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Thermally Dependent Behaviour of Cold-Blooded Animals: Overcoming Two Temperature Barriers on the Way to Warm-Blooded

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2023年第5期13卷 95-112页

作者： Yulia S. Mednikova sergei N. Kalabushev Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS Moscow Russia Institute of Functional Genomics Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia V.A.Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology Moscow Russia

Background: The temperature preferences of cold-blooded animals are different for different groups of animals and are closely related to their evolutionary status and level of adaptive capabilities. The range of preferred temperatures for reptiles (28°C - 32°C) coincides with the zone of temperature-dependent increase in the rate of the M-cholinergic reaction in the brain, which was previously found in warm-blooded neurons. The growth of the M-cholinergic process contributes to the transition of adaptive behavior to a higher level. Of the cold-blooded, only reptiles actively use thermoregulatory behavior as a tool to achieve a temperature optimum. This paper is devoted to the study of the behavior of red-eared turtles aimed at reaching the range of preferred temperatures. Temperature conditions necessary for the survival of different groups of cold-blooded animals are compared and the reason for temperature preferences is discussed. Methods: The behavior of turtles was studied under conditions of variable solar radiation and in a 3-section terrarium with gradual temperature ranges: 23°C - 24°C;28°C - 31°C and 45°C - 50°C. Results: It was found that prolonged (up to 1.5 hours) heating at a temperature of 45°C - 50°C was the best way to achieve the preferred temperatures. This method of heating results in increasing the temperature of the shell to an average of 37°C, followed by a very slow decrease during 4 - 6 hours within the limits that closely coincided with the preferred level. Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrate that the main function of the turtle shell is to accumulate heat and keep it for a long time in a variable climate. The preferred temperature achieved in this case is necessary for the temperature-dependent transition of the rate of the M-cholinergic reaction in the brain to a higher level, which creates more significant adaptive capabilities. The temperature range of the M-cholinergic process has two inflection points at 27°C - 29°C and 34°C -

关键词： Preferred Temperatures Adaptive Capabilities Turtles Shell Ice-Free Era Permian Period Mesozoic Era

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Learning surface molecular structures via machine vision

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 194-202页

作者： Maxim Ziatdinov Artem Maksov sergei V.Kalinin Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Recent advances in high resolution scanning transmission electron and scanning probe microscopies have allowed researchers to perform measurements of materials structural parameters and functional properties in real space with a picometre *** many technologically relevant atomic and/or molecular systems,however,the information of interest is distributed spatially in a non-uniform manner and may have a complex multi-dimensional *** of the critical issues,therefore,lies in being able to accurately identify(‘read out’)all the individual building blocks in different atomic/molecular architectures,as well as more complex patterns that these blocks may form,on a scale of hundreds and thousands of individual atomic/molecular *** we employ machine vision to read and recognize complex molecular assemblies on ***,we combine Markov random field model and convolutional neural networks to classify structural and rotational states of all individual building blocks in molecular assembly on the metallic surface visualized in high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy *** show how the obtained full decoding of the system allows us to directly construct a pair density function—a centerpiece in analysis of disorderproperty relationship paradigm—as well as to analyze spatial correlations between multiple order parameters at the nanoscale,and elucidate reaction pathway involving molecular conformation *** method represents a significant shift in our way of analyzing atomic and/or molecular resolved microscopic images and can be applied to variety of other microscopic measurements of structural,electronic,and magnetic orders in different condensed matter systems.

关键词： allowed classify spatially

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On the liquid-phase technology of carbon fiber/aluminum matrix composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第12期26卷 1578-1584页

作者： sergei Galyshev Andrew Gomzin Rida Gallyamova Igor Khodos Fanil Musin Institute of Solid State Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences Chernogolovka 142432Russia Ufa State Aviation Technical University Ufa 450000Russia Ufa Chemistry Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa 450000Russia Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials Russian Academy of Sciences Chernogolovka 142432Russia

The main problems with the liquid-phase technology of carbon fiber/aluminum matrix composites include poor wetting of the fiber with liquid aluminum and formation of aluminum carbide on the fibers’*** paper aims to solve these *** theoretical and experimental dependence of porosity on the applied pressure were *** possibility of obtaining a carbon fiber/aluminum matrix composite wire with a strength value of about 1500 MPa was *** correlation among the strength of the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite,the fracture surface,and the degradation of the carbon fiber surface was discussed.

