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Machine-learned wearable sensors for real-time hand-motion recognition: toward practical applications

National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 231-263页

作者： Kyung Rok Pyun Kangkyu Kwon Myung Jin Yoo Kyun Kyu Kim Dohyeon Gong woon-Hong Yeo seungyong Han seung Hwan Ko Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National University IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering Institute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Department of Mechanical Engineering Ajou University George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design(SNU-IAMD) Seoul National University

Soft electromechanical sensors have led to a new paradigm of electronic devices for novel motion-based wearable applications in our daily lives. However, the vast amount of random and unidentified signals generated by complex body motions has hindered the precise recognition and practical application of this technology. Recent advancements in artificial-intelligence technology have enabled significant strides in extracting features from massive and intricate data sets, thereby presenting a breakthrough in utilizing wearable sensors for practical applications. Beyond traditional machine-learning techniques for classifying simple gestures, advanced machine-learning algorithms have been developed to handle more complex and nuanced motion-based tasks with restricted training data sets. Machine-learning techniques have improved the ability to perceive, and thus machine-learned wearable soft sensors have enabled accurate and rapid human-gesture recognition, providing real-time feedback to users. This forms a crucial component of future wearable electronics, contributing to a robust human–machine interface. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary covering materials, structures and machine-learning algorithms for hand-gesture recognition and possible practical applications through machine-learned wearable electromechanical sensors.

关键词： wearable sensor soft electronics artificial intelligence machine learning human–machine interfaces gesture recognition

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Tenofovir rescue therapy for chronic hepatitis B patients after multiple treatment failures

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第47期18卷 6996-7002页

作者： Yu Jin Kim Dong Hyun Sinn Geum-Youn Gwak Moon Seok Choi Kwang Cheol Koh seung woon paik Byung Chul Yoo Joon Hyeok Lee Department of Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 135-710South Korea

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) for chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients after multiple failures.METHODS:A total of 29 CHB patients who had a suboptimal response or developed resistance to two or more previous nucleoside/nucleotide analogue(NA) treatments were included.Study subjects were treated with TDF alone(n = 13) or in combination with lamivudine(LAM,n = 12) or entecavir(ETV,n = 4) for ≥ 6 mo.Complete virologic response(CVR) was defined as an achievement of serum hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA level ≤ 60 IU/mL by real-time polymerase chain reaction method during treatment.Safety assessment was based on serum creatinine and phosphorus level.Eleven patients had histories of LAM and adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) treatment and 18 patients were exposed to LAM,ADV,and ETV.Twenty-seven patients(93.1%) were hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) positive and the mean value of the baseline serum HBV DNA level was 5.5 log IU/mL ± 1.7 log IU/mL.The median treatment duration was 16 mo(range 7 to 29 mo).RESULTS:All the patients had been treated with LAM and developed genotypic and phenotypic resistance to it.Resistance to ADV was present in 7 patients and 10 subjects had a resistance to ETV.One patient had a resistance to both ADV and ETV.The cumulative probabilities of CVR at 12 and 24 mo of TDF containing treatment regimen calculated by the Kaplan Meier method were 86.2% and 96.6%,respectively.Although one patient failed to achieve CVR,serum HBV DNA level decreased by 3.9 log IU/mL from the baseline and the last serum HBV DNA level during treatment was 85 IU/mL,achieving near CVR.No patients in this study showed viral breakthrough or primary non-response during the follow-up period.The cumulative probability of HBeAg clearance in the 27 HBeAg positive patients was 7.4%,12%,and 27% at 6,12,and 18 mo of treatment,respectively.Treatment efficacy of TDF containing regimen was not statistically different according to the presence of specific HBV mutations.History of prior exposure to specific antivir

关键词：慢性乙型肝炎抢救治疗患者 DNA水平核苷酸类似物乙型肝炎病毒聚合酶链反应 HBeAg

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Clinical course of sub-centimeter-sized nodules detected during surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第21期18卷 2654-2660页

作者： Yang Won Min Geum-Youn Gwak Min Woo Lee Moon Seok Choi Joon Hyoek Lee Kwang Cheol Koh seung woon paik Byung Chul Yoo Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 135-710 South Korea Department of Radiology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 135-710 South Korea

