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ω-3 Rich Tetracarpidum conophorum Oil Exhibits Better Prevention Effects for Cardiovascular Risk Factors than Corn Oil in Adult of Albinos Wistar Male Rats

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 663-680页

作者： Nzali Horliane Ghomdim Kenfack Laurette Blandine Mezajoug Eric serge Ngangoum Stève Djiazet Clergé Tchiegang Bioprocess Laboratory Department of Food Process and Quality Control University Institute of Technology University of Ngaoundere Adamaoua Cameroon School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Catholic University Institute of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI) University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Cardiovascular diseases are serious pathologies that affect an increasing number of people. Several preventive measures are generally used, including supplementing of oils in foods. Our objective was to compare the effects of Tetracarpidum conophorum oil (TC) and corn oil (CO) on serum lipid profiles of normal male rats. 42 Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups. Diets included TC oil (groups TC5, TC10 and TC20) and corn oil (groups CO5, CO10 and CO20) in proportions of 5%, 10% and 20%, with a control group (T). After 5 weeks of feeding, several parameters were measured during and after the study, including body weight, food intake and organ weights (kidney, liver and fat). Lipid profiles (total cholesterol, TG, HDL and LDL), glucose and protein levels were measured in the serum. The increase in body mass was inversely proportional to the amount of oil in the food. The decrease in body mass and adiposomatic index of group TC10 was significant (p < 0.05) compared with the other groups. The lowest glycaemia (64.17 ± 5.14 mg/dl) was noted with the diet containing 20% TC oil. A significant reduction in total cholesterol, LDL fraction and blood triglycerides was observed in the groups supplemented with TC and corn oils compared to controls. Results were also more beneficial for the TC10 group. HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the oil-supplemented groups than in the control group. Castelli’s risk indices decrease significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing oil content for TC. The oils had no impact on blood protein contents. One can conclude that a diet containing 10% crude oil from TC kernels could prevent or alleviate cardiovascular diseases and glycemia.

关键词： Tetracarpidium conophorum Oil ω-3 Corn Oil Lipid Profiles Glycemia

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Community Perception of Riparian Corridors Ecosystem Services and Implications for Environmental Education in Upper Oueme Catchment in Benin, West Africa

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第2期14卷 125-147页

作者： Socrate Mercator Dossou Kinnoumè serge Adomou Gérard Nounagnon Gouwakinnou Thierry Dèhouégnon Houéhanou Laboratory of Ecology Botany and Plant Biology Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Republic of Benin

The assessment of the local community perception of the value of riparian corridors is relevant to understand their attitude towards the conservation of such ecosystem. We conducted a semi-structured survey on the perception and importance attributed to the ecosystem services (ESs) provided by riparian corridors in 368 households across 70 villages located in a buffer zone of 5 km of servitude around the permanent rivers of the Upper Oueme watershed in Benin. We found that local communities easily reported provisioning and cultural ESs than regulating and supporting ones, indicating their misunderstanding of the main role of riparian corridor. Moreover, the supply of cropping areas was perceived as the most important ES. Educated respondents and high-income households had more knowledge of regulating ESs and supporting ESs, respectively. Overall, the highly perceived importance of the provision of cropping areas indicates a potential risk of agricultural encroachment of riparian corridors. We suggest the consideration of the current local perception of riparian corridor’s role in designing a sound environmental education aiming at the change of local population’s perception. This perception shift will promote a sustainable management of the riparian corridors.

关键词： Local Knowledge Direct Use Value Soil Formation Migration Importance Value Benin

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Characterisation of Human-Wildlife Conflicts around the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 343-356页

作者： Basubi Muke Matthieu Vwima Stany Ayagirwe Basengere Rodrigue Mushagalusa Freddy Benjamin-Fink Nicole Bobo Kadiri serge Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Evangelical University in Africa Bukavu Congo Wildlife and Protected Areas Laboratory Forestry and Wood Technology Department of Forestry University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences Evangelical University in Africa Bukavu Congo Conservation beyond Borders Organization Minnetonka USA

The history of mankind contains so many illustrations of well-classified and violent struggles against various animals over crop production in agricultural fields, attacks on human life or competition in order to have access to certain natural resources. The aim of this study is to characterise the human-wildlife conflicts that occur around the KBNP, especially with regard to primates. Surveys were carried out in 260 households selected using the snowball method. The results showed that human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP are characterised by the destruction of crops in riparian fields by monkeys, chimpanzees and gorillas, the destruction of houses, physical attacks and zoonoses. Despite the conservation and protection measures for wildlife and local populations put in place by the Park’s managers, conflicts between local populations and the Park’s wild animals are still visible. These conflicts lead to the detention of wild animals by local people roaming in the villages and to poaching on the Park’s boundaries. The weakness of the community management policy on the part of the park managers and the resentment of the indigenous peoples towards the restriction of their access to natural resources are the major constraints on the sustainable management of conflicts between the local populations and the wild animals in the KBNP. The strategies for the sustainable resolution of human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP must be geared towards and integrated into a community conservation approach.

