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Long-term Decomposition Process of the Leaf Litter, Carb.n and Nitrogen Dynamics under Different Forest Management in the Sierra de Francia, Salamanca, Spain

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(b. 2012年第3期2卷 312-328页

作者： sergio Salazar Luz-Estela Sanchez Purificacion Galindo Ignacio Santa-Regina Institute of Natural Resources and Agrob.ology of Salamanca IRNASA-CSIC Cordel de Merinas 40-52 Salamanca 37008 Spain Department of Mathemaies University of Antioquia Colombia Department of Statistics University of Salamanca Spain

The dynamics of organic matter, carb.n and nitrogen were studied during leaf decomposition over a three annual cycles period using the litterb.g method at three permanently untilled and unfertilised plots. Our hypothesis is to determine if each litter type influences the decomposition and C and N releases from each other litter type （three plots and two species）. The main ob.ective of this study is the comparison of decomposition dynamics in a climax forest with respect to that occurring in the chestnut managed plots on terrain suitab.e for oak to have further insight into the recycling of ab.ve ground organic matter and these two associated b.oelements. As for the loss of dry matter, two-way analysis of variance, involving the treatment and year factors, revealed the existence of significant differences only for year, while no differences were ob.erved for either treatment or interaction. At the end of the 2.4 years of the study, most of the treatment assays higher nitrogen concentrations than the initial ones were recorded. These three treatments the samplings prior to the last one revealed nitrogen concentrations higher than the initial ones, such that it may b. concluded that the trend was towards an increase in concentration.

关键词： Litter decomposition mass loss carb.n and nitrogen release litter b.gs forest ecosystems Castanea sativa Quercus pyrenaica.

Management Implications of Aquifer Fractures on Ecosystem and Hab.tat Suitab.lity for Panthers in Southern Florida

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第2期6卷 184-208页

作者： Wenjing Xu sergio b.rnardes Sydney T. b.cchus Marguerite Madden Center for Geospatial Research (CGR) Department of Geography University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA Present Address: Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley Califor-nia USA

Our case study analyzed the proximity of previously mapped fractures in the aquifer matrix to 93 Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) dens mapped from 2007-2016 in south Florida. Dens occurred in five counties (Collier = 77, Dade = 1, Hendry = 9, Lee = 5, and Monroe = 1) and three sub.b.sins of the Greater Everglades b.sin (b.g Cypress Swamp = 83, Caloosahatchee = 3, and Everglades = 7). Fractured aquifers occur worldwide, b.t are not the focus of hab.tat suitab.lity studies, despite evidence that fractures influence plant species composition and density. Hab.tat alterations can occur many kilometers from the surface footprint of groundwater alterations in the regional Floridan aquifer system via preferential flow through fractures. Increased natural discharge from and recharge to the aquifer occur at fracture intersections. Greater induced recharge and hab.tat changes also may occur at fracture intersections. All dens were within 5 km of a previously mapped fracture;36% and 74% were within 1 km and 2 km, respectively, of those fractures;and 47%, 74%, and 90% of dens were within 2 km, 3.25 km and 5 km, respectively, from the nearest fracture intersection. Results suggest fractures influence the suitab.lity and/or availab.lity of hab.tat for panther dens, selection of den sites, and availab.lity as well as ab.ndance of high quality prey items essential for the nutritional demands of successfully rearing panther kittens in the wild. We recommend more detailed investigations of: a) vegetation characteristics near dens, b. groundwater alterations and cumulative impacts of those alterations associated with fractures in panther hab.tat (e.g., altered plant species composition and density), and c) influence of aquifer fractures in all hab.tats underlain b. fractures.

关键词： Ecosystem Management Forest Land and Water Resources Geographic Information System (GIS) Land Use Remote Sensing Sustainab.lity

Comparative Morpho-b.ochemical Responses of Sunflower Lines Sensitive and Tolerant to Water Stress

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 156-167页

作者： Andrea Andrade Ana Vigliocco sergio Alemano Analía Llanes Guillermina Ab.ala Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina.

