping. In addition we derive the Wigner function for density operator when the atom is initially in the up state Ⅰ↑〉 and the cavity mode is in coherent state.

关键词： Jaynes-Cummings model entangled state representation master equations

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Fabrication and characterization of nanocrystalline Al/Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si alloys by consolidation of mechanically alloyed powders

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第7期21卷 711-719页

作者： Hamid ashrafi Rahmatollah Emadi Mohammad Hosein Enayati Department of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology

The aim of this study was to produce bulk nanocrystalline Al/Al12（Fe,V）3Si alloys by mechanical alloying （MA） and subsequent hot pressing （HP） of elemental powders. A nanostructured Al-based solid solution was formed by MA of elemental powders for 60 h. After HP of the as-milled powders at 550℃ for 20 min, the Al12（Fe,V）3Si phase was precipitated in a nanocrystalline Al matrix. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images of the bulk samples represented a homogeneous and uniform microstructure that was superior to those previously obtained by rapid solidification-powder metallurgy （RS-PM）. Nanostructured Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si and Al-11.6Fe-1.3V-2.3Si alloys ex-hibited high HV hardness values of～205 and～254, respectively, which are significantly higher than those reported for the RS-PM counter-parts.

关键词： aluminum alloys nanostructured materials mechanical alloying hot pressing hardness

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Unraveling a Driven Damped Harmonic Oscillator through Entangled State Representation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第11期30卷 22-24页

作者： Seyed Mahmoud ashrafi Mohammad Reza Bazrafkan Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceI.K.I.UniversityQazvinIran

Employing the thermo-entangled state representation,the common eigenstates of relative position and the total momentum of a two-mode system,we solve the master equation of a damped harmonic oscillator driven by a time... 详细信息

关键词： field momentum harmonic

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Void Formation and Plastic Deformation Mechanism of a Cold-Rolled Dual-Phase Steel During Tension

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2020年第2期33卷 299-306页

作者： Hamid ashrafi Morteza Shamanian Rahmatollah Emadi Ehsan Ghassemali Department of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan 84156-83111Iran School of Engineering J?nk?ping UniversityBox 102655111 J?nk?pingSweden

The void formation and plastic deformation micromechanisms of a cold-rolled DP600 steel during tensile loading were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The SEM observations revealed that the main void nucleation mechanism in the DP600 steel is decohesion at the ferrite-martensite *** voids were mostly observed between the closely spaced martensite islands situated at the boundaries of relatively finer ferrite *** EBSD results indicated a strain gradient developed from the ferrite-martensite and ferrite-ferrite interfaces into the interior of ferrite grains during the tensile deformation,which led to a stress concentration at these ***,it was demonstrated that local misorientation inside the finer ferrite grains surrounded by martensite islands was higher than that for the coarser ferrite grains,which made the former more prone to void initiation.

关键词： Dual-phase steel Void nucleation Fracture mechanism

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Tribological Properties of Nanostructured Al/Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si Alloys

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第1期28卷 83-92页

作者： Hamid ashrafi Mohammad Hosein Enayati Rahmatollah Emadi Department of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan 84156-83111 Iran

Tribological behavior of nanostructured pure Al and Al–Al12（Fe,V）3Si alloys containing 27（FVS0812） and 37（FVS1212） vol% of Al12（Fe,V）3Si precipitates was investigated. All samples were prepared using mechanical alloying followed by hot pressing. Wear tests were performed at room temperature using a pin-on-disk machine. Results showed that the presence of Al12（Fe,V）3Si precipitates increases the wear resistance of nanostructured Al, and the wear resistance increases with increasing the Al12（Fe,V）3Si content. Scanning electron microscopy images of worn surfaces and wear debris demonstrated that abrasion and adhesion are the governing wear mechanisms for the nanostructured FVS0812 alloy at 2 and 5 N normal loads, whereas for the nanostructured FVS1212 alloy, the dominant wear mechanism is abrasion at these loads. A mechanically mixed layer（MML） containing Fe and O was formed on the worn surfaces of FVS0812 and FVS1212 samples at 10 N normal load. Formation and delamination of MML controls the wear behavior of these samples at the normal load of 10 N. It is also found that the presence of Al12（Fe,V）3Si precipitates decreases the friction coefficient of nanostructured Al.

关键词： Al–Fe–V–Si alloy Wear Scanning electron microscopy

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Improved nonlinear fluid model in rotating flow

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第11期33卷 1419-1430页

作者： N. ashrafi H. KARIMI-HAGHIGHI Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University

The pseudoplastic circular Couette flow （CCF） in annuli is investigated. The viscosity is dependent on the shear rate that directly affects the conservation equations solved by the spectral method in the present study. The pseudoplastic model adopted here is shown to be the suitable representative of nonlinear fluids. Unlike the previous studies, where only the square of the shear ered to ease the numerical manipulations, quadratic power is also taken into account. rate term in the viscosity expression is consid- in the present study, the term containing the The curved streamlines of the CCF can cause the centrifugal instability leading to toroidal vortices, known as the Taylor vortices. It is further found that the critical Taylor number becomes lower as the pseudoplastic effect increases. The comparison with the existing measurements on the pseudoplastic CCF results in good agreement.

关键词： pseudoplastic circular Couette flow (CCF) toroidal vortex spectralmethod

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