关键词： carbon fiber/aluminum matrix composite liquid-phase fabrication infiltration pressure composite porosity composite wire ultrasonic

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Distribution and changes of active layer thickness(ALT) and soil temperature(TTOP) in the source area of the Yellow River using the GIPL model

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第8期57卷 1834-1845页

作者： LUO DongLiang JIN HuiJun sergei MARCHENKO Vladimir ROMANOVSKY State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks Alaska 99775 USA

Active layer thickness(ALT) is critical to the understanding of the surface energy balance, hydrological cycles, plant growth, and cold region engineering projects in permafrost regions. The temperature at the bottom of the active layer, a boundary layer between the equilibrium thermal state(in permafrost below) and transient thermal state(in the atmosphere and surface canopies above), is an important parameter to reflect the existence and thermal stability of permafrost. In this study, the Geophysical Institute Permafrost Model(GIPL) was used to model the spatial distribution of and changes in ALT and soil temperature in the Source Area of the Yellow River(SAYR), where continuous, discontinuous, and sporadic permafrost coexists with seasonally frozen ground. Monthly air temperatures downscaled from the CRU TS3.0 datasets, monthly snow depth derived from the passive microwave remote-sensing data SMMR and SSM/I, and vegetation patterns and soil properties at scale of 1:1000000 were used as input data after modified with GIS techniques. The model validation was carried out carefully with in-situ ALT in the SAYR interpolated from the field-measured soil temperature data. The results of the model indicate that the average ALT in the SAYR has significantly increased from 1.8 m in 1980 to 2.4 m in 2006 at an average rate of 2.2 cm yr–1. The mean annual temperature at the bottom of the active layer, or temperature at the top of permafrost(TTOP) rose substantially from –1.1℃ in 1980 to –0.6℃ in 2006 at an average rate of 0.018℃ yr–1. The increasing rate of the ALT and TTOP has accelerated since 2000. Regional warming and degradation of permafrost has also occurred, and the changes in the areal extent of regions with a sub-zero TTOP shrank from 2.4×104 to 2.2×104 km2 at an average rate of 74 km2 yr–1. Changes of ALT and temperature have adversely affected the environmental stability in the SAYR.

关键词：有源层厚度土壤温度黄河源区 ALT L模式多年冻土区地理信息系统技术地表能量平衡

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Evolution of structure and physical properties in Al-substituted Ba-hexaferrites

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第1期25卷 706-711页

作者： Alex Trukhanov Larisa Panina sergei Trukhanov Vitalii Turchenko Mohamed Salem National University of Science and Technology MISiS 119049MoscowLeninsky Prospckt4Russia SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus 220072 RBMinsk19 P.Brovki Str.Russia Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980Dubna6 Joliot-Curie StreetRussia

The investigations of the crystal and magnetic structures of the BaFe12_xAlxO19 （x = 0.1-1.2） solid solutions have been performed with powder neutron diffractometry. Magnetic properties of the BaFe12_xAlxOt9 （x = 0.1-1.2） solid solutions have been measured by vibration sample magnetometry at different temperatures under different magnetic fields. The atomic coordinates and lattice parameters have been Rietveld refined. The invar effect is observed in low temperature range （from 4.2 K to 150 K）. It is explained by the thermal oscillation anharmonicity of atoms. The increase of microstress with decreasing temperature is found from Rietveld refinement. The Curie temperature and the change of total magnetic moment per formula unit are found for all compositions of the BaFet2_xAlxO19 （x = 0.1-1.2） solid solutions. The magnetic structure model is proposed. The most likely reasons and the mechanism of magnetic structure formation are discussed.

关键词： barium hexaferrites neutron diffraction crystal and magnetic structures

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Applications of physical methods in estimation of soil biota and soil organic matter

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Soil Ecology Letters 2020年第3期2卷 165-175页

作者： Chagovetc sergei Shenglei Fu Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of EducationCollege of Environment and PlanningHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Soil biota is the living component of soil organic matter(SOM),and plays a key role in the decomposition of *** soil biota and SOM are indicators of soil fertility and soil ***,they both are sensitive to soil *** researchers developed various technologies to detect soil biota and SOM,they are mostly destructive and cause disturbance to soil,which may not reflect the actual situation of soil biota and ***,here we mostly focused on the non-destructive physical methods for estimating soil biota and SOM and discussed their advantages and *** methods include but not limited to acoustic detection,radio frequency identification,radioactive tagging,hyperspectral sensing and electron energy loss *** addition,we pointed out the current research problems and the potential research directions for applications of physical methods in estimation of soil biota and SOM.

关键词： Soil organic matter Soil biota Advanced method Acoustic method Spectroscopy Tagging

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Functional Interaction of the SNARE Protein NtSyp121 in Ca^2＋ Channel Gating, Ca^2＋ Transientsand ABA Signalling of Stomatal Guard Cells

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 347-358页

作者： sergei Sokolovski Adrian Hills Robert A. Gay Michael R. Blatt Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics IBLS--Plant Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK Current address: Blackfriars 64 St Giles Oxford OX1 3LY UK