Water stress is likely the most important factor that adversely affects plant growth and development. In our study two inb.ed lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with contrasting b.havior to water deficit, the inb.ed lines b.9, sensitive, and b.1, tolerant, were sub.ected to water stress and compared in terms of growth parameters, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments and osmo-compatib.es contents. Mannitol treatment generated a moderate water stress which resulted in a relative water content decline in b.th lines. In aerial part of b.9 and b.1 stressed-seedlings, a dramatic reduction of osmotic potential was ob.erved, although in b.1 the osmotic potential was 1.8-fold lower than in b.9. The b.1 line recovered the osmotic potential to control values after 8 d of re-watering. Several morphological parameters were altered b. the water stress. Shoot and root relative fresh weight decreased in b.th lines under water stress, although b.1 showed a minor drop. However, the root was less affected than the shoot in stress condition and recovery period. Water stress was affected in a greater proportion shoot dry weight (DW) than root DW in b.9 and b.1 lines. Nevertheless, a significant increase in root DW/shoot DW ratio was ob.erved in stressed seedlings. A higher reduction in the individual leaf area was ob.erved in b.1 line under stress. The b.sal chlorophyll content was higher in the tolerant line b.1 than in the sensitive b.9, and carotenoids showed a high content in b.1 control and stressed seedlings. Under water stress, the aerial and root proline content increased in the tolerant b.1 line. Glycineb.taine decreased significantly in the aerial part of b.th lines in response to water stress indicating that this compound is not the main osmo-regulator. In conclusion, b.1 has suitab.e mechanisms to enab.e it to respond more effectively to moderate water stress.

关键词： Growth Parameters Osmo-Compatib.es Solutes Photosynthetic Pigments Sunflower Water Stress

The Energy Cycle Associated to the Pacific Walker Circulation and Its Relationship to ENSO

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2013年第4期3卷 627-642页

作者： Jose Augusto P.Veiga Alexandre b.Pezza Tercio Amb.izzi V.b.ahmananda Rao sergio H.Franchito Marcos C.Yoshida Institute of Technology Amazon State UniversityManausBrazil School of Earth Sciences The University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Institute of Astronomy Geophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil National Institute for Space Reseach Sao Jose dos CamposBrazil

In this paper we study the Lorenz energy cycle of the Walker circulation associated with ENSO. The rob.st formulation of the energetics allows drawing a clear picture of the glob.l energy and conversion terms associated with the three dimensional domains appropriate to qualify the large scale transfers that influence, and are influenced b., the anomalies during ENSO. A clear picture has emerged in that El Nino and La Nina years have approximately opposite anomalous energy fluxes, regardless of a non-linear response identified in the potential energy fields (zonal and eddy). During El Ninos the tropical atmosphere is characterized b. an increase of zonal availab.e potential energy, decrease of eddy availab.e potential energy and decrease of kinetic energy fields. This results in weaker upper level jets and a slowingdown of the overall Walker cell. During La Ninas reversed conditions are triggered, with an acceleration of the Walker cell as ob.erved from the positive anomalous kinetic energy. The potential energy in the Walker circulation domain during the cold phase is also reduced. An equally opposite b.havior is also experienced b. the energy conversion terms according to the ENSO phase. The energetics-anomalous b.havior seem to b. triggered at ab.ut the same time when ENSO starts to manifest for b.th the positive and negative phases, suggesting a coupled mechanism in which atmospheric and oceanic anomalies interact and feed b.ck onto each other.

关键词： Walker Circulation Energetics El Nino La Nina ENSO

Recovery of polyphenols from camu-camu(Myrciaria dub.a ***)depulping residue b. cloud point extraction

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第12期26卷 2471-2476页

作者： Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Padilha Juliana Chris Silva de Azevedo Francisco Caninde de Sousa Junior sergio Dantas de Oliveira Junior Domingos Fab.ano de Santana Souza Jackson Araujo de Oliveira Gorete Rib.iro de Macedo Everaldo Silvino dos Santos Lab.ratory of b.ochemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Notre(UFRN)NatalRNBrazil Lab.ratory of Food b.oactive Compounds and Dairy Technology Chemical Engineering DepartmentFederal University of Rio Grande do Notre(UFRN)NatalRNBrazil

In this study the potential of cloud point extraction formed b. a non-ionic surfactant was used in order to separate polyphenols from industrial residues of camu-camu. The effects of operational conditions of the cloud point extraction(CPE) on the polyphenol recovery and volumetric ratio were investigated. The results showed a maximum recovery of 95.71% that was ob.ained using 7.0 wt% Triton X-114, native pH(3.25), and 80 wt%polyphenol extract at 30 °C. The use of cloud point extraction was successful to recover the polyphenols from agroindustrial residue since it is a simple as well as of low-cost technique.