AIM: To evaluate the outcome of sub-centimeter-sized nodules (SCSNs) detected during surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients at risk. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 142 patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B or C without a prior history of HCC in whom a SCSN was detected during HCC surveillance. We calculated the rate of HCC development from SCSNs in the study population and analyzed the differences in the baseline clinical characteristics and imaging features between the patients with SCSNs that eventually developed into HCC and patients with SCSNs that did not develop into HCC.RESULTS: During 667 person-years of follow-up, HCC developed in 33 patients. The calculated HCC development rate was 4.9% per year. The cumulative one-, two-, three- and five-year HCC development rates were 5.6%, 10.6%, 14.1% and 20.4%, respectively. Upon baseline comparison, the HCC group was older (54.4 ± 8.3 years vs 48.9 ± 9.4 years; P = 0.003) and had lower albumin levels (3.56 ± 0.58 g/dL vs 3.84 ± 0.55 g/dL; P = 0.012) and higher baseline alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (8.5 ng/mL vs 5.4 ng/mL; P = 0.035) compared to the non-HCC group. Nodule pattern and initial radiologic diagnosis also differed between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that age [P = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) =1.075, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.016-1.137], sex (P = 0.009, OR = 3.969, 95% CI: 1.403-11.226), and baseline AFP level (P = 0.024, OR = 1.039, 95% CI: 1.005-1.073) were independent risk factors for developing HCC. CONCLUSION: The overall risk of HCC development in patients with SCSNs is similar to that in liver cirrhosis patients. Patients with these risk factors need to be closely monitored during follow-up.

关键词：检测监测肝细胞癌结节临床发展速度蛋白水平危险因素

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Virological response to adefovir monotherapy and the risk of adefovir resistance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第30期17卷 3526-3530页

作者： Dong Hyun Sinn Geum-Youn Gwak Moon Seok Choi Kwang Cheol Koh seung woon paik Byung Chul Yoo Joon Hyeok Lee Hyang Ie Lee Department of Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine135-710 SeoulSouth Korea Department of Internal Medicine Eulji University Hospital302-799 DaejeonSouth Korea

AIM:To evaluate virological response to adefovir(ADV) monotherapy and emergence of ADV-resistant mutations in lamivudine(LAM)-resistant chronic hepatitis B patients.METHODS:Seventy-seven patients with documented LAM resistance who were treated with 10 mg/d ADV for>96 wk were analyzed for ADV resistance.RESULTS:At week 48 and 96,eight(10%)and 14(18%)of 77 LAM-resistant patients developed the ADV-resistant strain(rtA181V/T and/or rtN236T mutations),respectively.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA levels during therapy were significantly higher in patients who developed ADV resistance than in those who did not.Incidence of ADV resistance at week 96 was 11%,8%and 6%among patients with complete virological response(HBV DNA level2000 IU/mL)at week 12,week 24 and week 48,respectively.HBV DNA levels >2000 IU/mL at week 24 showed best performance characteristics in predicting ADV resistance.CONCLUSION:Development of ADV resistance mutations was associated with HBV DNA levels,which could identify patients with LAM resistance who are likely to respond to ADV monotherapy.

关键词：病毒学耐药率应答治疗单药 DNA水平风险慢性乙型肝炎

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老年终末期肾病血液透析患者接受药物洗脱支架置入治疗的临床特点和预后分析

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中华老年心脑血管病杂志 2024年第5期26卷 485-489页

作者：冯园园刘行张雪刘彤 seung-woon Rha 陈康寅天津医科大学第二医院心脏内科 300211 韩国高丽大学附属九老医院心脏中心

目的评估终末期肾病(ESRD)血液透析对老年患者接受药物洗脱支架(DES)置入治疗预后的影响。方法回顾性连续选取2003年3月至2021年7月于韩国高丽大学附属九老医院行DES治疗的年龄>60岁的患者4219例,将估算肾小球滤过率≥15ml/(min·1.73m^... 详细信息

目的评估终末期肾病(ESRD)血液透析对老年患者接受药物洗脱支架(DES)置入治疗预后的影响。方法回顾性连续选取2003年3月至2021年7月于韩国高丽大学附属九老医院行DES治疗的年龄>60岁的患者4219例,将估算肾小球滤过率≥15ml/(min·1.73m^(2))且未接受透析治疗的4102例作为老年非ESRD组,接受透析治疗的117例作为老年ESRD组,依据2组患者基线资料建立倾向性评分匹配(PSM)模型,PSM后老年非ESRD组183例,老年ESRD组99例。随访1年、3年、5年,记录主要不良心血管事件(MACE)等临床终点事件,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,用PSM和多因素Cox回归验证临床终点事件。结果PSM前老年ESRD组合并高血压、糖尿病、外周血管疾病、其他诊断比例高于老年非ESRD组(P<0.01)。Cox单因素回归分析显示,老年ESRD是行DES置入患者术后1年、3年、5年发生全因死亡的危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01);老年ESRD是行DES置入患者术后3年、5年发生MACE的危险因素(HR=2.67,95%CI:1.73~4.10,P=0.000;HR=2.65,95%CI:1.79~3.90,P=0.000);老年ESRD是行DES置入患者术后5年发生TVR、TLR、NTVR和血运重建的危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,老年ESRD组无MACE生存率降低(80.0%vs 90.2%,Plog rank=0.006)。结论ESRD显著增加老年DES置入患者术后长期MACE的风险。

