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Characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddy fields in South Korea under climate change scenario RCP-8.5 using the DNDC model

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 332-341页

作者： Wonjae HWANG Chanyang KIM Kijong CHO seunghun hyun Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841(South Korea)

Understanding the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission from rice paddy fields is essential to come up with appropriate countermeasure in response to global ***,GHG emissions from paddy fields in South Korea are not well *** objectives of this study were to estimate the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and methane(CH_(4))emissions from rice paddy fields in South Korea,under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5(RCP-8.5)climate change scenario using the DNDC(i.e.,DeNitrification-DeComposition)model at 1-km^(2)*** performance of the model was verified with field data collected using a closed chamber,which supports the application of the model to South *** the model predictions and field measurements showed that most(>95%)GHG emissions occur in the cropping period,between April and *** a baseline(assuming no climate change),the national sums of the CO_(2)and CH_(4)emissions for the 2020 s and 2090 s were estimated to be 5.8×10^(6)and 6.0×10^(6)t CO_(2)-equivalents(CO_(2)-eq)year^(-1)for CO_(2)and 6.4×10^(6)and 6.6×10^(6)t CO_(2)-eq year^(-1)for CH_(4),respectively,indicating no significant changes over 80 *** RCP-8.5,in the 2090 s,CH_(4)emissions were predicted to increase by 10.7×10^(6)and 14.9×10^(6)t CO_(2)-eq year^(-1),for a 10-or 30-cm tillage depth,***,the CO_(2)emissions gradually decreased with rising temperatures,due to reduced root *** tillage increased the emissions of both GHGs,with a more pronounced effect for CH_(4)than CO_(2).Intermittent drainage in the middle of the cropping season can attenuate the CH_(4)emissions from paddy *** findings of this work will aid in developing nationwide policies on agricultural land management in the face of climate change.

关键词： CH_(4) CO_(2) model performance paddy soil rising temperature tillage depth

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Small but big leaps towards neuroglycomics:exploring N-glycome in the brain to advance the understanding of brain development and function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 489-490页

作者： Boyoung Lee hyun Joo An Center for Cognition and Sociality Institute for Basic Science(IBS)DaejeonSouth Korea Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site DaejeonSouth Korea Graduate School of Analytical Science&Technology Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea

Glycosylation is a process that involves the addition of sugar moieties or glycans to different types of molecules,including proteins,lipids,and nucleic *** these,protein glycosylation is one of the most prevalent forms of post-translational modification,playing a crucial role in biological *** more than ten monosaccharides identified within mammalian brain cells and more than 1×1012 possible combinations,the heterogeneity of glycosylation is extensive(Conroy et al.,2021).The diversity of glycans and the complexity of their structures allow for a wide range of protein functions.N-glycans are one of the most abundant forms of glycans and are involved in various cellular functions.N-glycans can be added to proteins at specific sequons,Asn-X-Ser/Thr,and are classified into three main types in mature glycoproteins:high mannose,complex,and *** mannose N-glycans consist of 5-9 mannose residues linked to a chitobiose core and undergo processing into complex or hybrid forms in the Golgi apparatus(Varki et al.,2017).Complex N-glycans are more diverse and contain various branched structures such as antennae with fucose,galactose,and sialic acid *** N-glycans contain one or more complex branches in conjunction with an oligomannose branch(Fisher and Ungar,2016).Understanding the specific functions of these different types of N-glycans in protein regulation,folding,and function is an active area of research in the life sciences,including glycobiology.

关键词： functions function apparatus

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Novel Rifle Number Recognition Based on Improved YOLO in Military Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 249-263页

作者： hyun Kwon Sanghyun Lee Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoulKorea Graduate School of Information Security Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea

Deep neural networks perform well in image recognition,object recognition,pattern analysis,and speech *** military applications,deep neural networks can detect equipment and recognize *** military equipment,it is necessary to detect and recognize rifle management,which is an important piece of equipment,using deep neural *** have been no previous studies on the detection of real rifle numbers using real rifle image *** this study,we propose a method for detecting and recognizing rifle numbers when rifle image data are *** proposed method was designed to improve the recognition rate of a specific dataset using data fusion and transfer *** the proposed method,real rifle images and existing digit images are fusedas trainingdata,andthe final layer is transferredto theYolov5 *** detectionand recognition performance of rifle numbers was improved and analyzed using rifle image and numerical *** used actual rifle image data(K-2 rifle)and numeric image datasets,as an experimental *** was used as the machine learning *** results show that the proposed method maintains 84.42% accuracy,73.54% precision,81.81% recall,and 77.46% F1-score in detecting and recognizing rifle *** proposed method is effective in detecting rifle numbers.