There is now growing evidence that membrane vesicle trafficking proteins, especially of the superfamily of SNAREs, are critical for cellular signalling in plants. Work from this laboratory first demonstrated that a soluble, inhibitory （dominant-negative） fragment of the SNARE NtSyp121 blocked K^＋ and CI^- channel responses to the stress-related hormone abscisic acid （ABA）, but left open a question about functional impacts on signal intermediates, especially on Ca^2＋-mediated signalling events. Here, we report one mode of action for the SNARE mediated directly through alterations in Ca^2＋ channel gating and its consequent effects on cytosolic-free [Ca^2＋] （[Ca^2＋]i） elevation. We find that expressing the same inhibitory fragment of NtSyp121 blocks ABA-evoked stomatal closure, but only partially suppresses stomatal closure in the presence of the NO donor, SNAP, which promotes [Ca^2＋]i elevation independently of the plasma membrane Ca^2＋ channels. Consistent with these observations, Ca^2＋ channel gating at the plasma membrane is altered by the SNARE fragment in a manner effective in reducing the potential for triggering a rise in [Ca^2＋]i, and we show directly that its expression in vivo leads to a pronounced suppression of evoked [Ca^2＋]i transients. These observations offer primary evidence for the functional coupling of the SNARE with Ca^2＋ channels at the plant cell plasma membrane and, because [Ca^2＋]i plays a key role in the control of K^＋ and CI^- channel currents in guard cells, they underscore an important mechanism for SNARE integration with ion channel regulation during stomatal closure.

关键词： Ca^2+ channel, hyperpolarization-activated abscisic acid membrane vesicle traffic cytosolic-free [Ca^2+]elevation Nicotiana plant pathogen defense.

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Pulsed corona discharge for improving treatability of coking wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 306-316页

作者： Ming Liu sergei Preis Iakov Kornev Yun Hu Chao-Hai Wei School of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal Guangzhou 510006 China Institute of High Technology Physics National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University 30 Lenin Ave. Tomsk 634050 Russian Federation

Coking wastewater（CW） contains toxic and macromolecular substances that inhibit biological treatment. The refractory compounds remaining in biologically treated coking wastewater（BTCW） provide chemical oxygen demand（COD） and color levels that make it unacceptable for reuse or disposal. Gas-phase pulsed corona discharge（PCD） utilizing mostly hydroxyl radicals and ozone as oxidants was applied to both raw coking wastewater（RCW） and BTCW wastewater as a supplemental treatment. The energy efficiency of COD,phenol, thiocyanate and cyanide degradation by PCD was the subject of the research. The cost-effective removal of intermediate oxidation products with addition of lime was also studied. The energy efficiency of oxidation was inversely proportional to the pulse repetition frequency： lower frequency allows more effective utilization of ozone at longer treatment times. Oxidative treatment of RCW showed the removal of phenol and thiocyanate at 800 pulses per second from 611 to 227 mg/L and from 348 to 86 mg/L, respectively, at 42 k Wh/m^3 delivered energy, with substantial improvement in the BOD5/COD ratio（from 0.14 to 0.43）.The COD and color of BTCW were removed by 30% and 93%, respectively, at 20 k Wh/m^3,showing energy efficiency for the PCD treatment exceeding that of conventional ozonation by a factor of 3–4. Application of lime appeared to be an effective supplement to the PCD treatment of RCW, degrading COD by about 28% at an energy input of 28 k Wh/m3 and the lime dose of 3.0 kg/m^3. The improvement of RCW treatability is attributed to the degradation of toxic substances and fragmentation of macromolecular compounds.

关键词： Coking wastewater Liming Low-temperature plasma Oxidation Ozone

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The effect of self-focusing on laser space-debris cleaning

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 250-255页

作者： Alexander M Rubenchik Michail P Fedoruk sergei K Turitsyn Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA Institute of Computational Technologies Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk 630090Russia Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090Russia Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies School of Engineering and Applied ScienceAston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUK

A ground-based laser system for space-debris cleaning will use powerful laser pulses that can self-focus while propagating through the *** demonstrate that for the relevant laser parameters,this self-focusing can noticeably decrease the laser intensity on the *** show that the detrimental effect can be,to a great extent,compensated for by applying the optimal initial beam *** effect of laser elevation on the system performance is discussed.

关键词： laser self-focusing space debris

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Stable optical vortices in nonlinear multicore fibers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 245-250页

作者： Ljupco Hadzievski Aleksandra Maluckov Alexander MRubenchik sergei Turitsyn Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences University of BelgradeP.O.Box 52211001 BelgradeSerbia Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies Aston UniversityB47ET BirminghamUK Laboratory of Nonlinear Photonics Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia

The multicore fiber(MCF)is a physical system of high practical *** addition to standard exploitation,MCFs may support discrete vortices that carry orbital angular momentum suitable for spatial-division multiplexing in high-capacity fiber-optic communication *** discrete vortices may also be attractive for high-power laser *** present the conditions of existence,stability,and coherent propagation of such optical vortices for two practical MCF *** optimization,we found stable discrete vortices that were capable of transferring high coherent power through the MCF.

关键词： coherent energy propagation multicore fibers nonlinear vortices

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