关键词：肾病连续性肾替代疗法药物洗脱支架预后预测主要不良心血管事件

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Disease progression in chronic hepatitis C patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第14期19卷 2256-2261页

作者： Dong Hyun Sinn Geum-Youn Gwak Jae-uk Shin Moon Seok Choi Joon Hyeok Lee Kwang Cheol Koh seung woon paik Byung Chul Yoo Department of Internal Medicine Sanggye Paik HospitalInje University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

AIM:To investigate whether the disease progression of chronic hepatitis C patients with normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels differs by ALT levels.METHODS:A total of 232 chronic hepatitis C patients with normal ALT( 26 IU/L(highnormal),respectively(P = 0.043),and it was 1.4% and 4.8% for female patients with baseline ALT levels ≤ 22 IU/L(low-normal) and > 23 IU/L(high-normal),respectively(P = 0.023).ALT levels fluctuated during the follow-up period.During the follow-up,more patients with "high-normal" ALT levels at baseline experienced ALT elevation(> 41 IU/L) than did patients with "lownormal" ALT levels at baseline(47.7% vs 27.9%,P = 0.002).The 5 year cumulative incidence of disease progression was significantly lower in patients with persistently "low-normal" ALT levels than "high-normal" ALT levels or those who exhibited an ALT elevation > 41 U/L during the follow-up period(0%,8.3% and 34.3%,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:A "high normal" ALT level in chronic hepatitis C patients was associated with disease progression,suggesting that the currently accepted normal threshold of serum ALT should be lowered.

关键词： Alanine aminotransferase Upper limits of normal Disease progression Hepatitis C virus Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Seroprevalence of anti-HAV among patients with chronic viral liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第2期17卷 236-241页

作者： Hyun Chin Cho seung woon paik Yu Jin Kim Moon Seok Choi Joon Hyeok Lee Kwang Cheol Koh Byung Chul Yoo Hee Jung Son Seon Woo Kim Division of Gastroenterology Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Center for Health PromotionSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Biostatics Team Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

AIM:To investigate the current seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus(HAV) antibodies in patients with chronic viral liver disease in Korea.We also tried to identify the factors affecting the prevalence of HAV antibodies. METHODS:We performed an analysis of the clinical records of 986 patients(mean age:49±9 years,714 males/272 females) with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) or hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection who had undergone HAV antibody testing between January 2008 and December 2009.RESULTS:The overall prevalence of IgG anti-HAV was 86.61%(854/986) in patients with chronic liver disease and was 88.13%(869/986) in age-and gendermatched patients from the Center for Health Promotion.The anti-HAV prevalence was 80.04%(405/506) in patients with chronic hepatitis B,86.96%(20/23) in patients with chronic hepatitis C,93.78%(422/450) in patients with HBV related liver cirrhosis,and 100%(7/7) in patients with HCV related liver cirrhosis.The anti-HAV prevalence according to the decade of age was as follows:20s(6.67%) ,30s(50.86%) ,40s(92.29%) ,50s(97.77%) ,and 60s(100%) .The antiHAV prevalence was significantly higher in patients older than 40 years compared with that in patients younger than 40 years of age.Multivariable analysis showed that age≥40 years,female gender and metropolitan cities as the place of residence were independent risk factors for IgG anti-HAV seropositivity. CONCLUSION:Most Korean patients with chronic liver disease and who are above 40 years of age have already been exposed to hepatitis A virus.

关键词：慢性乙型肝炎甲肝病毒感染率患者丙型肝炎病毒血清阳性率平均年龄病毒抗体

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Characteristics and outcomes of chronic liver disease patients with acute deteriorated liver function by severity of underlying liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第14期22卷 3785-3792页

作者： Yun Soo Hong Dong Hyun Sinn Geum-Youn Gwak Juhee Cho Danbee Kang Yong-Han paik Moon Seok Choi Joon Hyeok Lee Kwang Cheol Koh seung woon paik Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology SAIHST Sungkyunkwan University Deaprtment of Health Behavior and Society and Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

