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Sex-dependent resilience to extreme drought events: implications for climate change adaptation of a South American endangered tree species

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 48-60页

作者： sergio Piraino Martín Ariel Hadad Yanina Antonia Ribas-Fernández Fidel Alejandro Roig Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental (IANIGLA CONICET ) Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Laboratorio de Dendrocronología de Zonas áridas (CIGEOBIO CONICET ) Gabinete de Geología Ambiental (INGEO UNSJ) Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Mayor

Background Recent changes in climatic trends are resulting in an increased frequency and intensity of extreme events, with unknown effect on ecosystem dynamics in the near future. Extreme drought episodes are recognized as disturbance factors capable of modifying forest dynamics and tree growth. Within this context, dioecious tree species may be impacted by climatic extremes, affecting male/female proportions and, consequently, reproductive processes and species persistence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for species-specific assessments of growth tolerance to extreme dry spells in dioecious tree species, to establish effective conservation strategies for these particular natural resources. Araucaria araucana(araucaria), an endangered dioecious Patagonian tree species, has recently undergone decay and mortality episodes in response to increasing dry climatic conditions. While sex-dependent tolerance to extreme drought episodes has been assessed in the species' humid distribution range, there is still a lack of information on the gender-based resilience of trees growing in the drier environments of the species' *** We reconstructed, through dendrochronological methods, the sex-dependent response of 105 araucaria individuals(55 female and 50 male trees) to five regional extreme dry spells employing a set of different indices. Resistance, recovery period, and average growth reduction of standardized tree-ring growth were examined, analysing the effect of biotic(sex, pre-drought stem tree growth) and abiotic(local climatic conditions before, during, and after extreme climatic episodes) factors on tree *** Sex influences only the species resistance to climatic disturbance, with male individuals showing lower tolerance to extreme drought events. Pre-drought radial growth rates and local meteorological conditions preceding, during, and following extreme dry spells strongly modulated araucaria radial growth resilience regardless of tree s

关键词： Araucaria Climate change Dendrochronology Extreme drought event Resilience

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Reproductive patterns in Araucaria araucana forests in the Andean range, Chile

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 252-261页

作者： sergio Donoso Karen Pe?a-Rojas Claudia Espinoza Carolain Badaracco Rómulo Santelices-Moya Antonio Cabrera-Ariza Mediterranean Forests Laboratory Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation Centro Secano Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Universidad Católica del Maule Maule Advanced Studies Research Center Vice-Rector's Office for Research and Postgraduate Studies Catholic University of Maule

Background Araucaria araucana is a mast species that presents a high variability in annual cone production. Researchers have recorded synchronization events in cone production in different populations, which allows the seed production to be concentrated, reducing the percentage of seeds consumed by different animal *** We sampled three populations located in the Andes Mountains, Araucanía Region, Chile. In 2004 we began the collection of data on cone production, for which we installed permanent plots（1200 m2each） at each location. We identified and labeled each female tree in each plot to monitor its cone production. In 2012 we selected a total of 30 trees near the plots to evaluate the number of seeds per cone. In each February from 2012 to 2014 we selected two mature cones and covered them with a porous mesh for subsequent collection and storage in March. At the beginning of June, we counted and weighed the seeds, determining the average weight, the number of seeds per cone, the germination capacity（GC）, and the germination speed（GS）.Results Cone production was synchronous across the three locations. We observed significant differences among the locations and years evaluated. The cones had fewer seeds in 2013（high production） compared to those in 2012（low production）, but their weights were similar. In 2014 the cones produced smaller seeds in fewer quantities. The difference between the years 2013 and 2014 resulted from the high-energy expenditure in 2013. Regarding GC and GS, there were significant differences among the three locations（GC: F = 45.41, p < 0.01; GS: F = 96.08, p < 0.01）, where the highest values were observed in *** Both GC and GS are related to seed weight but not to the number of cones produced in a given year. These annual fluctuations in seed production are determining factors in the population dynamics of forest species. Our results allow a better understanding of the reproductive phenology of A. araucana and could hel

关键词： Seed weight Germination potential Masting species Sustainable use Dioecious species

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Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1299-1309页

作者： Lee Wei Wesley Wong Xihang Shi Aviv Karnieli Jeremy Lim Suraj Kumar sergio Carbajo Ido Kaminer Liang Jie Wong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel. School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA. Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UCLA420 WestwoodLos AngelesCA 90095USA. Physics and Astronomy Department UCLA475 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA

Bremsstrahlung—the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei—contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip ***,we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly—by more than three orders of magnitude—through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline ***,we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and ***,we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers,as predicted by the paraxial and nonrecoil theory for free electron light *** work highlights an unprecedented regime of free electron light emission where electron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like *** results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.

