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Central Asia revealed as a key area in evolution of Eremurus (Asphodelaceae)

Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 333-343页

作者： Dilmurod Makhmudjanov sergei volis Ziyoviddin Yusupov Inom Juramurodov Komiljon Tojibaev Tao Deng Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity of Central Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of Botany Academy Sciences of UzbekistanTashkent 100125Uzbekistan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100864China

Eremurus was described at the beginning of the 19th century.However,due to limited sampling and the small number of gene markers to date,its phylogeny and evolution are largely unknown.In this study,we analyzed plastomes from 27 species belonging to 2 subgenera and 3 sections of Eremurus,which are found in Central Asia(its center of diversity)and China.We also analyzed nuclear DNA ITS of 33 species,encompassing all subgenera and sections of the genus in Central Asia,southwest Asia and China.Our findings revealed that the genus was monophyletic,although both subgenera Eremurus and Henningia were found to be paraphyletic.Both plastome and nrDNA-based phylogenetic trees had three clades that did not reflect the current taxonomy of the genus.Our biogeographical and time-calibrated trees suggest that Eremurus originated in the ancient Tethyan area in the second half of the Eocene.Diversification of Eremurus occurred from the early Oligocene to the late Miocene.Paratethys Sea retreat and several orogenetic events,such as the progressive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding mountain belts(Altai,Pamir,Tian Shan),caused serious topographic and climate(aridification)changes in Central Asia that may have triggered a split of clades and speciation.In this transformed Central Asia,speciation proceeded rapidly driven mainly by vicariance caused by numerous mountain chains and specialization to a variety of climatic,topographic and soil conditions that exist in this region.

关键词： Asphodelaceae Asphodeloideae Plastome Central Asia Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Conservation utility of botanic garden living collections:Setting a strategy and appropriate methodology

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 365-372页

作者： sergei volis Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

In the realities of the modern world, when the natural habitat is rapidly disappearing and the number of imperiled plants is constantly growing, ex situ conservation is gaining importance. To meet this challenge, botanic gardens need to revise both their strategic goals and their methodologies to achieve the new goals. This paper proposes a strategy for the management of threatened plants in living collections,which includes setting regional conservation priorities for the species, creation of genetically representative collections for the high priority species, and usage of these collections in in situ actions. In this strategy, the value of existing and future species living collections for conservation is determined by the species' conservation status and how well the accessions represent their natural genetic variation.

关键词： Biodiversity Threatened plants Ex situ Living collections Conservation strategy Integrated conservation management

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Complementarities of two existing intermediate conservation approaches

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 379-382页

作者： sergei volis Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

The need for integration of ex situ and in situ approaches in conservation of plants has long been recognized. However, ex situ collections have numerous limitations that reduce their utility for conservation, necessitating the introduction of new, more appropriate, flexible and less costly approaches.Two new approaches that can be called "intermediate" between in situ and ex situ, and bridging them in some way have been proposed over the last two decades. In these approaches material collected in natural populations is planted and maintained outside the original location, but with a different purpose.While the purpose of the inter situs approach is reintroduction, the concern of the quasi in situ approach is long-term storage of species genetic diversity. I view these two approaches as complementary and necessary components of conservation-oriented restoration. In restoration of a degraded habitat using threatened species(i.e. inter situs), quasi in situ collections can serve an important role in providing longterm preservation of these species' genetic diversity and production of seeds needed for restoration.

关键词： Biodiversity Threatened plants In situ Ex situ Quasi in situ Conservation strategy Conservation guidelines

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Securing a future for China's plant biodiversity through an integrated conservation approach

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Plant Diversity 2018年第3期40卷 91-105页

作者： sergei volis Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

The severely threatened Chinese flora urgently needs a new, well adapted to China and properly formulated conservation strategy. The present review provides a detailed conservation methodology that complements previously described guidelines for preservation of plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP) in China. This review adds to the above concept in several aspects, making it relevant to all threatened Chinese plant species. The proposed integral conservation strategy has the following crucial components:-ecoregional basis for conservation planning and implementation;-a unified scoring system that is used in regional systematic planning for reserve design,monitoring and assessment of efficiency of a reserve network, and creation of seed banks and living collections;-a focus on population demography and the presence of naturally occurring regeneration as the key criteria for defining the conservation status of a species and the appropriate major focus of the species recovery plan;-creation of multi-species living collections that preserve species genetic variation and provide material for in situ actions;-experimental translocation of threatened species into multiple locations within and outside their known range.Adopting and implementing these strategies successfully and more fully in China requires that the country changes PA legislation and improves PA management, the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC) re-prioritizes the type of research that receives research funds, and local scientists improve their approach toward information sharing.