关键词： Community Conservation Human-Wildlife Conflict Kahuzi-Biega National Park

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Preparation and Characterisation of Corncob-Based Biosorbents in Côte d’Ivoire

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2024年第8期14卷 178-195页

作者： Miezan Gnoan Ghislaine De Bouanzi Patrick Grah Atheba serge Kouassi Gbamélé Martin Alla Aka Albert Trokourey Laboratory of Constitution and Reaction of Matter (LCRM) Flix Houphout-Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratory of Environmental Sciences (LSE) Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan Cte dIvoire

This study focuses on the preparation of corncob-based biosorbents. The chemical impregnation method was used to vary the chemical agent namely phosphoric acid H3PO4 (BA) and sodium hydroxide NaOH (BB). The physicochemical analysis of the two biosorbents indicated that under the same preparation conditions, the bio-sorbents have after activation yields lower than 50% (24.37% for BB and 49.09% for BA). In addition, the biosorbents have iodine index values between 444.17 mg/g and 418.79 mg/g and specific surfaces related to the adsorption of methylene blue ranging from 18.54 m2/g to 19.70 m2/g. The study of surface functional groups by using the Boehm test and pH zero point charge (pHPZC) confirmed the acidic nature of BA and BB biosorbents with respective values pHPZC = 4.01 and pHPZC = 4.90. The Langmuir method and BET analysis determined the specific surface areas by liquid phase adsorption of methylene blue as well as the porosity. The BET surface areas of BA and BB obtained are 72.01 m2/g and 63.10 m2/g respectively. The influence of the chemical activating agent on the formation of pores was confirmed by electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. From this study, it is found that the best activating agent for corn cobs was found to be phosphoric acid because the BA biosorbent was revealed to be the most favourable due to its surface area and good pore volume which are high compared to sodium hydroxide NaOH. Moreover, their application as adsorbent for effluent treatment could be explored.

关键词： Biosorbent Corncobs Chemical Activation Phosphoric Acid Sodium Hydroxide

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Investigating the Impact of Base Heating and External Electric Field on PV Cell Performance under Intense Illumination

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第5期14卷 1305-1314页

作者： Boubacar Soro Guy serge Tchouadep Esso-Ehanam Tchedre Kpeli Ousmane Souliga Adama Ouedraogo Issa Zerbo Martial Zoungrana Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energies Universit&#233 Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences et Technologie Ecole Normale Sup&#233rieure Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The characterization of the performances of a PV cell is linked to intrinsic factors of this cell. It is therefore important for us to identify the favorable or unfavorable conditions that affect the performance of PV cells. It is from this perspective that it seems judicious to us to study the simultaneous influence of the heating of the base and an external electric field on the performance of a PV cell under intense illumination of 50 suns. Two phenomena contribute to the heating of the base of a PV cell which is heating due to the transfer by conduction of solar radiation energy received by the surface of the PV cell and the heat generated inside the PV cell by various phenomena linked to the movement of photogenerated charged carriers. In this study, we take into account the heating linked to the movement of the charged carriers in the base. After a mathematical modeling of the PV cell considered, some hypotheses are formulated and the expressions of the electrical parameters are established as a function of the electric field and base temperature. Subsequently, we use numerical simulation to highlight the behavior of theses parameters as a function of temperature and of the intensity of the electric field. The results show that for any given temperature, the orientation of the electric field as considered in our work improves the performance of the PV cell while high temperatures degrade these performances. Furthermore, the analysis of the curves shows that the harmful effect of temperature on the performance of a PV cell is more accentuated at large values of electric field.