关键词： overlap attributed arbitrary

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A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica:reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi(Ankylosauria:Parankylosauria)

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 78-107页

作者： sergio SOTO ACUÑA Alexander OVARGAS Jonatan KALUZA Red Paleontológica U-Chile Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileÑuñoa 7800003Chile Escuela de Geología Facultad de CienciasIngeniería y TecnologíaUniversidad MayorProvidenciaSantiago 7500994Chile Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara Universidad MaimónidesBuenos Aires C1405Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina

The first dinosaur discovered in the Antarctic continent was the ankylosaur Antarctopelta oliveroi in the ***,since then several hypotheses of phylogenetical relationships have been proposed because these have been depended on how the skeletal remains have been *** main obstacle for clarifying its phylogenetic position is that many portions of the skeleton remain unknown,in addition to the presence of unknown characters in typical *** an ankylosaurid,nodosaurid,or even a chimaera,a recent proposal based on mostly complete material of a new ankylosaur from Chilean Patagonia provided support for a novel phylogenetic hypothesis:Antarctopelta and other southern ankylosaurs are an early branching clade,the Parankylosauria,whose origin probably dates to the Late *** the light of this new view,a redescription of the available skeletal remains is provided together with a new reconstruction of the first Antarctic dinosaur known to the science community.

关键词： Antarctic Peninsula Biogeographic Weddellian Province Parankylosauria Antarctopelta

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Multigrid Solution of a Lavrentiev-Regularized State-Constrained Parabolic Control Problem

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2012年第1期5卷 1-18页

作者： Alfio Borzì sergio gonzález Andrade Institut für Mathematik Universität WürzburgCampus Hubland NordEmil-Fischer-Str.3097074 WürzburgGermany Research Group on Optimization Departamento de MatemáticaEscuela Politécnica NacionalLadrón de Guevara E11-253QuitoEcuador

A mesh-independent,robust,and accurate multigrid scheme to solve a linear state-constrained parabolic optimal control problem is *** first consider a Lavrentiev regularization of the state-constrained optimization ***,a multigrid scheme is designed for the numerical solution of the regularized optimality *** to this scheme is the construction of an iterative pointwise smoother which can be formulated as a local semismooth Newton *** of numerical experiments and theoretical twogrid local Fourier analysis estimates demonstrate that the proposed scheme is able to solve parabolic state-constrained optimality systems with textbook multigrid efficiency.

关键词： Multigrid methods Lavrentiev regularization semismooth Newton methods parabolic partial differential equations optimal control theory

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Stress tensors and quantification of fracture patterns to analyze connectivity and potential fluid flow in a mesa landform of the Northern Andes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 271-291页

作者： GARCÍA-ARIAS sergio VELANDIA Francisco ALVAREZ Angélica SANABRIA-GÓMEZ JoséD TARAZONA Yessenia VARGAS María Camila Escuela de Geología Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia Escuela de Física Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia

This work applies stress tensors inversions and quantification of fracture patterns along the Mesa de Los Santos, in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, to better understand the potential fluid flow. It thus contributes to the conceptual hydrogeological model. The area was subdivided into three blocks, separated by the NW Potreros and the Los Santos faults, having minor inner faults of different orientations. This separation facilitates the analysis of the fractures measured in the field, which in general show high dip angles and a conjugate geometry in the northern block, tension fractures(Mode I) in the central block, and a random distribution in the southwestern block. WinTensor treatment of slickensides yielded a maximum horizontal stress(SHmax) of 111o, which coincides with the WNW-ESE tensor observed from the conjugate and tension joints. We then used Frac Pa Q to generate interpolation maps of fracture intensity and density. The maps show the highest values in the central block and the lowest in the northern block,where the precipitation is higher, causing intensive rock weathering and homogenization of the fracture planes. Although the highest values of connectivity by line are found to the south of the mesa, we suggest the possibility of greater flow from the recharge zone(NE) along bedding planes and open NW-SE fractures.

关键词： Mesa de Los Santos Colombia Win-Tensor FracPaQ Strike-slip faults Fractured aquifers

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Greening the Belt and Road Initiative: Evidence from emergy evaluation of China’s provincial trade with ASEAN countries

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 379-393页

作者： Xu Tian Joseph Sarkis Wei Chen Yong Geng Haozhi Pan Zuoxi Liu sergio Ulgiati SJTU-UNIDO Joint Institute of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development School of International and Public AffairsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609-2280USA School of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China School of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning School of Energy and EnvironmentShenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China Department of Science and Technology Parthenope University of NapoliNaples 80143Italy School of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is a central policy within China’s regional development and foreign trade *** trade has typically depended on economic valuation of resources,while the embedded environmental value is rarely *** situation exists in most BRI trade *** address BRI environmental sustainability issues,we consider the role of pivotal Chinese provinces and their key trade partners(ASEAN countries)as an illustration for the environmental value of resource *** accounting is used as the valuation tool for a sample period of seventeen *** results include:(1)Emergy valuations show sustainability of sample provinces decreased over time;(2)ASEAN countries such as Indonesia,Malaysia,Singapore,Thailand,and Vietnam play significant resource roles for provincial economic systems;(3)Diverse trends in trade between pivotal provinces and ASEAN countries resulted in an unbalanced trade structure from *** implications are proposed to promote a more globally sustainable and fair trade using BRI as an established trade policy.