关键词： Machine learning deep neural network rifle number recognition detection

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Ungraded Matrix Factorizations as Mirrors of Non-orientable Lagrangians

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第1期40卷 26-42页

作者： Lino AMORIM Cheol-hyun CHO Department of Mathematics Kansas State University138 Cardwell Hall1228 N.17th StreetManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Research Institute of MathematicsSeoul National UniversitySan 56-1ShinrimdongGwanakguSeoul 47907South Korea

We introduce the notion of ungraded matrix factorization as a mirror of non-orientable Lagrangian *** ungraded matrix factorization of a polynomial W,with coefficients in a field of characteristic 2,is a square matrix Q of polynomial entries satisfying Q^(2)=W·*** then show that non-orientable Lagrangians correspond to ungraded matrix factorizations under the localized mirror functor and illustrate this construction in a few *** main example is the Lagrangian submanifold RP^(2)⊂CP^(2)and its mirror ungraded matrix factorization,which we construct and *** particular,we prove a version of Homological Mirror Symmetry in this setting.

关键词： Mirror symmetry non-orientable Lagrangian submanifold matrix factorization

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Depolarization mitigated in ferroelectric Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)ultrathin films(<5 nm)on Si substrate by interface engineering

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第3期13卷 282-292页

作者： Se hyun Kim Younghwan Lee Dong hyun Lee Geun Hyeong Park hyun Woo Jeong Kun Yang Yong Hyeon Cho Young Yong Kim Min Hyuk Park Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science&TechnologyPohang 790784Republic of Korea

(Hf,Zr)O_(2)offers considerable potential for next-generation semiconductor devices owing to its nonvolatile spontaneous polarization at the ***,scaling this material to sub-5 nm thickness poses several challenges,including the formation of an interfacial layer and high trap *** particular,a low-k SiO_(2)interfacial layer is naturally formed when(Hf,Zr)O_(2)films are directly grown on a Si substrate,leading to high depolarization fields and rapid reduction of the remanent *** address these issues,we conducted a study to significantly improve ferroelectricity and switching endurance of(Hf,Zr)O_(2)films with sub-5 nm thicknesses by inserting a TiO_(2)interfacial *** deposition of a Ti film prior to Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film deposition resulted in a high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer and prevented the direct contact of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)with *** findings show that the high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer can reduce the SiO_(2)/Si interface trap density and the depolarization field,resulting in a switchable polarization of 60.2μC/cm^(2)for a 5 nm thick Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)***,we propose that inserting a high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer between the Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film and the Si substrate may offer a promising solution to enhancing the ferroelectricity and reliability of(Hf,Zr)O_(2)grown on the Si substrate and can pave the way for next-generation semiconductor devices with improved performance.

关键词： ferroelectric charge trapping hafnia depolarization

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Adverse effects of early-life stress:focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 336-341页

作者： Seung hyun Lee Eui-Man Jung Department of Molecular Biology College of Natural SciencesPusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea

Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety or depressive behavior,which constitute major public health *** the early stages of brain development after birth,events such as synaptogenesis,neuron maturation,and glial differentiation occur in a highly orchestrated manner,and external stress can cause adverse long-term effects throughout *** body utilizes multifaceted mechanisms,including neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter signaling pathways,to appropriately process external *** individuals first exposed to early-life stress deploy neurogenesis as a stress-defense mechanism;however,in adulthood,early-life stress induces apoptosis of mature neurons,activation of immune responses,and reduction of neurotrophic factors,leading to anxiety,depression,and cognitive and memory *** process involves the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotransmitters secreted by the central nervous system,including norepinephrine,dopamine,and *** rodent early-life stress model is generally used to experimentally assess the effects of stress during *** paper reviews the use of the early-life stress model and stress response mechanisms of the body and discusses the experimental results regarding how early-life stress mediates stress-related pathways at a high vulnerability of psychiatric disorder in adulthood.

关键词： early-life stress hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenergic axis maternal separation mental illness neurodevelopmental disorder neuroendocrine system neurotransmitter

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Integration of earth-abundant cocatalysts for high-performance photoelectrochemical energy conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 336-355,I0008页

作者： Joonhee Ma Sang hyun Ahn Soo Young Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Chung-Ang University84 Heukseok-roDongjak-guSeoul 06974Republic of Korea

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)energy conversion has emerged as a promising and efficient approach to sustainable energy harvesting and *** utilizing semiconductor photoelectrodes,PEC devices can harness solar energy and drive electrochemical reactions such as water splitting or carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction to generate clean fuels and value-added ***,PEC energy conversion faces several challenges such as high overpotential,sluggish reaction kinetics,charge carrier recombination,and stability issues,which limit its practical ***,significant research has been conducted to improve the overall conversion efficiency of PEC *** particularly promising approach is the use of cocatalysts,which involves introducing specific cocatalysts onto the photoelectrode surface to promote charge separation,improve reaction kinetics,and reduce the overpotential,thereby enhancing the overall performance of PEC energy *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the earth-abundant cocatalysts for PEC water splitting and CO_(2) *** main earth-abundant catalysts for the PEC water splitting include transition-metal dichalcogenide(TMD)-based materials,metal phosphides/carbides,and metal oxides/***,PEC-CO_(2)RR was divided into C_(1) and C_(2+)based on the final product since various products could be produced,focusing on diverse earth-abundant materials-based *** addition,we provide and highlight key advancements achieved in the very recent reports on novel PEC system design engineering with ***,the current problems associated with PEC systems are discussed along with a suggested direction to overcome these obstacles.