AIM: To analyze characteristics and outcome of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) according to the severity of underlying liver disease. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-seven adult patients with chronic liver disease and acute deteriorated liver function, defined by jaundice and coagulopathy, were analyzed. Predisposition, type of injury, response, organ failure, and survival were analyzed and compared between patients with non-cirrhosis(type A), cirrhosis(type B) and cirrhosis with previous decompensation(type C).RESULTS: The predisposition was mostly hepatitis B in type A, while it was alcoholic liver disease in typesB and C. Injury was mostly hepatic in type A, but was non-hepatic in type C. Liver failure, defined by CLIF-SOFA, was more frequent in types A and B, and circulatory failure was more frequent in type C. The 30-d overall survival rate(85.3%, 81.1% and 83.7% for types A, B and C, respectively, P = 0.31) and the 30-d transplant-free survival rate(55.9%, 65.5% and 62.5% for types A, B and C, respectively P = 0.33) were not different by ACLF subtype, but 1-year overall survival rate were different(85.3%, 71.7% and 58.7% for types A, B and C, respectively, P = 0.02).CONCLUSION: There were clear differences in predisposition, type of injury, accompanying organ failure and long-term mortality according to spectrum of chronic liver disease, implying classifying subtype according to the severity of underlying liver disease is useful for defining, clarifying and comparing ACLF.

关键词： Acute-on chronic liver failure Classification Injury Organ failure Survival

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Milan criteria are useful predictors for favorable outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing liver transplantation after transarterial chemoembolization

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第43期12卷 6992-6997页

作者： Do Young Kim Moon Seok Choi Joon Hyoek Lee Kwang Cheol Koh seung woon paik Byung Chul Yoo Sung Wook Shin Sung Wook Choo Young Soo Do Jong Chul Rhee Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul South Korea Depart- ment of Radiology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul South Korea

AIM: To evaluate whether the Milan criteria are useful in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) before liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: Thirty-six HCC patients who fulfilled the Milan criteria after having received TACE and subsequently underwent LT were included (TACE + LT group) in the study. As controls, 21 patients who also met the Milan criteria and underwent LT without prior treatment were selected (LT group). Post-LT clinical outcomes, such as HCC recurrence, survival rate, and histologic features of explanted livers, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were not different between the two groups. Pre-LT maximal tumor diameter in TACE + LT group was similar to that of LT group (2.0 ± 0.6 cm vs 2.3 ± 0.9 cm; P = 0.10). Post-LT histologic findings also revealed similar maximal tumor diameter in the two groups (2.4 ± 1.4 cm vs 2.3 ± 0.9 cm; P = 0.70). Explanted livers showed similar incidence of unfavorable pathologic features. The morality within 60 d after transplantation was not different between the two groups (8.3% vs 9.5%; P = 0.99). Post-LT 5-year survival rate (57% vs 74%; P = 0.70) and cumulative recurrence rate (8.3% vs 4.8%; P = 0.90) were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The Milan criteria are still a useful selec- tion criteria showing favorable outcomes in HCC patientsreceiving TACE before LT.

关键词：肝细胞癌肝移植治疗病理机制

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Single hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 3 cm in left lateral segment:Liver resection or radiofrequency ablation?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 4059-4065页

作者： Jong Man Kim Tae Wook Kang Choon Hyuck David Kwon Jae-Won Joh Justin Sangwook Ko Jae Berm Park Hyunchul Rhim Joon Hyeok Lee Sung Joo Kim seung woon paik Department of Surgery Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

AIM:To evaluate the long-term results of radiofrequency ablation(RFA)compared to left lateral sectionectomy(LLS)in patients with Child-Pugh class A disease for the treatment of single and small hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in the left lateral segments.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the data of133 patients with single HCC(≤3 cm)in their left lateral segments who underwent curative LLS(n=66)or RFA(n=67)between 2006 and 2010.RESULTS:The median follow-up period was 33.5mo in the LLS group and 29 mo in the RFA group(P=0.060).Most patients had hepatitis B virus-related HCC.The hospital stay was longer in the LLS group than in the RFA group(8 d vs 2 d,P<0.001).The 1-,2-,and 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 80.0%,68.2%,and 60.0%,and 95.4%,92.3%,and 92.3%,respectively,for the LLS group;and 80.8%,59.9%,and 39.6%,and 98.2%,92.0%,and 74.4%,respectively,for the RFA group.The disease-free survival curve and overall survival curve were higher in the LLS group than in the RFA group(P=0.012 and P=0.013,respectively).Increased PIVKA-Ⅱlevels and small tumor size were associated with HCC recurrence in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION:Liver resection is suitable for single HCC≤3 cm in the left lateral segments.

关键词： Small hepatocellular carcinoma Left lateral segmen

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