关键词： Collisions Thermalization Braking Electric Strength Base Temperature

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Influence of Continental Atmospheric Forcing on the Decadal Variability of the West African Monsoon

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 1-28页

作者： Adjoua Moïse Landry Famien Sandrine Djakouré Bi Tra Jean Claude Youan serge Janicot Abé Delfin Ochou Arona Diedhiou Département des Sciences et Techniques Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire LASMES-UFR SSMT Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny d’Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire LSS-UFR SSMT Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny d’Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques Sorbonne Université IRD CNRS MNHN Paris France Université Grenoble Alpes IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Grenoble France UFHB-IRD Joint International Laboratory of Research on NEXUS Climate Water Energy and Agriculture and Development of Cli-mate Services African Centre of Excellence CCBAD (Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture) Université Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te D’Ivoire

The West African Monsoon (WAM) is characterized by strong decadal and multi-decadal variability and the impacts can be catastrophic for the local populations. One of the factors put forward to explain this variability involves the role of atmospheric dynamics, linked in particular to the Saharan Heat Low (SHL). This article addresses this question by comparing the sets of preindustrial control and historical simulation data from climate models carried out in the framework of the CMIP5 project and observations data over the 20th century. Through multivariate statistical analyses, it was established that decadal modes of ocean variability and decadal variability of Saharan atmospheric dynamics significantly influence decadal variability of monsoon precipitation. These results also suggest the existence of external anthropogenic forcing, which is superimposed on the decadal natural variability inducing an intensification of the signal in the historical simulations compared to preindustrial control simulations. We have also shown that decadal rainfall variability in the Sahel, once the influence of oceanic modes has been eliminated, appears to be driven mainly by the activity of the Arabian Heat Low (AHL) in the central Sahel, and by the structure of the meridional temperature gradient over the inter-tropical Atlantic in the western Sahel.

关键词： Influence of Continental Atmospheric Forcing on the Decadal Variability of the West African Monsoon

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Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Maga-Pouss Rice Fields (Far-North Region, Cameroon) and Transfer to Rice Grains

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 311-326页

作者： Diane Madomguia Gilbert Bello Basokdou Kalieu W. Appoline Isabelle Patrice Kuitekam Dongo Edouard Nya serge Hubert Zebaze Togouet Department of Hydraulics and Water Management National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Research Center of Global Studies with Multidisciplinary Units (CREGUM) Maroua Cameroon National Laboratory of Analysis of Agricultural Inputs and Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Messa-Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Animal Physiology and Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Monitoring of heavy metals contamination of agricultural products and their transfer and bioaccumulation in crops like rice has become a hot topic worldwide over the last two decades. The present study was carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in rice fields and their transfer to rice grains. Soil, irrigation water and rice grains samples were gathered in Maga-Pouss, Far-North, Cameroon. Concentrations of six heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron and mercury) were evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Mercury was not detected in this study. Average concentrations of metals were in this order (in mg/kg): Fe (188.60 ± 97.06) > Pb (63.63 ± 7.11) > Cd (2.59 ± 0.29) > Zn (1.10 ± 1.05) > Cu (0.80 ± 0.73) in water and Pb (105.50 ± 31.11) > Fe (105.50 ± 31.11) > Cu (45.93 ± 14.39) > Zn (22.52 ± 6.40) > Cd (3.15 ± 0.49) in soil. Water in Maga-Pouss rice fields appears to be more harmful than the soil, notably for lead, cadmium and copper. In rice grains, heavy metals were found in this order (mg/kg): Fe (188.01 ± 82.62) > Cu (27.20 ± 0.00) > Zn (23.61 ± 12.42) > Pb (19.50 ± 19.91) > Cd (2.02 ± 1.05). The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of metals from soil to rice grains was in the following order: Fe (2.60) > Zn (1.05) > Cd (0.64) > Cu (0.59) > Pb (0.18). From water to rice grains, the order is: Cu (37.26) > Zn (22.49) > Cd (6.97) > Pb (2.74) > Fe (1.94). Rice field pH and electrical conductivity favored the uptake of lead, copper and cadmium by rice grains. The findings of this study will be good documentation for risk assessment, and decision-making by environmental managers in this region.

关键词： Heavy Metals Rice Field Bioconcenration Factor Maga-Pouss Accumulation

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Usefulness of the Surgical Apgar Score to Predict the Occurrence of Major Complications in the Early Post-Operative Period of Major Surgeries: Experience of Two Second-Category Hospitals in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第3期14卷 51-65页

作者： Charles Emmanuel Toussaint Binam Bikoi Francis Ateba Ndongo serge Vivier Nga Nomo Édouard Léa Mekoui Ze Fidèle Binam Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Yaounde Mother and Child Center Chantal Biya Foundation University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon

Objective: The Surgical Apgar Score (SAS) is a tool for intraoperative stratification of the risk of serious complications in the early postoperative period. It varies from 0 to 10 points divided into three risk categories (0 to 4 high, 5 to 7 moderate, 8 to 10 low). The aim of the study was to evaluate its relevance in predicting the appearance of these complications. Material and methods: This descriptive and analytical study was carried out at the “Laquintinie” Hospital in Douala and at the Central Hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon. The main data were collected on a population of patients over 18 years old and recorded on a survey form. They consisted of variables of main interest and exposure variables. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis using top-down logistic regression models made it possible to evaluate the association of each variable of main interest and each exposure variable. The association was significant at P Results: Of the 88 patients studied, the SAS was 3 hours. In multivariate, this link persisted only and strongly for the SAS OR (IC) 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2) and p = 000. Conclusion: The study found a specific and powerful link between the SAS score < 4 and the occurrence of complications in the early postoperative period, in favor of its relevance in predicting them.