关键词： Biodiversity Threatened plants Conservation guidelines Chinese plant conservation Nature reserves Protected areas

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Conservation-oriented restoration—a two for one method to restore both threatened species and their habitats

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 50-58页

作者： sergei volis Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

There is an urgent need for a new conservation approach as mere designation of protected areas, the primary approach to conserving biodiversity, revealed its low conservation efficiency and inability to cope with numerous challenges faced by nature in the Anthropocene. The paper discusses the new concept, which proposes that ecological restoration becomes an integral part of conservation planning and implementation, and is done using threatened plant species that are introduced not only into locations where they currently grow or grew in the recent past, but also into suitable locations within their potential distribution range. This new concept is called conservation-oriented restoration to distinguish it from the traditional restoration. Although the number of restoration projects focusing on recreation of once existing natural habitats is instantly growing, the majority of ecological restoration projects, in contrast to conservation-oriented restoration, have predominantly utilitarian goals, e.***.improvement or air quality, erosion control or soil replenishment. Conservation-oriented restoration should not be seen as an alternative either to the latter, or to the conservation dealing with particular threatened species(species-targeted conservation). These three conservation approaches, traditional ecological restoration, species-targeted conservation, and conservation-oriented restoration differ not only in broadly defined goals and attributes of their targets, but also in the types of ecosystems they are applicable to, and complement each other in combating global deterioration of the environment and biodiversity loss.

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation strategy Restoration Threatened species

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How to conserve threatened Chinese plant species with extremely small populations?

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植物分类与资源学报 2016年第1期38卷 53-62页

作者： sergei volis Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

The Chinese flora occupies a unique position in global plant diversity,but is severely threatened. Although biodiversity conservation in China has made significant progress over the past decades,many wild plant species have extremely small population sizes and therefore are in extreme danger of extinction. The concept of plant species with extremely small populations( PSESPs),recently adopted and widely accepted in China,lacks a detailed description of the methodology appropriate for conserving PSESPs. Strategies for seed sampling,reintroduction,protecting PSESP locations,managing interactions with the local human population,and other conservation aspects can substantially differ from those commonly applied to non-PSESPs. The present review is an attempt to provide a detailed conservation methodology with realistic and easy-to-follow guidelines for PSESPs in China.

关键词：植物学植物分类植物生态学植物演化

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Translocation of Otostegia bucharica, a highly threatened narrowly distributed relict shrub

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 105-108页

作者： Komiljon Tojibaev Natalia Beshko sergei volis Institute of Botany of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

Translocation is a recognized means of rescuing imperiled species but the evidence for the long-term success of translocations is limited. We report the successful translocation of reproductive individuals of a critically endangered shrub Otostegia bucharica from a site facing imminent habitat destruction into a nearby natural population of the species. The relocated plants were visited the year after planting and 13 years later to assess short-and long-term plant survival. Significant percentage of plants that survived transplanting shock and very dry spring following transplanting(around 36%), and further decrease of this number in the next 12 years by only 14%, indicated that O. bucharica is amenable to translocation using reproductive plants. Based on results of species distribution modeling, and failed attempts of ex situ cultivation, we propose introduction of this species into areas with suitable climatic and soil conditions.However, because there is currently no nature reserve in Uzbekistan having suitable conditions for the species under the present climate and that expected in the near future, and because all known habitats of O. bucharica are exposed to the very strong anthropogenic pressure, establishment of a new protected area, awareness building and involvement of local community in conservation activities are required to prevent extinction of this extremely rare species.