关键词： Solar energy Photo-electrochemical Water splitting CO_(2)reduction Cocatalysts

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Local dose-dense chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer via minimally invasive implantation of 3D printed devices

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2024年第1期19卷 69-85页

作者： Noehyun Myung hyun-Wook Kang Department of Biomedical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulju-gun 44919South Korea

Dose-dense chemotherapy is the preferred first-line therapy for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),a highly aggressive disease with a poor *** treatment uses the same drug doses as conventional chemotherapy but with shorter dosing intervals,allowing for promising clinical outcomes with intensive ***,the frequent systemic administration used for this treatment results in systemic toxicity and low patient compliance,limiting therapeutic efficacy and clinical ***,we report local dose-dense chemotherapy to treat TNBC by implanting 3D printed devices with timeprogrammed pulsatile release *** implantable device can control the time between drug releases based on its internal microstructure design,which can be used to control dose *** device is made of biodegradable materials for clinical convenience and designed for minimally invasive implantation via a *** density variation of local chemotherapy using programmable release enhances anti-cancer effects in vitro and in *** the same dose density conditions,device-based chemotherapy shows a higher anticancer effect and less toxic response than intratumoral *** demonstrate local chemotherapy utilizing the implantable device that simulates the drug dose,number of releases,and treatment duration of the dose-dense AC(doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide)regimen preferred for TNBC *** density modulation inhibits tumor growth,metastasis,and the expression of drug resistance-related proteins,including p-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance *** the best of our knowledge,local dose-dense chemotherapy has not been reported,and our strategy can be expected to be utilized as a novel alternative to conventional therapies and improve anti-cancer efficiency.

关键词： Dose-dense chemotherapy Triple-negative breast cancer 3D printing Pulsatile release Local drug delivery systems

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Hyperreflective photonic crystals created by shearing colloidal dispersions at ultrahigh volume fraction

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 161-173页

作者： Minji Kim Jong Bin Kim Shin-hyun Kim Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

Colloidal crystallization serves as one of the most economic and scalable production methods for photonic ***,insufficient optical performance,nonuniformity and low reproducibility remain challenges for advanced high-value *** this study,we optimally formulate a photocurable dispersion of silica particles and apply shear flow to unify the orientation of the colloidal crystals,ensuring high optical performance and *** silica particles experience strong repulsion at ultrahigh volume fractions of 50%but demonstrate low mobility,leading to polycrystalline *** shear flow to the dispersions allows the silica particles to rearrange into larger crystalline domains with a unidirectional orientation along the *** shear-induced structural change produces absolute reflectivity at the stopband as high as 90%and a high transparency of 90%at off-resonant wavelengths with minimal diffusive ***,the strong interparticle repulsion ensures a uniform volume fraction of particles throughout the dispersion,reducing deviations in the optical *** intricately micropattern the photocurable dispersions using ***,the photonic films and patterns can be stacked to form multiple layers,displaying mixed structural colors and multiple reflectance peaks without sacrificing *** superior photonic materials hold promise for various optical applications,including optical components and anticounterfeiting patches.

关键词： properties. dispersion reflectivity

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Effect of hafnium and molybdenum addition on inclusion characteristics in Co-based dual-phase high-entropy alloys

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1639-1650页

作者： Yong Wang Wei Wang Joo hyun Park Wangzhong Mu Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education&Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044StockholmSweden Department of Chemical Engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132012China Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsan 15588Korea Engineering Materials Division of Materials ScienceDepartment of Engineering Science and MathematicsLuleå University of Technology97187 LuleåSweden

Specific grades of high-entropy alloys(HEAs)can provide opportunities for optimizing properties toward high-temperature *** this work,the Co-based HEA with a chemical composition of Co_(47.5)Cr_(30)Fe_(7.5)Mn_(7.5)Ni_(7.5)(at%)was *** refractory metallic elements hafnium(Hf)and molybdenum(Mo)were added in small amounts(1.5at%)because of their well-known positive effects on high-temperature *** characteristics were comprehensively explored by using a two-dimensional cross-sectional method and extracted by using a three-dimensional electrolytic extraction *** results revealed that the addition of Hf can reduce Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions and lead to the formation of more stable Hf-rich inclusions as the main *** addition cannot influence the inclusion type but could influence the inclusion characteristics by affecting the physical parameters of the HEA *** calculated coagulation coefficient and collision rate of Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions were higher than those of HfO_(2)inclusions,but the inclusion amount played a larger role in the agglomeration behavior of HfO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)*** impurity level and active elements in HEAs were the crucial factors affecting inclusion formation.

关键词： high-entropy alloy non-metallic inclusion agglomeration thermodynamics alloying

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