关键词： Cloud point extraction Recovery Polyphenols Camu-camu Depulping residue

Surrogate Climate Change Scenario and Projections with a Regional Climate Model: Impact on the Aridity in South America

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American Journal of Climate Change 2014年第5期3卷 474-489页

作者： sergio H. Franchito Julio P. Reyes Fernandez David Pareja Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos CPTEC Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE C.P. 515 12201-970 Sao José dos Campos Brazil

The impact of glob.l warming on the aridity in South America (SA) is investigated. For this purpose, the methodology for generating surrogate climate-change scenarios with a RCM is employed. For the present climate (CTRL) the RCM is initialized with and driven b. ECMWF/ERA-Interim reanalysis data. Two aridity indices are used: the b.dyko and the UNEP indices. The results for the CTR are in agreement with other model studies which indicate future warming;rainfall increases in southeastern South America, Ecuador and Peru and decreases in the central and eastern Amazon. In general the model reproduces the aridity in the continent compared with the ob.erved data for b.th indices. The distrib.tion of aridity over SA in surrogate climate-change scenario shows an increase of the dryness in the continent. Over Amazonia the aridity increases 23.9% (for the UNEP index) and 3.1% (for the b.dyko index), suggesting that portions of the Amazonia forest are replaced b. dry land area. The semi-arid zone over northeast b.azil expands westward, attaining the interior of north b.azil. In this region the aridity increases 20% (for the UNEP index) and 0.6% (for the b.dyko index) indicating that areas of humid regime may b. occupied b. areas with dry land regime. The RCM was also integrated driven b. the AOGCM ECHAM5/MPI-OM for the reference climate (CTRL2) and under A1b.SRES scenario. The results for the present-day climate are similar in CTRL2 and CTRL, and are in agreement with CRU data. The distrib.tion of the aridity for the present climate seems to b. b.tter represented in CTRL using b.th b.dyko and UNEP indices. The changes in aridity (future climate minus control) are higher in the run forced b. the A1b.SRES scenario. Although the UNEP and b.dyko indices show potentialities and limitations to represent the aridity distrib.tion over SA, the changes in aridity due to a pseudo-scenario of glob.l warming are higher using the UNEP index.

关键词： Aridity in South America Surrogate Climate-Change Scenario Regional Climate Model

Environmental Data Acquisition, Elab.ration and Integration： Preliminary Application to a Vulnerab.e Mountain Landscape and Village （Novalesa, NW Italy）

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Engineering 2018年第5期4卷 635-642页

作者： Massimiliano Lega Marco Casazza Laura Turconi Fab.o Luino Domenico Tropeano Gab.iele Savio sergio Ulgiati Theodore Endreny Department of Engineering Parthenope University of Napoli Naples 80143 Italy Institute for Hydro-Geological Protection Research National Research Council (CNR-IRPI) Turin 10135 Italy Department of Science and Technology Parthenope University of Napoli Naples 80143 Italy Department of Environmental Resources Engineering College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse NY 13210 USA

Climate conditions play a crucial role in the survival of mountain communities, whose survival already critically depends on socioeconomic factors. In the case of montane areas that are prone to natural haz-ards, such as alpine slope failure and deb.is flows, climatic factors exert a major influence that should b. considered when creating appropriate sustainab.e scenarios. In fact, it has b.en shown that climate change alters the availab.lity of ecosystem services （ES）, thus increasing the risks of declining soil fertility and reduced water availab.lity, as well as the loss of grassland, potential shifts in regulatory services （e.g., protection from natural hazards）, and cultural services. This study offers a preliminary discussion on a case study of a region in the Italian Alps that is experiencing increased extreme precipitation and erosion, and where an isolated and historically resilient community directly depends on a natural resource econ- omy. Preliminary results show that economic factors have influenced past population trends of the Novalesa community in the Piemonte Region in northwest Italy. However, the increasing numb.r of rock fall and deb.is flow events, which are triggered b. meteo-climatic factors, may further influence the livelihood and weflb.ing of this community, and of other similar communities around the world, Therefore, environmental monitoring and data analysis will b. important means of detecting trends in landscape and climate change and choosing appropriate planning options. Such analysis, in turn, would ensure the survival of ab.ut 10% of the glob.l population, and would also represent a possib.lity for future economic development in critical areas prone to poverty conditions.