关键词： Early Postoperative Complications Major Surgeries Surgical Apgar Score

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Cardiac Tolerance of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Bark of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier (HAEBTM) in Wistar Rats

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第3期14卷 126-137页

作者： Irié Lou Bohila Emilie Kamo Kouakou serge Kouassi Virginie Atto Allico Joseph Djaman Jean David N’guessan Mireille Dosso Department of Microbiology Institut Pasteur of Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire Biology and Health Laboratory Flix Houphout-Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Medical and Fundamental Biochemistry Institut Pasteur of Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier is a plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various pathologies. However, Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier could present potential health effects on patients. In order to determine the possible cardiotoxic effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract of the bark of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier, (HAEBTM) forty (40) rats distributed randomly into 4 groups, including 10 animals per group (5 males and 5 females) were used. Animals in group 1 received distilled water and were used as a control group. On the other hand, groups 2, 3, 4 received oral administration a volume of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier corresponding to 1 mL/100g of body weight at 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, respectively. The extract was administered daily at the same time for 28 days and serum was collected once a week to evaluate cardiac biochemical markers using spectrophotometric methods using a Cobas C311 HITACHI biochemistry system. After one month of study, all rats were euthanized by overdose of ether, and the hearts of the rats were removed for gross morphological and histopathological analysis. Results were analysed using variance analysis (ANOVA) to compare outcomes as a function of doses administered and treatment times. The biochemical parameters ALT, LDH, CPK, CPKMB showed no significant change (p Terminalia mantaly showed no lesions, edema and necrosis. These results suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia mantaly did not interfere with the functioning or alter the integrity of the heart.

关键词： Terminalia mantaly Bio Cardiac Tolerance Biochemical Markers Histopathology

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Outcomes of Hemodialysis Patients in Public Centres in Abidjan from September 2018 to October 2021: Data from the Renal Registry of Cote d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 413-426页

作者： Sery Patrick Diopoh Arthur Kanganga serge Didier Konan Kolo Claude Ouattara Marie-Dominique Kouadio Mohamed Alex Moudachirou Kouamé Hubert Yao Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties University Flix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Cote dIvoire National Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Renal Failure Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Background: Hemodialysis is the most widely used renal replacement therapy in developing countries such as Cote d’Ivoire. Objective: To study the outcome of chronic hemodialysis patients in public centres in Abidjan using data from the Renal Registry of Cote d’Ivoire (2RCI). Method: This was a prospective analytical cohort study of End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) patients undergoing iterative hemodialysis in the network of public hemodialysis centres in Abidjan and who had been registered in the 2RCI register by September 2018. Results: Our study involved 363 cases out of 379 patients registered in the 2RCI registry database in 2018. The mean age of the patients was 47.3 ± 12.1 years, with a male predominance (sex ratio 1.97). In 70.24% of cases, they had no health insurance. The average duration of dialysis for our patients was 6.94 ± 4.1 years, with extremes of 2 and 28 years. This duration was less than 5 years in 44.3% of cases, between 6 and 10 years in 42.9% and more than 10 years in 12.6% of cases. The comorbidities found were hypertension in 95.6% of cases, diabetes in 7.8% and HIV in 4.6%. Anemia was found in 68% of cases and stroke in 8.6%. During the study period, 161 deaths were observed, representing a mortality rate of 44.35%. Acute lung oedema (29.8%), stroke (6.8%) and other cardiovascular diseases (19.3%) were the main causes of death. In multivariate analysis, factors such as age ≥ 65 years (HR = 3.66;CI 95% = 1.55 - 8.67;p = 0.003), “married/coupled” status (HR = 2.02;CI 95% = 1.24 - 3.31;p = 0.005) and normal weight at the start of dialysis (OR = 9.59, CI95% = 4.19 - 21.95;p = 0.001) were associated with the risk of death. Conclusion: Hemodialysis is performed in Abidjan on young patients. The mortality rate after three years of dialysis is very high. Hence the need to pursue the policy of decentralizing public centres and optimizing access to dialysis in terms of quality and quantity in order to improve patient survival.

关键词： Chronic Hemodialysis Death Renal Registry Cote d’Ivoire

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