关键词： International trade Emergy Belt and road initiative Environmental sustainability Province

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A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica: reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi(Ankylosauria: Parankylosauria)

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年

作者： sergio SOTO ACU?A Alexander O.VARGAS Jonatan KALUZA Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Red Paleontológica U-Chile，Departamento de Biología， Facultad de Ciencias， Universidad de Chile Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara， Universidad Maimónides Escuela de Geología，Facultad de Ciencias， Ingeniería y Tecnología， Universidad Mayor， Providencia

The first dinosaur discovered in the Antarctic continent was the ankylosaur Antarctopelta oliveroi in the 1980s. Nevertheless， since then several hypotheses of phylogenetical relationships have been proposed because these have been depended on how the skeletal remains have been interpreted. The main obstacle for clarifying its phylogenetic position is that many portions of the skeleton remain unknown， in addition to the presence of unknown characters in typical ankylosaurs. Considered an ankylosaurid， nodosaurid， or even a chimaera， a recent proposal based on mostly complete material of a new ankylosaur from Chilean Patagonia provided support for a novel phylogenetic hypothesis: Antarctopelta and other southern ankylosaurs are an early branching clade， the Parankylosauria， whose origin probably dates to the Late Jurassic. In the light of this new view， a redescription of the available skeletal remains is provided together with a new reconstruction of the first Antarctic dinosaur known to the science community.

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Proliferative vitreoretinopathy and its relationship with inflammatory serum biomarkers

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第9期17卷 1659-1664页

作者： Victor Alejandro Martinez Pacheco sergio Rojas Juarez Braulio Hernan Velasco Sepulveda Abel Ramirez Estudillo Hospital de Nuestra Señora de la Luz Retina and Vitreous DepartmentMexico City 06030Mexico Instituto de Oftlamología FAP Conde de Valenciana Mexico City 06080Mexico

AIM:To analyze if a relationship between levels ofinflammatory serum biomarkers and severity of primaryproliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)***:A retrospective case-control *** adult patients with rhegmatogenous retinaldetachment and primary PVR were included in the *** the control group,healthy adults who underwentcataract surgery were *** grade of PVR wasclassified according to the Retinal Society *** samples were obtained before surgery,and processed in MYTHIC *** of interest wereneutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyteratio(PLR),and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR),thetime between the decrease in visual acuity and surgery,PVRgrade,type of surgery,final best corrected visual acuity,andrate of ***:Totally 240 patients were included,120 ineach group,79(65.8%)and 56(46.7%)were male in thePVR and control group,*** A had greaterlevels of monocytes(0.28±0.18 vs 0.12±0.32,P=0.002),neutrophils(4.59±1.51 vs 3.92±1.27,P=0.006),and LMR(9.32±4.42 vs 7.43±3.90,P=0.01).PVR B had a greatermonocyte count(0.30±0.13 vs 0.12±0.32,P=0.001),andPVR C demonstrated higher levels in monocytes(0.27±0.12vs 0.12±0.32,P=0.004),neutrophils(4.39±1.13 vs3.92±1.27,P=0.004),and LMR(9.63±3.24 vs 7.43±3.90,P=0.002)compared to control,*** LMR cut-offvalue of 9.38 predicted PVR with a sensibility of 54.2%andspecificity of 77.5%and NLR cut-off of 1.70 predicted PVRwith a sensibility of 62%and specificity of 54.2%.CONCLUSION:Patients with primary PVR demonstrategreater neutrophil,monocyte,and LMR levels than thecontrol ***-off values obtained from ratios could beuseful in a clinical setting when no posterior view of thefundus is possible due to media opacity.

关键词： biomarkers proliferative vitreoretinopathy retinal detachment inflammation serum

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Histological Assessment of Bone Regeneration in the Maxilla with Homologous Bone Graft:A Feasible Option for Maxillary Bone Reconstruction

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第1期12卷 131-148页

作者： sergio Henrique Gonçalves Motta Ana Paula Ramos Soares Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes Graduate Center of Faculdade Redentor CLIVORio de JaneiroBrazil Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMI48109USA Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health(CIIS) Universidade Católica PortuguesaViseu3504-505Portugal

Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ***,the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB(lyophilized)graft and verify its *** individuals were included from 2014 to *** first surgery was performed to install homologous bone blocks in the *** period of the second intervention varied between 5 months and 15 days to 11 months(≈7.93 months).The biopsies were taken from the central region of the matured graft during the surgery for implant *** patients presented clinical and radiographic conditions for the installation of dental *** was a 100%of survival *** histological assessment showed that the homologous block bone graft was an osteoconductive biomaterial,with connective tissue present,and newly formed bone juxtaposed on its *** were bone trabeculae with osteocytes and active osteoblasts with connective tissue in the mineralization process;the remodeling process can be found through the reverse lines.A limited focus of necrosis with fibrosis was detected,with small resorption and areas of inflammatory infiltrate,but without clinical *** homologous block bone graft can be considered a feasible option to substitute the autogenous bone graft(gold standard),with predictable clinical and favorable histological *** patients had a shorter surgical period,low morbidity,and an unlimited amount of biomaterial available at an accessible cost.

关键词： Regeneration bone graft histology homologous allogenous autogenous

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