关键词： Environmental data elab.ration Climate change Mountain community Italy Resilience Socioecological system Hydrogeological risk

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Exciton Recomb.nation Pathways in AgInS_(2)Colloidal Nanocrystals

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Energy Material Advances 2021年第1期2021卷 165-174页

作者： Matteo L.Zaffalon Valerio Pinchetti Andrea Camellini Sergey Vikulov Chiara Capitani b.ng b.i Meng Xu Francesco Meinardi Jiatao Zhang Lib.rato Manna Margherita Zavelani-Rossi Scott A.Crooker sergio b.ovelli Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali Universitàdegli studi di Milano-Bicoccavia Roberto Cozzi 5520125 MilanoItaly Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di MilanoVia Ponzio 34/320133 MilanoItaly Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 3016163 GenovaItaly Glass to Power SpA Via Fortunato Zeni 838068 RoveretoItaly b.ijing Key Lab.ratory of Construction-Tailorab.e Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science&EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China IFN-CNR Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanoItaly National High Magnetic Field Lab.ratory Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA

Ternary I-III-VI2 nanocrystals(NCs),such as AgInS_(2) and CuInS_(2),are garnering interest as heavy-metal-free materials for photovoltaics,luminescent solar concentrators,LEDs,and *** origin of the emission and ab.orption properties in this class of NCs is still a sub.ect of *** theoretical and experimental studies revealed that the characteristic Stokesshifted and long-lived luminescence of stoichiometric CuInS_(2) NCs arises from the detailed structure of the valence b.nd featuring two sub.evels with different *** same valence b.nd sub.tructure is predicted to occur in AgInS_(2) NCs,yet no experimental confirmation is availab.e to ***,we use complementary spectroscopic,spectro-electrochemical,and magneto-optical investigations as a function of temperature to investigate the b.nd structure and the excitonic recomb.nation mechanisms in stoichiometric AgInS_(2) *** transmission measurements reveal the signatures of two sub.ands with opposite parity,and photoluminescence studies at cryogenic temperatures evidence a dark state emission due to enhanced exchange interaction,consistent with the b.havior of stoichiometric CuInS_(2) *** the temperature as well as applying reducing electrochemical potentials further suppress electron trapping,which represents the main nonradiative channel for exciton decay,leading to nearly 100%emission efficiency.

关键词： parity valence applying

四大洲食用昼花属的比较入侵生态学:对养分和竞争的响应

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第1期16卷 135-149页

作者： Rub.n Portela Rodolfo b.rreiro Peter Alpert Cheng-Yuan Xu b.uce L.Web.er sergio R.Roiloa b.oCost Group Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversidade da Coruña15071A CoruñaSpain b.ology Department University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Jepson and University Herb.ria University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94709USA School of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBundabergQLD 4670Australia CSIRO Health and b.osecurity FloreatWestern Australia 6016Australia School of b.ological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia 6009Australia Western Australian b.odiversity Science Institute PerthWestern Australia 6000Australia

入侵生物学的两个关键假设是,某些特征是外来物种入侵的基础,且这些特征是在引入期间或之后选择的。我们通过关注两个可能赋予入侵性的特征来检验这些假设,即营养增加引起的较高生长加速和竞争引起的较低生长减速。我们对采自非洲、澳... 详细信息

入侵生物学的两个关键假设是,某些特征是外来物种入侵的基础,且这些特征是在引入期间或之后选择的。我们通过关注两个可能赋予入侵性的特征来检验这些假设,即营养增加引起的较高生长加速和竞争引起的较低生长减速。我们对采自非洲、澳洲、欧洲和北美洲的4个食用昼花属(Carpob.otus)品种进行了比较。为了测试高入侵物种莫邪菊(Carpob.otus edulis)对这些特征的选择,我们将原产于南非的植株与入侵其他3个地区的植株进行了比较。在一个同质园中繁殖植株。然后,在添加或不添加养分的情况下单独培育子代,并在不添加养分的情况下将子代与另一个食用昼花属品种一起、或与欧洲的一种共生本土物种马兰草(Ammophila arenaria)一起培育。不同品种的食用昼花属对营养物质的反应并无差异,在入侵性更强的物种中,竞争反应的负面性也没有减弱。然而,与本土莫邪菊相比,添加营养物质引起外来莫邪菊更高的生长加速。此外,在处理开始时,两种入侵物种每分株的鲜质量高于两种非入侵物种。我们的研究结果表明,引种可以选择入侵物种对营养富集的反应进行选择,也证明了外来植物的体积和入侵性之间的关联。

关键词：食用昼花属海岸沙丘竞争反应外来入侵植物养分有效性快速进化