关键词： Endangered plant species SDM Translocation Ins itu Plant conservation

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Fine-scale spatial genetic structure in predominantly selfing plants with limited seed dispersal： a rule or exception？

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植物分类与资源学报 2016年第2期38卷 75-81页

作者： sergei volis Danara Ormanbekova Irina Shulgina Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Bologna Via Zamboni 33 40126 Bologna Italy

Gene flow at a fine scale is still poorly understood despite its recognized importance for plant population demographic and genetic processes.We tested the hypothesis that intensity of gene flow will be lower and strength of spatial genetic structure(SGS) will be higher in more peripheral populations because of lower population density.The study was performed on the predominantly selfing Avena sterilis and included:(1) direct measurement of dispersal in a controlled environment;and(2) analyses of SGS in three natural populations,sampled in linear transects at fixed increasing inter-plant distances.We found that in A.sterilis major seed dispersal is by gravity in close(less than 2 m) vicinity of the mother plant,with a minor additional effect of wind.Analysis of SGS with six nuclear SSRs revealed a significant autocorrelation for the distance class of 1 m only in the most peripheral desert population,while in the two core populations with Mediterranean conditions,no genetic structure was found.Our results support the hypothesis that intensity of SGS increases from the species core to periphery as a result of decreased within-population gene flow related to low plant density.Our findings also show that predominant self-pollination and highly localized seed dispersal lead to SGS at a very fine scale,but only if plant density is not too high.

关键词： Gene flow Neighborhood size Spatial genetic structure Range position Core Periphery

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Effect of salinity on seed germination, growth and ion content in dimorphic seeds of Salicornia europaea L. （Chenopodiaceae）

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Plant Diversity 2016年第4期38卷 183-189页

作者： Nikolai Orlovsky Ulbasyn Japakova Huifan Zhang sergei volis The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev POB 84990 Israel Scientific Center of Plant Production "Botanika" of Uzbek Academy of Sciences 2 F. Khodjaev Str.. 700143 Tashkent Uzbekistan Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China

The halophyte Salicornia europaea L. is a widely distributed salt-tolerant plant species that produces numerous dimorphic seeds. We studied germination and recovery in dimorphic seeds of Central Asian S. europaea under various salinity conditions. We also tested the effects of various salts on Natand Ktaccumulation during plant development from germination to anthesis under greenhouse conditions. We found good germination(close to control) of large seeds under Na Cl between 0.5 and 2%, Na_2SO_4and 2 Na Cl t KCl t Ca Cl between 0.5 and 3%, and 2Na_2SO_4t K_2SO_4t Mg SO4 between 0.5 and 5%. For the small seeds, we found stimulating effects of chloride salts(both pure and mixed) under 0.5e1% concentrations, and sulfate salts under 0.5e3%. Both types of seeds showed high germination recovery potential. Salt tolerance limits of the two seed types during germination and at the later stages of development were very similar(4e5%). During plant growth the optimal concentrations of mixed chloride and sulfate salts ranged from 0.5 to 2%. The mechanisms of salt tolerance in the two seed types of S. europaea appear to differ, but complement each other, improving overall adaptation of this species to high salinity.

关键词： Dimorphic seeds Germination Ion content Recovery Salinity

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Phylogenomics of Allium section Cepa(Amaryllidaceae)provides new insights on domestication of onion

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Plant Diversity 2021年第2期43卷 102-110页

作者： Ziyoviddin Yusupov Tao Deng sergei volis Furkat Khassanov Dilmurod Makhmudjanov Komiljon Tojibaev Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China International Joint Lab for Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography Institute of BotanyAcademy Sciences of UzbekistanTashkent100125Uzbekistan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Allium sect.Cepa(Amaryllidaceae)comprises economically important plants,yet resolving the phylogenetic relationships within the section has been difficult as nuclear and chloroplast-based phylogenetic trees have been incongruent.Until now,phylogenetic studies of the section have been based on a few genes.In this study,we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome(plastomes)of four central Asian species of sect.Cepa:Allium oschaninii,A.praemixtum,A.pskemense and A.galanthum.Their chloroplast(cp)genomes included 114 unique genes of which 80 coded proteins.Seven protein-coding genes were highly variable and therefore promising for future phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies.Our plastome-based phylogenetic tree of Allium sect.Cepa revealed two separate clades:one comprising the central Asian species A.oschaninii,A.praemixtum,and A.pskemense,and another comprising A.galanthum,A.altaicum,and two cultivated species,A.cepa and A.fistulosum.These findings contradict previously reported phylogenies that relied on ITS and morphology.Possible explanations for this discrepancy are related to interspecific hybridization of species ancestral to A.galanthum and A.cepa followed by chloroplast capture;however,this is impossible to prove without additional data.Our results suggest that the central Asian Allium species did not play a role in the domestication of the common onion.Among the chloroplast genes,rpoC2 was identified as a gene of choice in further phylogeographical studies of the genus Allium.

关键词： Chloroplast genome SNP Phylogeny Chloroplast capture

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